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MANY excellent articles1 have adequately described the entity of extradural hematoma of the cerebral convexity. The symptom complex, surgical experience and pathology have been so succinctly and frequently commented on as to make the lesion familiar to all who have a ready acquaintance with craniocerebral injuries. This acquaintance, however, is perhaps so intimate that the suspicion of an extradural lesion immediately calls to mind a rupture of the middle meningeal artery or of some of its radicles, to the exclusion of hematomas from other sources and at other intracranial locations so that emergency surgical treatment of these is possibly neglected.The following reports are of extradural hematomas, exclusively of the posterior fossa in 1 case and chiefly of the posterior fossa in the second. The literature on this entity is also summarized and an effort is made to find a common denominator in order to make clinicians more aware

On the basis of the concept of a unilateral cerebral dominance in man, Liepmann1 postulated that in right-handed persons the left hemisphere, by means of the corpus callosum, exercises a dominating influence on the right hemisphere. Liepmann and Maas2 concluded that involvement of the anterior portion of the corpus callosum produced "sympathetic" dyspraxia in the subordinate hand. According to Lange,3 apraxia or dyspraxia occurs most consistently after lesions of the corpus callosum or the gyrus supramarginalis of the dominant hemisphere. The studies of Baldy4 and Critchley5 on the syndrome of the anterior cerebral artery tend to substantiate the importance of the corpus callosum in the performance of purposeful and complex movements in the subordinate hand. Other investigators, such as Dandy,6 Foerster,7 Armitage and Meagher8 and Barré and associates,9 described cases of surgical section of the corpus callosum or destruction of this

The theory has long been held that the disordered wave of nerve impulses resulting in an epileptic seizure with loss of consciousness usually begins at one focal point and then spreads widely to other parts of the neopallial portion of the brain. When the spread is local, only local manifestations are experienced, such as flashes of light, hallucinations of sound, movement of muscles characterizing a "jacksonian attack," sensations of taste or smell and sensory changes, such as tingling and paresthesias. In instances in which the disordered spread of impulses is still wider, consciousness may be lost, tonic and clonic movements of both sides of the body may take place, sphincter control may be lost and various vasomotor changes be experienced and observed. As a rule, consciousness is not lost when the spread of the epileptic wave is not great or when it is limited to one cerebral cortex.The theory

The agreement which clinicians have recently reached regarding the diagnosis of vascular disturbances of the cord, especially of the anterior spinal artery, is paradoxically not reflected in their accounts of the vascular anatomic relations of the cord. The authors of popular textbooks of neuropathology1 and those2 of papers in which cases of disease of the anterior spinal artery are reported have differed almost to a man in their conception of the underlying anatomic structure.In this issue Suh and Alexander3 give a comprehensive account of the surface vascular anatomic pattern of the spinal cord and an implication of the damage which may be expected in pathologic conditions of the several major vessels mentioned.The present paper concerns itself with the intrinsic vascular anatomic relations of the human spinal cord in an effort to introduce unity into the ideas concerned particularly with the branches of the so-called anterior

A previous study1 of this series showed that right-handed stutterers differed strikingly from right-handed normal speakers in the precedence of the action currents in the forearms during simultaneous voluntary flexion of the digits. These observations led us to make a study of the time of initiation of simultaneous antitropic movements of the hands in the two groups. We attempted to determine whether both hands start to move at exactly the same instant when the subject attempts to move them at the same time but in opposite directions. This apposition of direction was chosen in order to make use of the similarity of opposite movements which results from strict antitropism, that is, right and left pairing of the neuromuscular mechanisms. TECHNIC To record the movements of the two hands, we used a high speed kymograph. The drum revolved about a horizontal axis and carried a paper 8 feet (243.86 cm.)

Papilloma of the choroid plexus is a rare tumor; no single author's published experience encompasses more than 12 instances. For this reason alone it seems justifiable to collect the isolated reports, since the frequency of diagnosis and surgical treatment of tumors of the brain is ever increasing and since there are few persons with a neurosurgical or neuropathologic experience extending over a period of five years who have not had contact with at least 1 papilloma. This paper represents a collection of the 80 odd published case reports of papilloma of the choroid plexus, together with some emphasis on incidence, sites of origin, inferences as to growth characteristics, pathologic picture—with emphasis on the known seeding characteristic—and summarized surgical experience. INCIDENCE Cushing's series of 2,023 tumors of the brain contained 12 papillomas of the choroid plexus; Elsberg's series of 878 contained 2; Tooth's series of 258 contained 3, and Peers's series