1. Dietary and Complementary Feeding Practices of US Infants, 6 to 12 Months: A Narrative Review of the Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data.
- Author
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Bailey, Regan, Stang, Jaime, Davis, Teresa, Naimi, Timothy, Schneeman, Barbara, Dewey, Kathryn, Donovan, Sharon, Novotny, Rachel, Kleinman, Ronald, Taveras, Elsie, Bazzano, Lydia, Snetselaar, Linda, de Jesus, Janet, Casavale, Kellie, Stoody, Eve, Goldman, Joseph, Moshfegh, Alanna, Rhodes, Donna, Herrick, Kirsten, Koegel, Kristin, Perrine, Cria, and Pannucci, TusaRebecca
- Subjects
Birth to 24 months ,Breastfeeding ,Complementary feeding ,Dietary guidelines ,Nutrition policy ,Pediatrics ,Infant ,Female ,Animals ,Cattle ,Humans ,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Feeding Behavior ,Diet ,Infant Formula ,Milk ,Human - Abstract
Complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) are key components of an infants diet in the second 6 months of life. This article summarizes nutrition and feeding practices examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees during the CFB life stage. Breastfeeding initiation is high (84%), but exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (26%) is below the Healthy People 2030 goal (42%). Most infants (51%) are introduced to CFBs sometime before 6 months. The primary mode of feeding (ie, human milk fed [HMF]; infant formula or mixed formula and human milk fed [FMF]) at the initiation of CFBs is associated with the timing of introduction and types of CFBs reported. FMF infants (42%) are more likely to be introduced to CFBs before 4 months compared with HMF infants (19%). Different dietary patterns, such as higher prevalence of consumption and mean amounts, were observed, including fruit, grains, dairy, proteins, and solid fats. Compared with HMF infants of the same age, FMF infants consume more total energy (845 vs 631 kcal) and protein (22 vs 12 g) from all sources, and more energy (345 vs 204 kcal) and protein (11 vs 6 g) from CFBs alone. HMF infants have a higher prevalence of risk of inadequate intakes of iron (77% vs 7%), zinc (54% vs
- Published
- 2022