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This article explores the best practices of mentorship programs in all journals at Universitas Airlangga. The university has established a journal mentoring team, as mandated by the rector’s regulation, which is responsible for guiding journals through preparation, submission, management, policy, and overall quality improvement. A case study was conducted to explore the mentoring mechanisms at Universitas Airlangga. Mentors were selected from among experienced editors at the university, each with a distinguished background in managing their own journals. The mentorship program successfully led to the indexing of 14 journals in Scopus, one in Web of Science (WoS), 85 in the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), and 60 in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The strategies used can be shared with other universities to assist their journal editors. The mentorship program at Universitas Airlangga has significantly improved the quality and international visibility of its academic journals. This is evidenced by the successful indexing of numerous journals in prestigious databases including Scopus, WoS, SINTA, and DOAJ. The structured mentoring, clear targets, and comprehensive institutional support were instrumental in achieving these results. This model serves as a scalable best practice for other universities seeking to improve their journal quality and global standing.

Abstract Background Cymbopogon is a member of the family Poaceae and has been explored for its phytochemicals and bioactivities. Although the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon spp. extracts have been extensively studied, comprehensive analyses are required to identify promising compounds for the treatment of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts in every single organ. Methods Ethanolic extracts were obtained from three Indonesian commercial species of Cymbopogon spp., namely Cymbopogon citratus (L.) Rendle, Cymbopogon nardus (DC.) Spatf., and Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt. The leaf, stem, and root extracts were evaluated via metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In silico and in vitro analyses were used to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts. In addition, bioactivity was measured using cytotoxicity assays. Antioxidant assays were performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) to determine toxicity to Huh7it-1 cells using a tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was evaluated against Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using a well diffusion assay. Results GC–MS analysis revealed 53 metabolites. Of these, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- phenol (27.87%), alpha-cadinol (26.76%), and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene (20.56%) were the predominant compounds. C. winterianus and C. nardus leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS, respectively. Contrastingly, the MTT assay showed low cytotoxicity. C. nardus leaf extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, whereas C. winterianus stem extract showed the highest activity against B. substilis. Furthermore, computational pathway analysis predicted that antimicrobial activity mechanisms were related to antioxidant activity. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the leaves had strong antioxidant activity, whereas both the leaves and stems showed great antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, all Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts showed low toxicity. These findings provide a foundation for future studies that assess the clinical safety of Cymbopogon spp. as novel drug candidates.

Background: Plasmodium falciparum is a malaria-causing unicellular parasite with strain 3D7 (Pf 3D7) being the most lethal. Currently, antimalarial resistance has been reported which necessitates the development of novel antimalarial drugs to combat the spread of malaria. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders contains phytochemical compounds that are useful for various activities, including targeting Pf 3D7 proteins. This study explored novel antimalarial drugs from G. atroviridis against several target proteins of Pf 3D7 in silico . Methods: Phytocompounds from G. atroviridis were selected as ligands. After retrieval from the Protein Data Bank, the protein sequence was screened using BLASTp NCBI. Molecular docking analysis was performed on PyRx to compute binding affinity and identify the chemical interactions involved. The stability of the ligand-protein complex was evaluated using dynamic molecular approaches. Results: Our findings showed that quercetin has a high binding affinity with apicoplast DNA polymerase (−8.3 kcal/mol), glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (−7.5 kcal/mol), and plasmepsin X (−7.8 kcal/mol). Kaempferol had a high binding affinity for the cytochrome c2 domain-swapped dimer (−8.4 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Collectively, quercetin and kaempferol are potential antimalarial candidates which warrant further investigation using in vitro and in vivo designs.

In the era of rapid technological advancement, companies need to devise the right strategies and enhance innovation to attract consumers and excel in the dynamic market competition. This study aims to investigate the influence of product quality on purchasing decisions, examine the impact of brand trust on purchasing decisions, and explore the effect of social media marketing on purchasing decisions. The study employs a quantitative approach. The population consists of Wardah lipstick consumers in Surabaya City, and a sample of 120 respondents is drawn. Purposive sampling is utilized as the sampling technique. Data collection is conducted using questionnaires, and a Likert scale is employed to measure the variables in the study. The analysis technique used is partial least squares (PLS) analysis with the aid of SmartPLS software. The findings of the study reveal that product quality and brand trust significantly influence purchasing decisions. However, social media marketing does not significantly impact purchasing decisions. Keywords: Product Quality; Brand Trust; Social Media Marketing; Purchasing Decisions

Background and Aim: Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary metabolites in molds that grow in raw materials or commercial feed. This interaction has a synergistic effect on mortality, body weight, feed intake, embryo abnormalities, egg production, and lymphoid organ atrophy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the blood profile of broilers that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxin, such as the number of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb broilers were given four treatments with five replicates. The number of chickens used in this research was determined using statistical calculations, and the data obtained was homogeneous so that the population was represented. Treatments included negative control with basal feed (C-), positive control with mycotoxins contamination (C+), treatment 1: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.1 g/kg (T1), and treatment 2: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.6 g/kg (T2). Mycotoxin contamination comprised 0.1 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.1 mg/kg OTA. The treatment period for chickens was 28 days, from 8 to 35 days. A battery cage was used in this study. Chickens were kept in a closed, ventilated room and the room temperature (27°C) was monitored during the treatment period. Results: Based on the results of statistical data processing, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between chickens fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+) and chickens not fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C-) and chickens given 1.6 g/kg mycotoxin detoxification (T2). Mycotoxin detoxification at a dose of 1.6 g/kg had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the heterophil, lymphocyte, and heterophil lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels of the blood broiler in this experiment. On other parameters such as monocytes, MCH, and MCHC, treatment 2 at dose 1.6 g/kg was the best treatment, although there was no significant effect with C- and T1. Conclusion: The administration of mycotoxin detoxifiers at a dose of 1.6 g/kg increased the number of heterophils and the ratio of heterophil lymphocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in broilers fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed.

Mauritius raspberry (Rubus rosifolius) is an exotic plant cultivated in Indonesia. Studies showed that the productivity of exotic plants is reducing due to a lack of pollination agent for their origin region. Several methods could be applied to overcome this problem. The study aimed to find the most effective method for pollinating this plant among four pollination regimes: Self-pollination, wild insects, stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps), and hand-pollination. The observation was conducted on the insect pollinators' activities (visitation rate, flower constancy, and flower handling time), pollination efficiency, and quality of the fruits produced (fruit volume). The results showed a higher visitation rate (10 to 70 per hour), higher flower constancy (visited from 07.00 to 16.00), and longer flower handling time (13.6 s) of T. laeviceps on raspberry flowers than other insects. High activities related to better raspberry pollination success (96%) and bigger fruits produced. Based on this study, applying stingless bees as pollination agents for exotic plants was the best and potentially applicable to other exotic crops.

Exploration of the utilization of plant-based natural materials as raw materials for medicines is still being carried out today. Various secondary metabolite compounds from plants have been found in recent decades, one of which is Alpinia galanga L. (greater galangal). The world community has long recognized the Alpinia galanga L. plant as a raw material for traditional medicinal herbs that can help cure several diseases, such as ulcers, headaches, rheumatism, migraines, and diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the potential of medicinal ingredients from derivatives of metabolite compounds in Alpinia galanga L. has continued in this modern era by researchers through the science of herbal medicine. Researchers have found that all parts of this plant, including leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and rhizomes, have secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be developed for medicine. One part that contains an abundance of secondary metabolites, such as 1,8-cineole, α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACE), galangin, phenylpropanoid, and β-sitosterol diglucoside (AG-7), is the rhizome. Research related to the bioactivity test of these secondary metabolite compounds is still being conducted by researchers to reveal other amazing potentials of Alpinia galanga L. Therefore, this review article provides information related to the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and various medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L.

Background In cases of ovarian failure due to malnutrition, stem cell therapy is ineffective due to the lack of viability and differentiation of transplanted cells, resulting in low adaptation and survival rates. This study aimed to investigate whether stem cells cultured under low oxygen (O2) tension improve the adaptability and viability of cells in rats with ovarian failure. Methods After four days of culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in 21% oxygen (normoxia) as the T2 group and 1% oxygen (low O2 or hypoxia) as the T1 group, 200 million bone marrow-derived MSCs per rat were transplanted into female rats with ovarian failure (15 rats per treatment group). A total of 15 fertile and 15 infertile rats were categorized as the C+ and C− groups, respectively. Results The slight increase gradually in cells expressing HSP70, VEGF-1, and GDF-9 was reported in C+, T2, T1, and C− groups, respectively. Caspase-3 expression was reported to decrease gradually in C+, T2, T1, and C− groups. Meanwhile, Graafian follicle count was reported to increase gradually in C+, T2, T1, and C− groups, respectively. Conclusions Based on those parameters, MSCs cultured under low O2 tension were more effective than those cultured under normoxic conditions as a treatment for female rats with ovarian failure.

Aglaonema is one of the ornamental plant commodities often affected by falling prices in the ornamental plant market. This phenomenon requires a strategy for storing seeds of rare and exotic cultivars for the short and medium term. In vitro storage is one way to anticipate it. This study aims to obtain the suitable composition of in vitro growing media for storing Aglaonema plants by slow growth storage (SGS). This study used a completely randomized design with one factor, consisting of seven treatments, i.e., media 1/4 Murashige and Skoog (MS), 1/2 MS, and full MS, with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 and 2.0 mg L-1 Benzyl aminopurine (BAP), and the addition of Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) 1.0 mg L-1 and 2.0 mg L-1. The results showed that the composition of the planting medium on ¼ MS + BAP 1.0 mg L-1 + IAA 1.0 mg L-1 was the best for slow-growth storage of Aglaonema in vitro.

Endogenous stem cell (ESC) exploration refers to an increase in the number of stem cells residing in the human body. This can be achieved by administering natural substances, such as honey, which can activate stem cells. Numerous studies have explored the potential of honey for animal and human health, including its antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, anti-malnutrition, and anti-fertility properties. Here, we review the scientific data on the importance of honey as a potential natural substance, and how its ability to activate endogenous stem cells can lead to new therapeutic strategies for different diseases. Honey majorly contributes to stem cell proliferation and differentiation and consequently tissue repair via mobilization and homing of endogenous stem cells toward damaged tissues. Altogether, bioactive compounds in honey or phytochemicals are potential compounds for enhancing stem cell therapeutics for several degenerative diseases.

Context: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Aims: To determine the molecular mechanism and potential of garciniaxanthone derivate compounds from G. mangostana as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and prevent cytokine storm through in silico approach. Methods: Ligand and protein samples were obtained from databases such as PubChem and Protein Databank, then drug-likeness analysis using Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muege rules on SwissADME server, prediction of antiviral probability through PASSOnline server. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation with PyRx v1.0 software (Scripps Research, USA) with an academic license, identification of interactions and chemical bond positions of ligands on the target by PoseView server, 3D visualization of PyMOLv.2.5.2 software (Schrödinger, Inc., USA) with an academic license, molecular dynamics simulation for molecular stability prediction by CABS-flex v2.0 server, target prediction of antiviral candidate compounds by SwissTargetPrediction server, pathway analysis through STRING v11.5 database, and toxicity by ProTox-II server were used. Results: Garciniaxanthone C from G. mangostana was found to be a drug-like molecule with low toxicity. This can be a candidate for SARS-Cov-2 antiviral through inhibitor activity on two viral enzymes consisting of Mpro and replicase with a binding affinity value that is more negative than other garciniaxanthone derivates and is stable. Garciniaxanthone C is predicted to bind and inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins that trigger cytokine storms, such as NFKB1 and PTGS2. Conclusions: Garciniaxanthone derivative compounds from G. mangostana may be candidates for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and preventing cytokine storm through garciniaxanthone C activity.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials in silico and in vitro of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ethanolic extract. The extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the compounds. In silico antimicrobial studies were performed to gain insights into the possible mechanism of action of the active compounds as antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts were assessed using the agar well diffusion method against the Surabaya strain of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant properties of the extract were done using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] inhibition assays. The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has high flavonoids and polyphenols contents. The GC-MS analysis detected the presence of 52 bioactive substances, with n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, benzofuran 2,3-dihydro-. quinic acid, neophytadiene as major compound. Molecular docking studies showed that these compounds have a high binding affinity towards the target proteins, thereby inhibiting their activities. The ethanolic extract of P. amaryllifolius Roxb. exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The IC50 were 11.96 ± 4.01 μg/ml and 26.18 ± 7.44 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS. The diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) and percentage of inhibition (PI) were calculated and varied for every single pathogen 16.44 ± 1.21mm/66.76 ± 4.92% (50%) and 21.22 ± 0.11mm/82.49 ± 3.91% (50%) for E. coli and S. aureus (DIZ/PI) respectively. Overall, this study provides information on the mechanism responsible for P. amaryllifolius Roxb. extract as a natural antimicrobe and lays the foundation for further studies to isolate and characterize the active compounds as antimicrobial candidates.

Technological advances are an opportunity for the regional culinary industry to develop along with the development of marketing 4.0 which makes this culinary subsector more competitive. Social media marketing is one type of digital marketing that is often used by culinary business actors in promoting. One of them is by implementing content marketing. Based on the results of the study stated that the main purpose of content marketing strategy is to increase customer engagement. This research is a qualitative descriptive study conducted at the SMJ by Mbok Judes restaurant, Banyuwangi District, Banyuwangi Regency. This study uses a snowball sampling technique in determining informants. SMJ by Mbok Judes Banyuwangi generates customer engagement through consumer responses to content marketing which is mapped into 3 dimensions including cognitive, affective, and behavioral engagement. Cognitive involvement in the form of the level of consumer interest in the content and information from the content. Affective engagement is formed based on consumer enthusiasm and satisfaction with the content. Behavioral engagement is based on sharing and supporting content behavior.

The forest conversion into oil palm plantations in Belitung impacts the plant source for pollen and nectar to support the honey bee Apis dorsata. This study aimed to identify the plants used by A. dorsata as pollen sources in honey and bee bread in honey bee nests and to analyze the vegetation composition and structure surrounding the sunggau (artificial nesting site) in Belitung Regency. Honey from A. dorsata was collected from bee nests in sunggau on Kampak Island and Tanjung Rusa. The pollen grains from 20 ml honey were acetolysed and counted until 1,200 grains for each honey sample. In Kampak Island, we found eight pollen types in honey dominated by Rhizophora mucronate mangrove pollen and eleven pollen types in bee bread dominated by Melaleuca cajuputi. The pollen type in honey in Tanjung Rusa was similar to those in Kampak Island, and nine pollen types were found in the bee bread dominated by Elaeis guineensis. The vegetation analysis revealed that mangrove and heath forests in Kampak Island were dominated by Lumnitzera littorea and Melaleuca cajuputi, respectively. The results of this study confirm the bees' notable use of the mangrove ecosystem, which adds conservation value, especially in supporting bee management efforts in Belitung.

Abstract Background Malaria continues to be a global problem due to the limited efficacy of current drugs and the natural products are a potential source for discovering new antimalarial agents. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate phytochemical properties, cytotoxic effect, antioxidant, and antiplasmodial activities of Sonchus arvensis L. leaf extracts both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The extracts from S. arvensis L. leaf were prepared by successive maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, and then subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis using standard methods. The antimalarial activities of crude extracts were tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain while the Peter's 4-day suppressive test model with P. berghei-infected mice was used to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. The cytotoxic tests were also carried out using human hepatic cell lines in [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Result The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts of S. arvensis L. leaf exhibited good in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 5.119 ± 3.27, 2.916 ± 2.34, and 8.026 ± 1.23 μg/mL, respectively. Each of the extracts also exhibited high antioxidant with low cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract showed in vivo antiplasmodial activity with ED50 = 46.31 ± 9.36 mg/kg body weight, as well as hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities in mice infected with P. berghei. Conclusion This study highlights the antiplasmodial activities of S. arvensis L. leaf ethyl acetate extract against P. falciparum and P. berghei as well as the antioxidant, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities with low toxicity. These results indicate the potential of Sonchus arvensis L. to be developed into a new antimalarial drug candidate. However, the compounds and transmission-blocking strategies for malaria control of S. arvensis L. extracts are essential for further study.

Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the recommended therapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Unfortunately, no study has reported the relationship between body mass index (BMI), total lymphocyte count (TLC), and responses to this type of chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to doxorubicin/epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients. A retrospective cohort design was applied to medical records of LABC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, from July to December 2021. BMI and TLC data were assessed based on the values before chemotherapy, while the chemotherapy response was measured using the RECIST 1.1 criteria after 3 cycles. Multinomial logistic regression test with 95% confidence level was used to analyze these data. The results showed that as many as 71% of patients experienced a Partial Response (PR), while 5% and 23% of the patients demonstrated Stable Disease (SD) and Progressive Disease (PD), respectively. Each increase in BMI of 1 kg/m2 was significantly associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR and PD by 1.26 times and 1.29 times, respectively, when compared to the occurrence of PD. Meanwhile, an increase in TLC of 100 cells/mm3 was associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR by 6.83 times and an increase in the occurrence of SD. of 6.94 when compared to the occurrence of PD. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients

Context: COVID-19 was caused by the spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019 until now. The problem comes when antiviral drugs have not yet been found and patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can trigger a cytokine storm condition due to the effects of viral replication. Indonesia has various kinds of medicinal plants, such as Sonchus arvensis L., which are used as medicinal plants. Aims: To analyze the activity of the inhibitor as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents from n-hexane fractions of S. arvensis leaves. Methods: The sample was collected from GC-MS analysis, PubChem, and Protein Databank database, then drug-likeness identification using Lipinski Rule of Five server and bioactive prediction of bioactive compounds as inhibitor activity was conducted by Molinspiration server. Furthermore, the docking simulation was performed using PyRx 0.9.9 software to determine the binding activity, molecular interaction by Discovery Studio software to identify position and interaction type, 3D molecular visualization by PyMol 2.5. software, and dynamic by CABS-flex 2.0 server to predict interaction stability. Results: α-Amyrin and β-amyrin from n-hexane fractions of S. arvensis leaves had activity as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors through interactions on helicase, RdRp, Mpro, and RBD-Spike, both compounds had more negative binding affinity than control drug and can produce stable chemical bond interactions in the ligand-protein complexes. However, the results were merely computational, so they must be validated through an in vivo and in vitro research approach. Conclusions: Sonchus arvensis L. leaves were predicted to have SARS-CoV-2 antiviral through inhibitor activity by α-amyrin and β-amyrin.

This study investigated the response of Physalis angulata L. to salt stress in terms of its growth, physiology, and production using a randomized block design with three replicates. For greenhouse cultivation, 21-day-old seedlings were cultivated in polybags containing Mediterranean soil and subjected to salinity treatments at concentrations set at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80,100,120,140,160, and 180 mM. Growth, physiology, and production parameters were measured 90 d after planting. Growth, stomatal density, yield, and fruit physical attributes were reduced at 80 mM and higher salinity. Salinity also increased the physiological responses and chemical features of the fruit. However, P. angulata grew faster and exhibited better yield and fruit quality at a salinity of 20 mM (2.25 dS m−1). Therefore, P. angulata can be cultivated in moderately saline soils, allowing for efficient land use.

Program vaksinasi menyebabkan perluasan perangkat medis non-elektromedik, terutama dalam diagnostik In Vitro. Barang In Vitro, seperti Antigen Test Covid-19 (Panbio), meningkat sebesar 613,9 persen, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk memenuhi target penjualan 5-10 juta unit tahun ini. Akibatnya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa kinerja keuangan PT. Itama Ranoraya Tbk, yang sekarang menyaksikan peningkatan penjualan yang signifikan. Jenis penelitian deskriptif ini digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Menghitung dan menganalisis laporan keuangan PT. Itama Ranoraya Tbk pada tahun 2018-2020 berdasarkan rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas, dan rasio profitabilitas menggunakan metodologi analisis data. Sebagai hasil dari temuan penelitian ini, kinerja keuangan perusahaan diklasifikasikan sebagai tidak likuid bila diukur dengan rasio likuiditas, bahkan jika rasio solvabilitas baik dalam rasio DAR, dan diklasifikasikan sebagai belum menguntungkan bila diukur dengan rasio profitabilitas. Kata Kunci: Kinerja, Keuangan, Kesehatan, Non Elektromedik

Foliar nutrients containing macronutrients, micronutrients and a combination of both were applied to Physalis peruviana, P. alkekengi and P. ixocarpa to determine their effect on fruit quality. A randomised complete block design study was conducted in a greenhouse on Madura Island, Indonesia. This study showed significant interactions between Physalis species and foliar nutrition to the physicochemical character of the fruit. Each species responded differently to the given nutrients. The combination of 1 g/L macronutrient (P and K) and 0.0625 g/L micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B, Mo and Mn) resulted in the highest fruit antioxidant activity, vitamin C, total soluble solids and redness of the three Physalis species. Generally, macronutrients and micronutrients in combination can be recommended to increase the quality of Physalis fruit.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred to date has resulted in the loss of many lives. This is due to the ease with which the COVID-19 virus spreads. According to the latest research published by the WHO, the virus can spread through the medium of objects, one of the easies object to spread virus is money. The spread of the COVID-19 virus can be done through money transactions that have previously been used by people infected by the virus. This is because COVID-19 virus can survive for more than 72 hours. To prevent this, it is necessary to sterilize so that the virus in the money can be neutralized. The technology that can be used for disinfection in this tool is Ultra Violet (UV) light and Ozone Generator. Many studies have shown that UV rays and ozone gas (O3) are able to kill viruses that are on the surface of objects. The ability of UV rays and ozone gas (O3) can kill viruses in money because UV rays and ozone gas (O3) have radiation that is quite harsh, so that if exposed to human skin continuously it can cause damage to skin tissue. In this study, to overcome this problem, a device that is automatically able to carry out the disinfection process in the room is made by utilizing UV light. Infaq Sterilization Box with UV and Ozone (BIUZ) can kill viruses in money, it is also easy to operate and safe. The size of the tool made is adjusted to the object or partner of the research activity, namely the Central Java Great Mosque Manager (PP MAJT). The need for partners is that the tool is able to carry out the sterilization process of infaq money provided by the congregation, both in the form of paper and coins effectively.

In recent years, several researchers have criticized the diversity of gender in influencing the financial performance of companies. Despite providing high benefits and variety in the field of entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs continue to be seen as an insignificant factor in entrepreneurship due to the dominance of male entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial performance of SMEs in Malang Regency. Data were collected from 100 female entrepreneurs and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Data was collected by using a simple random sampling technique. The results showed that liquidity and solvency had no significant effect on the profitability of women entrepreneurs in Malang Regency, while assets had a significant influence on the profitability of women entrepreneurs in Malang Regency. This finding seeks to allocate sources of funds in order to carry out investment activities, provide liquid assets so that they do not lose if at any time they are disbursed, provide guarantees of their own capital to pay off long-term debts, utilize all assets owned in order to increase income. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.5i1.6940

The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed is one of the Brantas watersheds covering an area of ​​1,188,800 hectares located in the Trenggalek Regency. The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed consists of forests, fields, irrigated rice fields, plantations, and settlements which are flooded every year. Flood conditions that occur have an influence on archaeological remains around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed, namely Brongkah Temple, Semarum Site and Kamulan. Most of the archaeological remains are buried by alluvial deposits due to flooding and the overflow of the Ngrowo – Ngasinan River. The results of research conducted by Balar DIY in 2012-2015 through survey and excavation data collection methods indicate that the Semarun and Kamulan sites were abandoned because they were inundated and drowned due to the overflow (flood) of the Ngrowo and Ngasinan rivers. The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of the existence of the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed on the loss or damage of archaeological sites around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed. Morphologically, the archaeological sites in the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed have a very ideal position as a place of settlement, because their location is in a basin and sloping area, fertile, and close to water sources. The conclusion should be at the end of the abstract. Avoid the word 'disaster' (adjust title). Conclusion: The selection of residential locations around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed has a very significant impact or great risk for flood disasters because of its location on the banks of the river.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang topologi baru dari dc-dc konverter jenis boost, yakni quadratic boost converter berbasis low buffer capacitor stress yang dibandingkan dan dianalisis prinsip kerjanya dengan boost converter. Konfigurasi yang dimiliki oleh kedua topologi rangkaian ini berbeda, sehingga berbeda pula untuk analisis rangkaian, stress tegangan, stress arus tiap komponen semikonduktor dan hasil gain tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan. Analisis rangkaian yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis rangkaian sakelar terbuka dan sakelar tertutup serta menggunakan metode Inductor Voltage Second Balance, kemudian menentukan spesifikasi komponen dan parameter komponen melalui perhitungan. Setelah menentukan spesifikasi dan parameter komponen kemudian rangkaian ini disimulasikan menggunakan software PSIM. Spesifikasi yang digunakan pada kedua komponen konverter ini sama guna membandingkan hasil kerja keluaran konverter. Spesifikasi ini antara lain tegangan masukan 50 V, frekuensi 70kHz, dengan menggunakan duty cycle 10%-50%. Hasil penelitan menunjukan bahwa quadratic boost converter berbasis low buffer capacitor stress dapat menaikan tegangan hingga 4 kali lipat dibandingkan boost converter.

Sida is a pantropical weed that can be annual or perennial. Several species have been identified in Indonesia. Sida cordifolia, S. rhombifolia, S. alnifolia, S. rhomboidea, S. acuta, S. glutinosa, and S. mysorensis were chosen for this study because they are representative of the species that are extensively spread in Indonesia. This study aims to update taxonomic information on the Sida genus in Indonesia. A phenogram was created using the data that was derived from the scoring of 70 morphological features. At PAST, the phenogram was created using cluster analysis, and Principal Cluster Analysis was used to determine the reason for clustering. The first cluster shows the separation of Sida acuta from all OTUs at a distance of 0.30. The second cluster shows the separation of OTU Sida cordifolia from OTU Sida glutinosa and OTU Sida mysorensis cluster at a distance between 0.20 until 0.25. The third cluster shows the separation of OTU Sida rhomboidea from OTU Sida rhombifolia and OTU Sida alnifolia cluster at a distance that was close to 0.20. The biggest value of PCA results is -0.45 and belongs to awn tip which is a character of mericarps. It demonstrates how crucial the mericarp trait is to identifying and appreciating the diversity of the genus Sida.

Background and Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted into the testes of rats with testicular failure can help rescue fertility. However, the low viability of transplanted MSCs limits the success of this treatment. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of MSCs cultured under hypoxia to increase the fertility rate in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (200 million cells/rat) were transplanted into male rat models with induced infertility (10 rats/treatment group) after 4 days of culture in 21% O2 (normoxia) and 1% O2 (hypoxia). Ten fertile and 10 untreated infertile rats served as controls. In the infertile male rats that had been fasted from food for 5 days, the fasting condition induced malnutrition and then resulted in testicular failure. Results: The results indicated that the MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions were more effective than those cultured in normoxic conditions as a treatment for testicular failure in infertile male rats based on the increased number of cells expressing p63 as a quiescent cell marker and ETV5 as a transcription factor expressed in Sertoli and germ cells. Furthermore, the structure of the seminiferous tubules, which contain spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, and spermatid, Sertoli, and Leydig cells, was improved in infertile male rats treated with the MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion: The testicular transplantation of MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions was an effective treatment for testicular failure in rats.

Background: Malnutrition is the imbalance between intake and nutritional needs, resulting in a decrease in body weight, composition, and physical function. Malnutrition causes infertility due to intestinal and liver degeneration,which may progress to testicular and ovarian degeneration. Methods: An infertile female rat model with a degenerative ovary was induced with malnutrition through a 5-day food fasting but still had drinking water. The administration of (T1) 30% (v/v) and (T2) 50% (v/v) forest honey (Apis dorsata) were performed for ten consecutive days, whereas the (T+) group was fasted and not administered forest honey and the (T−) group has not fasted and not administered forest honey. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, IL-13 and TNF-α cytokine expressions, and ovarian tissue regeneration were analyzed. Results: Superoxide dismutase was significantly different (p

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of stingless bee Tetragonula cf. biroi pollination on the fruit formation of bitter melon Momordica charantia plants. We used hoods on the observed bitter melon plants. In the first hood, stingless bees are inserted to help pollinate 100 bitter melon plants, while in the other hoods, stingless bees are not inserted so that there is no assistance in pollinating the other 100 bitter melon plants. The method used is the focal sampling method for 25 days of observation. Based on the results of the study, stingless bee pollination assistance increased the percentage of the number of flowers that became fruit by 390%, the weight of seeds/fruit by 64%, number of seeds/fruit by 260%, fruit weight by 163%, fruit diameter by 91%, and fruit length by 86%. In addition to the size of the fruit, the shape of the bitter melon pollinated by bees is standard (long and straight). In contrast, the bitter melon that does not get pollination assistance grows with a bent shape resembling the letter "C." Bitter melon is an agricultural commodity that needs pollinating agents such as stingless bees because of its monoecy.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang perbandingan keluaran daya antara panel surya konvensional dengan panel surya yang menggunakan sistem pelacak sinar matahari (solar tracker system). Pada penelitian ini juga membahas bagaimana rancangan sistem fotovoltaik yang akan digunakan untuk mencatu lampu penerangan jalan umum dengan menggunakan lampu LED DC sebesar 5 watt dan rancangan sistem alat pelacak sinar matahari yang berbasis Arduino uno. Perbandingan yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengukur arus dan tegangan keluaran kedua buah panel surya dimana satu panel surya konvensional dan satu panel surya menggunakan sistem pelacak sinar matahari. Pengujian dilakukan dalam dua kondisi yaitu pada kondisi cuaca cerah dan pada kondisi cuaca mendung. Pada cuaca cerah rata- rata selisih efisiensi antara panel surya yang menggunakan sistem pelacak sinar matahari dengan panel surya konvensional adalah sebesar 1,12% dan pada kondisi cuaca mendung adalah sebesar 1,94%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa panel surya yang menggunakan sistem pelacak sinar matahari memiliki tingkat efisiensi daya yang lebih tinggi dari pada panel surya konvensional.

The understanding mathematical concept is an error that often occurs in classroom learning among students when solving mathematical problems. The most difficult part for students is solving problems, because it requires numeracy skills, high concept mastery, as well as the ability to use good language, and so on so that students don't make any more mistakes when working on math problems. Student errors in solving mathematics problems are (1) errors in connecting concepts, (2) errors in operations and (3) errors in constructing concepts. The problem is what is the structure of students' mathematical misconceptions in solving mathematical problems based on cognitive style. The method in this research, namely an exploratory descriptive approach, aims to determine the structure of students' errors based on cognitive style in solving mathematical problems. Analysis of research data, namely: (1) Data reduction, (2) Data exposure, (3) data triangulation and (4) drawing conclusions. The cognitive styles referred to are field dependent and independent. The conclusions are (1) the structure of conceptual errors with an applied field dependent cognitive style begins with disequilibrating, then solving by linking applicable concepts, and (2) the structure of conceptual errors with a field independent cognitive style begins with disequilibrating, then solving using analyse.

Developing learning tools based on local potential is necessary because it directly relates to students' daily lives. One of them is a Popular Science Book (PSB), which highlights the potential of gastropods in coastal areas as a subject for observing biodiversity. The implementation of assessments and the value of students' critical thinking abilities still need to be improved. This research aimed to implement the PSB based on its practicality and effectiveness in improving students' critical thinking abilities. The research method used formative evaluation, focused on testing the practicality and efficacy of valid development products. Practicality was analysed based on student response tests through the percentage of responses and the implementation of the learning plan (LP) through categorization. Furthermore, effectiveness was analysed based on student learning outcomes through the percentage of completeness and achievement of critical thinking ability indicators through the N-gain test. The research results prove that the PSB developed was practical and effective. Apperception and interpretation were two of the three stages of implementation of the LP that received the highest average, where students could provide theoretical ideas based on appreciation of environmental issues. This was also supported by the student's critical thinking ability tests, where the interpretation aspect obtained the highest N-gain. The development of local potential-based PSB shows positive impacts, especially ease of use, interest in learning, motivation, apperception, and interpretation. However, it is still necessary to study in more depth the causal factors and solutions for the differences in results between the implementation of the LP at the conclusion stage and the indicators of critical thinking in the inference aspect.

Involving the global issues as listed in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education is necessarily done in the education process, especially in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Exposure to global issues is known to improve students' understanding, awareness, and ability to solve urgent issues faced by global society. This paper aims to find out the trend of research on the coverage of SDGs in students' learning process. This systematic literature analysis was done by applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Method. A total of 25 studies were recognized through a systematic search by using Sustainability, SDGs, and EFL as keywords. The result shows that the trend of associating SDGs with EFL settings was done mostly in Indonesia. In the recent year 2022, it reached the highest number of studies in the particular matter with 7 total of research. It was also found that the study involving SDGs on EFL learning was mostly done in the tertiary setting, compared with K-12, junior high school, secondary, high school, and other educational institutions. It was also discovered that the specific area of study enhances EFL students' learning achievement, environmental awareness, global citizen values, as well as students' levels of self-norms, beliefs, and self-value.

Reversibility thinking carried out mentally in mathematical operations has an important role in the process of understanding concepts as it involves developing a thinking process from beginning to end and from end to beginning. This qualitative research aims to describe students' reversible thinking processes in solving algebra problems, specifically in climbertype adversity quotient. A total of 2 students who have the climber type were selected as participants from 36 potential subjects involved in the research. Data collection was carried out by providing Adversity Response Profile questionnaires, Test of Thinking Reversible, and semi-structured interviews. Our participants solved problems according to polya stages and through forward and reverse processes. The results of data analysis show that in the forward process, there are 2 aspects of reversible thinking, namely negation and reciprocity, while in the reverse process, they involve 2 aspects of reversible thinking, namely the capability to return to initial data after obtaining the result and negation. The results suggest that student's ability to perform mental reversals indicates a strong reversible thought process, leading to more precise cognitive thinking.

The identification in this study with the aim is to describe how difficult it is for students to think reflectively when solving math problems, especially in linear programming material. Based on the purpose of this study, the type of research is qualitative with a descriptive exploratory approach. Data collection techniques used are: (1) test instruments; (2) interview instruments, and 3) documentation. Analysis of research data namely: (1) research data reduction, (2) data exposure, (3) data triangulation, and (4) drawing conclusions. The subjects in this study were 24 high school students. Then 2 students were selected as subjects for each category (high, medium, and low). The results of the study show that students with high mathematical abilities have difficulty in reflecting, namely, (1) difficulty connecting new information with previous understanding, so they are not careful when identifying stories in the form of mathematical models, (2) difficulties in aspects of finding relationships and formulating solutions, students mistake the sign of linear inequality two variables, (3) difficulty in evaluating aspects of the completion process, students find it difficult to recall the function graph material to solve problems using the graphical method. Students with moderate mathematical abilities, namely: (1) difficulties in the aspect of connecting new knowledge with previous understanding, students need to be careful in solving contextual problems, (2) difficulties in aspects of finding relationships and formulating solutions, students have difficulty recalling function graph material, difficult to shade the area of settlement, (3) difficulties when students evaluate the completion process. Students find it difficult to prove whether the answer is correct or not by using the graphical method. Students with low mathematical ability, (1) difficulties in the aspect of connecting new knowledge with previous understanding, students find it difficult to translate story problems into mathematical models, it is difficult to recall the material of a two-variable linear inequality system, (2) difficulties in the aspect of finding relationships and formulating solutions, students have difficulty finding coordinates, drawing graphs, finding intersection points, substituting corner points into the objective function. (3) difficulties in evaluating aspects of the completion process, students find it difficult to prove the correctness of the answers obtained by the graphical method. The difficulties experienced by students in reflective thinking were caused by students not remembering previous material related to linear programming, as well as students' difficulties in the dimensions of fact, concept and procedural knowledge.

Abstract Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive damage on the structure of tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the study is determining the combination photodynamic effect of diode laser 405 nm treatments and the administration of doxycycline 0.1% within 1, 3, 5, and 7 days on a Wistar rat model of periodontitis. Methods Samples were induced with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC33277 to allow periodontitis development and were treated with combination of doxycycline and laser diode, then statistical analysis was carried out (One-Way ANOVA test and the post-hoc Duncan test; Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney follow-up test for non-parametric data). Samples were divided into five groups, laser exposure used was 405-nm diode laser with energy density of 8 J/cm2. The expression level of histomorphometric was calculated by measuring the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and the distance between the CEJ-AV. Results The results showed that the combination treatment of doxycycline and laser exposure yielded immunomodulatory effects. The expression level of fibroblast and the distance between CEJ-AV bone showed that the combination of doxycycline and laser therapy exerted healing effect in rat models of periodontitis on day 5 and 7. Conclusion The combination of doxycycline 0.1% and diode laser therapy provides a healing effect in rats models of periodontitis.

A company's success in achieving its predetermined goals is possibly resulted from its good managerial skills in planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling. Many companies then look for a model or system to achieve those goals.HalalAssurance System (HAS 23000) is one expert management system used as a model by many companies in implementing the halalproduction processes. The HAS 23000 concept certainly has themanagement constructions, such as management functions. This library research used a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results showed that there were 11 criteria in HAS 23000 related to the management functions based on the perspective of George Robert Terryconsisting of planning function, organizing function, mobilizing function, controlling or supervising function, etc. The theoretical approach proposed by George Robert Terry on management functions was used to analyze those contained in HAS 23000 and show the noveltywhen compared to those conducted by the previous researchers

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of the percentage in development of Pematangsiantar city’s regional minimum wages, and the problem in this study how GRDP and RWP affect on the percentage of development of Regionl Minimum Wage at Pematangsiantar City. The method used was quantitative descriptive analysis. Data analysis used were Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression, Correlation Coefficient, Determination, F-test and t-test object on RMW at Pematangsiantar city. Finding of research and results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis test are that the GRDP and RWP had a positive effect on the RMW of Pematangsiantar City, 2). The results of the correlation coefficient indicate that the GRDP and RWP of Pematangsiantar City on its RMW were at a very strong level, while the coefficient of determination of 67.5% at high or low of the minimum wages can be explained by the GRDP and RWP, while the remaining of 32.5% was influenced by other factors which were not included in this study, 3). Hypothesis Test for F-test indicates that the GRDP and RWP influences significantly on Pematang city’s RMW, and for the t- test indicates that the GRDP and RWP had a positive and significant effect on the RMW in Pematangsiantar City from 2005 to 2018. This means that as the GRDP increases, the value of setting Pematangsiantar City's minimum wage in the following year will also increase, and vice versa. The increase of laborers/workers demands will affect the standard of regioanalwages that will be determined, this happens because wages will always adjust to the labor market demand. The stipulation of the minimum wage, it has an impact on GRDP in Pematangsiantar City, because the consumptive rate will be carried out in the place where it gets paid.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai, dan apakah lingkungan kerja memoderasi pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu disiplin kerja, kinerja pegawai, dan lingkungan kerja. Metode penentuan sampel dengan cara sampel jenuh, maka semua populasi dijadikan sampel penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi sederhana, uji hipotesis, koefisien determinasi, dan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, dan lingkungan kerja mampu memoderasi pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatkan disiplin kerja akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai, dan lingkungan kerja yang baik akan meningkatkan disiplin kerja pegawai. This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline on employee performance, and whether the work environment moderates the effect of work discipline on employee performance. The variables studied were work discipline, employee performance, and work environment. The method of determining the sample by means of saturated samples, then all populations are used as research samples. Data analysis techniques using simple regression, hypothesis testing, coefficient of determination, and moderated regression analysis. The results showed that work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and the work environment is able to moderate the effect of work discipline on employee performance. This research shows that by increasing work discipline will improve employee performance, and a good work environment will improve employee work discipline.

Abstract Background Laparoscopy induces adhesion due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the detail pathomechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of laparoscopy on mast cell and mesothelium morphological changes in the rat. Methods Forty-nine males of Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus were divided into four groups: a) control and b) intervention groups P1, P2, and P3 that underwent 60 min laparoscopic using carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation at 8, 10, and 12 mmHg groups, respectively. Serum hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined 24 h after laparoscopy. Histopathological analyses of mast cell infiltration and degranulation and mesothelium thickness in the liver, greater omentum, mesenterium, small intestine, and peritoneum were performed 7 days after the procedure. Results H2O2, MDA, and OSI levels were significantly increased in the intervention groups compared with the control (p

The purpose of this study was to determine the development strategy of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) in Pematangsiantar City. The research model is a qualitative approach. The research design is field study and literature study. The focus of research to be achieved is the development strategy of Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises in Pematangsiantar City. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that UMKM entrepreneurs face obstacles in developing their businesses. The strategy of developing MSMEs in Pematangsiantar City is inseparable from the participation of the government and UMKM actors. The government should be able to provide assistance to UMKM actors, as well as socialization and training, and UMKM actors should be more creative and innovative in producing goods

Background. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy since long time already has become the preferred method because laparoscopic cholecystectomy has many advantages compared to standard open cholecystectomy. However, since it has associated with a higher risk of complication, preoperative prediction of risk factors is needed to assess the intraoperative difficulties. Various scoring systems have a role in predicting intraoperative difficulties; however, there is a need to find a consistent and reliable predictive system. Aim. To validate a preoperative scoring system that will predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Design of the Study. Nonrandomized retrospective descriptive study. Setting. Department of General Surgery, Lambung Mangkurat Univeristy Ulin Referral Hospital, Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Methodology. A preoperative score was given to all the patients (134 patients from January 2015–December 2020) based on history, clinical examination, and sonographic findings. Using ROC curve, the cutoff for easy—difficult was 3.5 and difficult—very difficult was 7.5. The scores were compared in each patient to conclude the practicality of the preoperative predictive score. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results. History of hospitalization for acute cholecystitis (p≤0.001), high BMI (p=0.002), abdominal scar (p=0.005), palpable gallbladder (p≤0.001), thick gallbladder wall (p≤0.001), and leucocyte (p≤0.001) were considered as the significant factors that predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sensitivity and specificity for easy—difficult cutoff of the scoring method were 72.6% and 87.5%, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.849. Sensitivity and specificity for difficult—very difficult cutoff of the scoring method were 70.0% and 84.5%, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.779. Conclusion. The preoperative scoring system evaluated in the study is reliable and beneficial in predicting the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, further randomized prospective multicentric studies with large sample sizes are required to validate the efficiency of the scoring system.

This study aims to determine the role of competitive advantage in mediating the relationship between the adoption of financial reporting standards and innovation on the business performance of SMEs in Pematangsiantar City. This study uses a research design with a quantitative approach to causality. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The sampling method used in this study is the convenience sampling method. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS).The data analysis test tool uses the statistical software Smartpls 3.0. The results showed that innovation and competitive advantage had a significant effect on business performance, the adoption of financial reporting standards on business performance obtained an insignificant impact. Whereasthe effect of the adoption of financial reporting standards on competitive advantage obtained significant results. Furthermore, the effect of innovation on competitive advantage obtained insignificant results. Then competitive advantage can mediate the relationship between the adoption of financial reporting standards on business performance. Furthermore, the competitive advantage variable is not able to mediate the relationship between innovation and business performance.

Microbes such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) can easily contaminate raw chicken meat in clean conditions, causing decay and unpleasant scents. This study aims to characterize gas patterns by comparing fresh chicken meat and E. coli bacteria contaminated chicken meat based on shelf life using a Gas Sensor Array (GSA) system (MQ2, MQ3, MQ7, MQ8, MQ135, and MQ136) on electronic nose. The findings revealed GSA capability to detect a variety of typical gas patterns formed by the samples. This gas detection property is indicated by the appearance of the variance in the sensors output voltage pattern for each sample variation. The data for fresh and contaminated samples were classified by the random forest (RF) classifier with 99.25% and 98.42% precision, respectively. Furthermore, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier correctly identified the fresh and contaminated samples with 98.61% and 86.66% accuracy, respectively. This finding offers insight for GSA capability in classifying chicken meat contaminated with E. coli using an RF and SVM.

Microalgae are a group of micro-sized photosynthetic organisms that range from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae. Microalgae are widely used as a source of natural food, cosmetic ingredients, food ingredients, and a source of pigments. This study aims to identify species of four microalgae isolates named B1, B2, B3, and S2 from Bangkalan Mangrove Waters and Sowan Tuban Northern Waters, and to determine their astaxanthin pigment concentration under 1 M NaCl. Species identification was carried out through a molecular approach by utilization of an 18S rRNA gene marker. A quantitative test of astaxanthin concentration was carried out by spectrophotometric analysis. Molecular identification results show that isolates B1 and B3 are closely related to Chlorella sp., while isolates B2 and S2 are closely related to Picochlorum maculatum. Moreover, under salinity stress condition of 1 M NaCl shown a significant decrement of astaxanthin production compared to the control treatment. At 1 M NaCl, the astaxanthin content of isolate B1 was 4x10-5 mgL-1, isolate B2 was 2x10-5 mgL-1, isolate B3 was 1x10-5 mgL-1, and isolate S2 was 6x10-6 mgL-1. All in all, isolate S2 has the highest astaxanthin among the other isolates at normal conditions, while under salt stress regime, isolate B1 shown to be the best source for astaxanthin.

Abstract: Indonesia has the second largest tropical forest and the richest in flora biodiversity in the world. Based on the Basic Health Research 2010, 59.29% of Indonesian had consumed herbal medicine, noted that Indonesian had consumed herb since the VIII century. Dayak onion (Eleutherine sp) widely used as traditional medicine, as a bahimang /wound healing agent. Dayak onion is not reassured as a medical treatment and lacked scientific evidence. Until 2018, thousands of herbs consumed by Indonesian, only 85 ingredients clinically tested. Sixty-four herbs have been pre-clinically tested and designated as Scientific based Herbal Medicines/Obat Herbal Terstandar (OHT) and 21 herbs have been tested clinically and determined as Phytopharmaca by the Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM-RI). Based on the data, the Dayak onion appointed as a Scientific based Herbal medicine (OHT) based on pre-clinical and phase 0 clinical research. Potential and promising for the treatment of metabolic, degenerative, catastrophic, neoplasmic, genetic and infectious diseases, Dayak onions can be developed into phytopharmaca in the future. The study aim is to make guidelines for the standardized herbal medicines development according to the rules and regulations. Keywords: Dayak Onion, Eleutherine sp, Scientific based Herbal Medicines, Phytopharmaca, Pre Clinic and Clinical Trials phases

This study was to evaluate the effect of plant media variation, time of fertilization, and combination of both on the growth of orchid plant Dendrobium sylvanum Rchb. f. in acclimatization phase. This study was designed using 6x4 factorial experimentation. The first factor was the variation of plant media: charcoals, coconut husk, bagasse, mixing of charcoal and coconut husk, combination of charcoal and bagasse, combination of coconut husk and bagasse. The second factor was fertilization time: no fertilization, 7 day-fertilization, 14 day-fertilization, and 20 day-fertilization for three months. The data were analysed by using Two Way MANOVA (α = 5%) and Duncan test. Based on the results, there were differences between media variation and fertilization time on the increase of leaf length and width, stem diameter, and root length of Dendrobium orchid in acclimatization phase. Combination of bagasse and coconut husk media showed the best result on media treatment. The best of fertilization time was 14 days. Moreover, the best of interaction between media and fertilization time showed by the combination of bagasse and coconut husk with 14 days-fertilization.

Coffea liberica is a variety of coffee that tolerant to marginal land, especially peatlands. One of propagation methods in C. liberica is somatic embryogenesis (SE) which producing large number of true-to-type plant seedlings in a short time. This research aimed at studying the effect of application of plant growth regulator (PGR) on quality and weight of somatic embryo of C. liberica. Somatic embryo in development stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin as benzyl amino purin (BAP) and auxin as 2,4-dichlorophe-noxyacetic acid (2,4-D). While cotyledonary embryo in germination stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin (BAP) and auxins as 2,4-D, indole acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the application of auxins and cytokinins on development stage affected the formation of embryos, texture of calli, color of calli and embryos, and weight of somatic embryo. It also influenced the shoot and root formation, color and weight of geminating embryos of C. liberica at the germinating stage. During the development stage, addition of 1 mg/L BAP in the absence of 2,4-D in MS medium produced the highest quality of somatic embryo of C. liberica. This medium also produced heaviest somatic embryos but with lighter callus. While in germination stage, all medium treatments produced a typical germinating embryo. Coffea liberica germinating embryo growth optimally on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BAP as a single chemical or 0.5 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/L IAA for shooting development. Whereas on rooting development, addition of 0.5 mg/L NAA on MS medium produced an optimal germinating embryo. Moreover, germination embryo of C. liberica recorded the highest in terms of dry weight on MS media with addition of 0.5 mg/L BAP. Application of appropriate concentration of auxin and cytokinin is needed to support the formation of somatic embryo and germinating embryo.

Reutealis trisperma oil is a new source for biodiesel production. The predominant fatty acids in this plant are stearic acid (9%), palmitic acid (10%), oleic acid (12%), linoleic acid (19%), and α-eleostearic acid (51%). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and α-eleostearic acid decreases the oxidation stability of R. trisperma biodiesel. Although several studies have suggested that the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzyme is involved in the regulation of fatty acid desaturation, little is known about the genetic information of FAD2 in R. trisperma . The objectives of this study were to isolate, characterize, and determine the relationship between the R. trisperma FAD2 fragment and other Euphorbiaceae plants. cDNA fragments were isolated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence obtained by sequencing was used for further analysis. In silico analysis identified the fragment identity, subcellular localization, and phylogenetic construction of the R. trisperma FAD2 cDNA fragment and Euphorbiaceae. The results showed that a 923-bp partial sequence of R. trisperma FAD2 was successfully isolated. Based on in silico analysis, FAD2 was predicted to encode 260 amino acids, had a domain similarity with Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The R. trisperma FAD2 fragment was more closely related to Vernicia fordii (HM755946.1).