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The accurate representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is crucial for reliable projections of the ecological and socioeconomic impacts in response to anthropogenic global warming. The complex cross-scale interactions of processes that produce precipitation are challenging to model, however, inducing potentially strong biases in ESM fields, especially regarding extremes. State-of-the-art bias correction methods only address errors in the simulated frequency distributions locally, at every individual grid cell. Improving unrealistic spatial patterns of the ESM output, which would require spatial context, has not been possible so far. Here, we show that a post-processing method based on physically constrained generative adversarial networks (GANs) can correct biases of a state-of-the-art, CMIP6-class ESM both in local frequency distributions and in the spatial patterns at once. While our method improves local frequency distributions equally well as gold-standard bias-adjustment frameworks it strongly outperforms any existing methods in the correction of spatial patterns, especially in terms of the characteristic spatial intermittency of precipitation extremes.

Open access journals and blogs run by academics and therefore independent of big and commercial publishers (scholar-led) embody the idea of a biblio-diverse publishing ecosystem. They often catalyze creative and experimental formats, models and strategies that benefit the publishing community as a whole. Yet they are constantly underfunded, and often enough they have to cease operations due to financial incapacities and the lack of a sustainable business model. And while many initiatives support open access publications already, genuine open access journals and blogs without author-facing fees (diamond open access) are plunged into a substantial affordability crisis. The research project “Scholar-led Plus'' recognizes their precarious situation and develops over the course of 24 months a support structure that is funded and owned by the academic publishing community. The poster illustrates three core elements of the research project that are designed to lead to the creation of the support structure in December 2022. This support structure will foster better practice in funding open access journals and blogs and guide them towards more efficient and outcome oriented workflows. Developing a concept for the support structure: How do we build a supportive model that takes demands, needs and requirements of both journals and funders into account? This process is multi-leveled, involves a wide set of stakeholders (journals, blogs, libraries, research societies, funders, …) and therefore raises a multitude of challenges. These challenges are to be addressed through an accompanying research, which enables a robust framework for easy reuse in different funding setups. Involving the community in building the support structure: the poster will present and contextualize first results from a survey regarding costs and expenditures of OA journals, which lays the foundation for our resilient funding model and kicks-off our event series of community outreach. Following up on this, we will host several workshops in Spring 2022 in order to identify a set of user stories and use-cases of such a support structure. Our target audiences are journals, funders and everyone else with an interest in creating a sustainable and community-rooted support structure. Streamlining funding processes and workflows for community publishing: The poster will outline three key areas of support for scholar-led publishing and follow-up on recent literature on community-based, horizontal, participatory and democratic governance. Since scholar-led publishing often has to manage with a minimum of administrative capacity, we intend to provide funding and consulting while minimising overhead for journals and RFOs. As a means of activating the community, the poster is a call for participation at the same time: We ask journals, blogs and funders to take part in the workshop series, focus groups and expert interviews and will provide a timeline including action points and multiple opportunities to get involved. &nbsp

The taxonomy of the extant dinoflagellate genus Gonyaulax is challenging since its thecate morphology is rather conservative. In contrast, cysts of Gonyaulax are varied in morphology and have been related with the fossil-based genera Spiniferites and Impagidinium. To better understand the systematics of Gonyaulax species, we performed germination experiments on cysts that can be identified as S. ristingensis, an unidentified Spiniferites with petaloid processes here described as Spiniferites pseudodelicatus sp. nov. and Impagidinium variaseptum from Chinese and Portuguese waters. Despite marked differences in cyst morphology, motile cells of S. pseudodelicatus and I. variaseptum are indistinguishable from Gonyaulax baltica. Motile cells hatched from S. ristingensis are morphologically similar to G. baltica as well but differ in the presence of one pronounced antapical spine. Three new species, Gonyaulax amoyensis (cyst equivalent S. pseudodelicatus), Gonyaulax bohaiensis (cyst equivalent I. variaseptum), and Gonyaulax portimonensis (cyst equivalent S. ristingensis), were erected. In addition, a new ribotype (B) of G. baltica was reported from South Korea and a bloom of G. baltica ribotype B is reported from New Zealand. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU and SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that Gonyaulax species with minute or short antapical spines formed a well-resolved clade, whereas species with two pronounced antapical spines or lack of antapical spines formed the sister clade. Six strains of four above species were examined for yessotoxin production by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and very low concentrations of yessotoxin were detected for one G. bohaiensis strain.