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Bernard Shaw wrote about heroes and heroism (or bravery), as well as one of its antonyms, anti-heroism, and he created characters who exemplified and discussed them. The chief focus of this article is Arms and the Man and Saint Joan. In both plays and in Shaw's screenplays of them, he dramatizes characters' idealistic views of heroism as well as their heroism and anti-heroism in action. He also spoke of these subjects in his own person, notably in regard to World Wars I and II. Furthermore, in an important respect, Joan is the Sergius of the play named for her. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas "orientalism" describes how the West sees the East, "occidentalism" describes how the East sees the West. This paper presents two examples of occidentalism from Vietnam in the 1920s: a pamphlet that praises American civilization through a comparison of Europe and America, and an essay that praises American heroism through the story of George Washington. Far from venerating the "West" at the expense of their own "Eastern" values, I show how the authors construct essentialist claims about America through a native lens—a lens that praises both Eastern Confucian values and Western "liberal" values—for strategic, anticolonial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has always been something of the monster baked into the comic book superhero's DNA. Whether it pertains to the reality-bending powers of superhero soaring through the air, seeing through walls, setting her body aflame or altering her size, or by the more Gothic literary antecedents and 'science gone amok' themes constitutive of their origin stories, the comic book superhero treads a fine line between saviour and monster, as often evinced in the oscillating reactions of approbation and fear displayed by the diegetic public's reaction to them. Marvel Zombies, Marvel Comics' commercially successful depiction of its beloved superheroes as ravenous, flesh-eating cannibals, expresses one of the more recent and unsettling throwbacks to the monstrous origins and nature of the Marvel superhero. Employing Jeffrey Jerome Cohen's methodology of reading culture from the figure of the monster, this article proposes to explore Marvel Zombies as an indictment and parodic criticism of the Marvel Superhero. Just as the double is, per Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, an uncanny reminder of repressed truths and desires, so too does the decaying Marvel Zombie function as the uncanny doppelganger of the Marvel superhero, revealing the stagnant character development at its rotten core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heroism serves as the banner showcasing the sublime spirit of the Chinese nation, and constructing a societal identity rooted in heroism is a crucial reference for the successful continuation of heroism in the new era. Moreover, media consumption plays a pivotal role in influencing public identification with heroism. From the perspective of cultivation theory, this study surveyed 511 respondents nationwide, utilizing quantitative measurements and empirical analysis through linear regression equations. The results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the media usage of the Chinese public and their social identification with heroism, impacting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions differently. Additionally, traditional media is the main force in shaping this identification. Concurrently, there are evident generational differences in the public's heroic social identity, with the memory of heroes in the new media era showing a trend of "intergenerational decline." Future research should explore how to effectively use media to transmit the spirit of heroism and promote value integration. This includes optimizing media content, formats, and communication strategies to meet the needs of different audiences and enhancing the public's deep understanding and recognition of heroism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines humanist anecdotes about the turbulent times of the mid-twentieth century by F. C. Weiskopf and Lenka Reinerová. It provides a comparative reading of Weiskopf's Elend und Größe unserer Tage. Anekdoten 1933–1947 (1950) and Reinerová's "Tragischer Irrtum und richtige Diagnose" (published in Mandelduft, 1998). The anecdotal form of these texts harks back to the popular Enlightenment (Volksaufklärung) anecdotes of Heinrich von Kleist and Johann Peter Hebel, published in 1810–1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. The anecdote as a literary form is particularly well suited to the representation of wartime and political repression. While Weiskopf's anecdotes explore cruelty and heroism under the Nazi dictatorship, Reinerová's autobiographical text juxtaposes crisis points in her own life—her time as a political prisoner in France in 1939 and in Czechoslovakia in 1952–1953; her return to Prague as her family's sole survivor; and her periodic cancer treatment from 1948 onwards. Reinerová describes how the kindness of ordinary people, and her own optimism and resilience, helped her through the worst times. Her lived experience gives her authority as a storyteller in Walter Benjamin's sense. Both authors contrast human extremes—the good and the bad—yet both remain optimistic about the human capacity for good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the focus is on the intentions of the author, to place the reality of children's and youth heroes in the center of attention. This means that the topic of the child and the young person in the family is related to the way of presenting the historical and social reality in a twofold way: the abilities of the child and the young child for reality become measuring instruments for the evaluation of the reality in general, the responsible bearers of which are the adults, who on their part, for the above reasons, they are always characterized in the context of the family, as well as the level of reality, with which she presents the family and the characters in it. The analysis showed that through the entire rich creation, the theme of the family, and thus the theme of the fate of the child in the family context, is not just one theme among others, but has a central importance. It implies that this central theme is the fundamental dimension in the horizon of our author and her thematic fields. This hermeneutic-literary research is based exclusively on text analysis and our interpretation of realism in some of the most important works of Christine Nöstlinger. In this paper, the analysis is limited to psychological and sociological aspects of the research. The purpose of this paper is to detect, unmask and present the horizon of the author about the image of the family primarily from a sociological, psychological and ethical aspect. The research of the most significant works of the Austrian author of literature for children and youth, Christine Nöstlinger, explicitly shows how her work moves from the negative reality, through the positive utopian with the alternative space and with the return to realism, with a new goal of therapy to create a better reality. In order to create that better reality, children and youth are needed, who in the course of the narrated story get a chance to prepare for an existence as optimally socialized, i.e. emancipated, intellectually independent, humanely motivated towards others, open bearers of the future, but also in difficult situations capable of correct solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the International Arthurian Society is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parimēlaḻakar was a commentator and scholar who lived around the late thirteenth century CE and wrote commentaries on two major works of Tamil literature: the Paripāṭal and Tirukkuṟaḷ. While Parimēlaḻakar has been regarded as both a hero and a villain in Tamil literary history, this article argues that he is neither hero nor villain, but a capacious thinker who sought to harmonise the Sanskrit and Tamil literary traditions. First, the article shows that Parimēlaḻakar's Tirukkuṟaḷ commentary is a natural outgrowth of and response to the broad intellectual currents of his time, in which Tamil literary culture was deeply informed by Sanskrit. Second, the article examines Parimēlaḻakar alongside Paripperumāḷ, another Tirukkuṟaḷ commentator, to highlight the range of choices made by commentators in bridging the worlds of Sanskrit and Tamil during the first half of the second millennium. Ultimately, the article advocates on behalf of a more nuanced portrait of Parimēlaḻakar's legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores commemorative plaques at former fascist concentration camps in Italy, focusing on how they reflect the memory of the Holocaust. Using lexical analysis to rank word frequency, the study identifies four narrative modes: Culpabilisation, Heroisation, Victimisation, and Redemption. Before the establishment of Holocaust Remembrance Day in 2000, plaques predominantly highlighted the Italian Resistance against Nazis, with minimal acknowledgement of the Holocaust. Although there has been a shift towards recognising the Holocaust since Law 211, the Resistance narrative remains central. Fascism is rarely mentioned, indicating a tendency to downplay Italy's fascist past and its Nazi alliance. While these plaques meet legal requirements for remembrance, they often lack historical accuracy, focus on local events, and prioritise heroism over the recognition of atrocities and their perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFiguratively speaking, the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–22) stripped nations naked, exposing the bare structure of how nationalism, as the driving force behind the nation-states, operates on the ground. Based on a survey conducted in April 2021 in five countries (Sweden, Serbia, Germany, Ireland and England), we thematically analyze two open-ended questions on who should be remembered as the heroes and villains of the pandemic, demonstrating that people’s perception of COVID-19 is shaped and reimagined through the category of their own nation-state. Two main arguments are put forward: (1) the vast majority of answers show that heroes and villains are found in small group encounters; (2) yet in-group micro-solidarity is referential to the existing organizational and ideological power of the nation-state. We utilize the notion of “naked nations” to show that, in times of crisis, people’s selfhood is profoundly grounded in micro-solidarity encounters that are tightly linked to nation-states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recent movies remind us of the heroic work done long ago by rescuers of children and others who faced danger and suffering because of their minority status. One Life and Cabrini show how rescuers can create a new multicultural reality. The rescued are often relocated to new countries, where they face the challenge of coping with their difference. These two movies honor the heroism and dedication of the rescuers, but many others also deserve recognition. Rescue is only the beginning of the process of constructing a multicultural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jean Rhys's Good Morning, Midnight and Wide Sargasso Sea each create a liminal space wherein the traditional absurd in Camusian sense is both discernable and modified. While the male-female interactions in the novels correspond to the interactive nature of the moment of absurd recognition, the female characters of both novels manifest the same sense of lucidity and constant consciousness that constitutes the essence of absurd heroism. Thus, by casting female heroes as opposed to male ones, Rhys's aforementioned novels introduce the notion of gender and heterogeneity into the absurd. As such, Sisyphus's labor-ridden and mainly corporeal struggle, no longer the sole representative of the absurd, is counterpointed with that of female characters such as Sasha, Antoinette, Christophine, and Amelie whose absurd experiences are more Medusan than Sisyphean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hero and Leandro is one of the few fictional stories of the Greco-Latin tradition that, more than a myth, turns out to be a legend: a narrative that, by having concrete elements of time and space, is more credible for its readers or audience. than other types of stories. Although several Greek and Latin authors alluded to it, only three works properly addressed it in ancient times: in Latin, two of Ovid's Heroidas (XVIII y XIX); in Greek, an epilio written by Museo on the limits of Antiquity and the Byzantine Era. We will have to wait until the Renaissance for another great poet, Christopher Marlowe, undoubtedly inspired by the two of them, to undertake a new formal and original treatment of history. This article explores some textual features and problems of these three versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book searches on the drafting (known as Repartimiento) of indigenous people between 1878 and 1886. It invites the reader to rethink the construction of our Nation's historicity through a bottom-up approach, based on a strong consideration of the people in bottom position. From the perspective of microhistory, and with the concept of genre as a central analytical category, Pablo Daniel Arias presents the reconstruction of four biographies that take the reader not only into the particular experiences of certain individuals but also into the imaginaries of a time and a Nation. Here, the protagonists are not the big heroes or villains now in our national pantheon, and their stories are not related to great historic deeds. On the contrary, the book deals with three women's and an indigenous boy's courses from the moment of their forced drafting in the context of the euphemistic Desert Campaign up to their placement in Buenos Aires family homes or their recruitment in the Argentine Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with many popular texts promising templates for successful storytelling, The Writer's Journey claims that a singular story structure applies to all voices and circumstances, therefore funnelling every character journey into a 'universal neutral'. This article offers queer temporality as a lens through which to unravel the 12 steps of Vogler's hero's journey, informed by queer theory's critiques of the 8 steps of the heteronormative life journey. It joins other studies critiquing the paradigm from other standpoints, including Indigenous screen storytelling, gaming and interactive narratives, and for development of characters disenfranchised by gender and/or circumstance. Others note the model's increasing irrelevance as writers uncover its limitations for creative processes of story development. This article homes in on how studies of queer temporalities – rejecting 'dominant temporal logics' and 'chrononormativity', replacing 'straight time' with 'queer time', can further destabilise the hero's journey's dominance in story development by exploring the breadth of practices in creative writing and screen production beyond the universalising models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers how the prolonged immersive storytelling experiences that theme parks provide have developed over time, with a particular focus on the role the individual guest can choose to take. Using examples from the Star Wars Intellectual Property developed for Disney Parks, and specifically Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser (an extended three-day/two-night immersive experience), I consider how the role and agency of the individual participant/guest has changed over time and opened up from rather passive, to much more engaged. I argue that recent developments in theme park land, attraction and experience design (including extensions made possible by digital media) have opened up different structures in the narrative, allowing guests the option to become protagonists in a story they have agency over. This significantly extends the notion of the templated 'hero' Joseph Campbell introduced as part of his hero's journey framework and makes way for the guest as immersive protagonist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing Schiller and Kleist, this article deals with a new pattern of movement that dynamizes dramatic action at the end of the eighteenth century. In Schiller's tragedies, stage directions call for physical performances that both accelerate and interrupt the tragic course. More specifically, they unfold the tension between leaping and falling and explore the relationship between the concept of life and tragic downfall. Drawn to their tragic fates, Schiller's heroes at the same time "jump up" and show a resiliency and elasticity that at least potentially escapes the tragic script. In Kleist, too, falling and leaping shape human destiny. But while in Schiller leaps and falls are opposed to each other, Kleist blends them into a single downward movement onto the stage of life, a movement that precedes dramatic action and defines our being in the world right from the start. Only in Penthesilea do leaping and jumping resist tragic forces and show that in the face of tragedy, creation continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a hero is lost to history, it matters that his work and name should be discussed. Such is the case for Janusz Korczak or Henryk Goldszmit, a courageous fighter for democracy in Poland during the first half of the 20th century. Korczak, the pen name he used for his writings, founded two orphanages where he provided an environment for all the children that supported them as democratic citizens. He believed that youth had value and the opportunities he provided were consistent with that belief. This piece begins to share how he established principles and put them into successful effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Laboratorio is the property of Universidad Diego Portales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Criminology have long celebrated the lone hero researcher. Doing and writing up research in solitude has been the key to academic success and institutional promotions. However, the social sciences in general have increasingly moved towards more collaborative ways of doing research, and co-authorship has become more common. In this study, we summarize and discuss the pros and cons of working in teams when doing qualitative research. Drawing upon our own experiences from Mexico and Norway, we argue for a radical approach to team research and co-authorship, which we describe as team writing. Most importantly, we suggest opening up to include stakeholders and community partners, thus challenging the borders between researchers and those researched. This is arguably particularly important for research done in the academic, geographical and topical periphery of criminology. Team research and writing answers some of the critique of power inequality, representativity and lack of diversity in contemporary academic research. We also believe that team research, and writing, can make criminological research more multifaceted, reflexive, and thus better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analytical autoethnography offers a comprehensive and insightful exploration of the researcher's academic odyssey by drawing parallels between their personal experiences and Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey archetype. Adopting Anderson's analytical autoethnographic approach, the researcher assumed the role of a complete member of the Doctor of Education (EdD) program, engaging in analytical reflexivity to develop a theoretical understanding of their academic journey. Through systematic data collection and introspective analysis, the study uncovers thematic threads and arcs of growth that resonate with the monomythic narrative archetype. The research incorporates a comparative examination with Campbell's Hero's Journey, providing a structured framework for organizing and analyzing the autoethnographic data. This framework reveals potential connections and emergent themes throughout the doctoral pursuit. Concurrent data analysis involving reflective journals, coursework materials, social media dialogues, and communications with cohort members allows for a comprehensive exploration of the researcher's personal experiences. The analytical layered-account autoethnographic data analysis illuminates the relationship between the researcher's academic journey and the theoretical framework, elucidating the significance and relevance of their experiences within the broader context of the monomythic narrative archetype. As a result, the autoethnographic account provides a comprehensive and thought-provoking narrative of the researcher's transformative doctoral odyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay critically analyzes how Disney's animated film Frozen II responds to the current landscape of multicultural liberal feminism by emphasizing white women's self-discovery as a principal means to resist colonial amnesia and advance an anti-racist agenda. Drawing upon scholarship about the anti-racist white-hero movie subgenre, we argue that this turn toward consciousness demonstrates an emerging mode of strategic whiteness in popular culture that we refer to as neocolonial white feminism. This form of feminism ultimately serves structures of white supremacy and undermines Indigenous sovereignty by centering white intrapersonal experience as sine qua non for advancing decolonial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Slavic Studies is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers the role heroes play in the procreative realm, which has long been studied in terms of women’s roles. Drawing on recent work on infertile heroes, this paper considers the hero who seeks his own infertility. In Jessica Scott’s short story, “Anything for You” (2013), readers are (re)introduced to Sergeant First Class Shane Garrison, who has been recovering from injuries, and Jen, a breast cancer survivor. The two do not need to fall in love in the story because this has already happened in the novel, Because of You (2018 [2011])—the first novel in the Coming Home series—and so it focuses on a particular facet of their relationship, namely, Shane’s fear that Jen’s breast cancer will come back. As the description of the book reads, “as their loves grows, so does the risk of Jen’s life. And Shane must make the toughest decision any man can make to save the woman he loves.” The “toughest decision” that Shane must make is about their future together as a couple, and more particularly, vasectomy as a safeguard to protecting her. He fears that if she becomes pregnant, she will once more endure cancer. In this essay, I consider how masculinity and vasectomy intersect in the construction of heroic masculinity in the popular romance novel. Finally, I provide brief observations about popular romance novels in the post-Dobbs Era, recalling that Justice Thomas specifically set his sight on Griswold v. Connecticut, which afforded married couples the right to contraceptives, a case that informed the expansion of access to them. The goal of this paper is to think carefully and critically about the roles men, and more particularly heroes, play in the procreative realm.

This thematic issue of Politics and Governance offers a collection of unique articles that debate Indonesian "heroes" and "villains," providing an understanding of the country's past and present. The importance of Indonesia in the world is ever-increasing geopolitically and economically, offering rich material for academic studies. It is one of the few Muslim-majority democracies, with a long and complex history of people and institutions that have shaped its national identity, politics, government, law, and security, which we examine under the central theme of agents of change and integration. The articles cover local histories prior to independence in 1945 to the present day, the legacy of President Abdurrahman Wahid (1999-2001), a biography of a prominent Muslim activist turned terrorist, women's agency in terrorism, as well efforts to reform terrorists. Discussions on the problematic aspects of the Indonesian state ideology Pancasila and the downgrading of Indonesia's Corruption Eradication Commission are also examined. Realpolitik is covered in the article concerning Indonesia's maritime security and in the article discussing activists who died fighting for democratic freedoms, such as Indonesian poet-activist Wiji Thukul, as unofficial heroes of the reform movement (reformasi), which toppled the Soeharto "New Order" regime (1966-1998), leading to the democracy that Indonesia enjoys today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns Indonesian heroes, traitors, and villains from different regions and eras. The factors influencing the categorisation of individuals as heroes or villains are examined. Examples include regional leaders who opposed the Dutch East India Company or collaborated with it. Similar cases are examined from the period of the Netherlands Indies colonial state. Also discussed are nationalists who were members of the Indonesian Communist Party, and people now deemed heroes who collaborated with the Japanese during the Second World War. Next for consideration are individuals involved in Confrontation with Malaysia and the occupation of East Timor. The last cases come from the world of popular music and show how performers idolised by fans can be considered villains by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interprets, through Courtine's historical semiology in dialogue with discourse analysis, the technophilic discourse inscribed in MegaBeast Investigator Jaspion. The Metal hero series, of which Jaspion is a part, establishes an alliance between the technological body and the defense of the democratic State. This alliance is established in opposition to that constituted by the monstrous body and the imperial State. For the latter, we diagnosed technophobia - technology obliterated in the monster's body - and, for the first one, technophilia - power and efficiency in the hero's technological body. The question is: "How does the technophilic discourse operate, in productions like Jaspion, the negativization of the monstrous body and the positivization of the superhero's body?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to present the role and significance of Hesiod's poetry for the formation and development of the moral canon and the moral-philosophical thought of ancient Greece. For this purpose, the text traces and analyzes various biographical information, comments and evaluations about Hesiod's life and work. Special attention is given to the uses and meanings of the world ethos by Homer and Hesiod and their evolution under the influence of Hesiod's moral maxims (gnomes) in „Wor s and Days “. The ain conclusion is that Hesiod's individualized, systematic and rational reading of archaic myths played a decisive role in the transition from myth to logos and the formation of the moralphilosophical views of ancient Greece about the happy life, the good person and the ideal state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 Bible Society New Zealand's translation of sample biblical passages into the Māori language, He Tīmatanga, caused controversy by incorporating names of Māori gods. Those who objected typically assumed inconsistency with the Bible's purported monotheism. But 'monotheism', in the sense that only one god exists, is not present in the Bible. Moreover, missionary adherence to monotheism in the mid-nineteenth century widely assumed a 'degeneration model' that also promoted European religious, moral, and cultural superiority. This article adopts a hermeneutical strategy to counter monotheistic misreadings of the Bible, and their racist effects, by reading Māori stories of the ancient divine hero Tāwhaki alongside the ancient divine heroes who feature in Gen 6:1–4's account of the Nephilim. First, the comparison provides resources for the translation of Gen 6:1–4 into the Māori language and worldview. Second, the Tāwhaki narratives stimulate a reappraisal of longstanding problems in the interpretation of Gen 6:1–4, especially the meaning of the phrase "the sons of the gods". Supported by analysis also of the Sumerian King List, this article argues that all three major interpretations of "the sons of the gods" are fundamentally consistent: they are gods, elite human rulers, and also Sethites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on contingency and upper echelon theories, this study conceptualizes family firm CEO succession as a special window of opportunity for the new generation to reinvent and rejuvenate the firm and restore the environment-organization fit that had often deteriorated pre-succession. We argue that CEO-related human capital enables successors to identify and amend misfits, allowing them to re-chart an organization's course to enhanced performance, especially when the misfit is marked by a turnaround situation. Based on a quantitative analysis of 804 German firms and 31 qualitative interviews, we find support for these coherences and contribute to contingency and upper echelon theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new film adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune explores the theme of heroes' control over their fate. Set in a future world with a feudal political system and advanced technology, the story follows Paul Atreides, who is destined for destruction. The film adaptation by Denis Villeneuve stays true to the original story and effectively captures the themes and characters. It showcases Villeneuve's visual world-building skills and makes changes to streamline the plot without altering its essence. While the film distinguishes between "good guys" and "bad guys," it deviates from the novel by giving Paul a choice in embracing his role as the messiah. The character of Chani challenges prophecies and believes in equality among the Fremen. However, some questions remain unanswered, leaving room for potential sequels to reveal the filmmaker's true intentions. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the perception of Elvis Presley in his later years as a performer and his enduring appeal among working-class fans. Topics include the negative views of critics and academics on late Elvis, the depiction of his laborious performances, and his identification with working-class values and struggles.

The dichromatic number of a digraph is the minimum size of a partition of its vertices into acyclic induced subgraphs. Given a class of digraphs C ${\mathscr{C}}$, a digraph H $H$ is a hero in C ${\mathscr{C}}$ if H $H$‐free digraphs of C ${\mathscr{C}}$ have bounded dichromatic number. In a seminal paper, Berger et al. give a simple characterisation of all heroes in tournaments. In this paper, we give a simple proof that heroes in quasitransitive oriented graphs (that are digraphs with no induced directed path on three vertices) are the same as heroes in tournaments. We also prove that it is not the case in the class of oriented multipartite graphs, disproving a conjecture of Aboulker, Charbit and Naserasr, and give a characterisation of heroes in oriented complete multipartite graphs up to the status of a single tournament on six vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the issue of heroism as a sufficient condition for the acquisition of citizenship. I define heroism as exceptional, supererogatory, and risky acts of altruism and heroic citizenship as the reward for a heroic action carried out by a non-citizen resident of membership rights. I mobilize in particular the case of Mamoudou Gassama, 'the Spiderman of Paris', who was naturalized by the French President in 2018 after saving a child. While such positive outcomes for people in precarious legal and political situations are valuable, I provide a critical analysis of the ideological scaffolding and political meaning of heroic citizenship, i.e. how it is publicly justified and practiced. I argue that heroic citizenship constitutes a fiat of citizenship that reproduces a problematic picture of citizenship, relying on three ideological tropes: nationalism, sovereigntism, and moralism. Heroic citizenship represents the other side of a broader policy trend that has transformed citizenship into a privilege to earn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Research paper examines how Tolkien's novels, "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings," incorporate labyrinthine elements into their fictional worlds. In these literary works, events primarily unfold in open landscapes, but there are elements that evoke complex and dangerous mazes, where certain heroes assume roles similar to that of Theseus. Thus, this analysis explores the representations of the Labyrinth myth through Tolkien's writing, highlighting both the similarities and differences between these structures in the two contexts, while emphasizing the symbolism of the subterranean world, akin to a cave, as a site of transformation where heroes emerge metamorphosed, invoking both death and rebirth. The paper suggests the use of mythocriticism to analyze the reiterations and variations of Labyrinth mythemes in these novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to heroes and villains via media may influence individuals’ behavioural characteristics, but little is known about its effects on the developmental process. Especially, it is unclear whether preferences for heroes or villains are associated with behavioural characteristics in preschoolers, when exposure to TV rapidly increases. We categorised children aged 3–6 years (N = 200) into three groups—hero preference, villain preference, and equal preference– based on their preference for popular Japanese media characters. We compared the groups’ persistence, prosociality, and empathy through a cross-sectional study, which revealed that children in the hero group exhibited higher levels of persistence and prosociality than children in the villain group. Furthermore, children in the villain group displayed greater total difficulties and lower persistence than children in the hero and equal groups. This suggests that preschoolers’ behavioural characteristics differ depending on their preferences. Children who liked justice heroes tended to exhibit behavioural traits that were considered socially good. In contrast, children who liked villains tended to exhibit behavioural traits that were considered socially bad. The possible influence of media characters on children’s behavioural characteristics is discussed from the perspective of behavioural modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Africanisation of Christianity in Africa is closely linked to the availability of the Bible in African mother tongues. However, mission-led Bible translation in Africa in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was not solely the work of European missionary linguists. Africans, such as Ludwig Adzaklo of the Bremen Mission, played essential roles in this process. Nevertheless, African translators like him were considered as mere Sprachgehilfe (language assistants) to the missionaries and not as co-translators. After a postcolonial analysis of archival data on the translation of the Old Testament into Ewe by Ludwig Adzaklo and Jakob Spieth, this study argues that Adzaklo was not just Spieth's Sprachgehilfe but a co-translator on the project. Being referred to as Spieth's Sprachgehilfe was a colonial-missionary label that denied Adzaklo's agency in mission-led Bible translation in Africa. Therefore, the study suggests that Adzaklo should be viewed as an early Ewe mother-tongue Bible translator in the history of West African Christianity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romanian historiography, few specialists have investigated Iancu's life after 1852. Even Silviu Dragomir, in his 1924 monograph, went only as far as the year 1852 with his research. In time, however, two points of view emerged about Iancu's last years (between 1852, when the emperor visited the Apuseni Mountains, and 1872, when Iancu died). For Silviu Dragomir, the behaviour of the leader of the Motzen after 1852 can be explained by a neuro-psychic disease caused by the pressure experienced during the Revolution, the great responsibilities he took, and the treatment of the Motzen and their leaders by the Austrians after the Revolution. Most historians considered the refusal of the leader of the Motzen to meet the emperor the first sign of a mental disease, but there are also testimonies that rule out madness. It is our contention that Iancu's "disorders" from 1852 to 1872 which his contemporaries talk about are in fact more or less serious bouts of depression, lasting shorter or longer spans of time, and therefore to label Avram Iancu "a madman" nowadays, as well as in the past, is doing a huge injustice to the memory of an exemplary leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of anachronistic heroes in French comedy cinema and their relationship with work. The author examines three films: Mon Oncle, Populaire, and The Artist, and analyzes the characters Monsieur Hulot, Rose Pamphyle, and George Valentin. In Mon Oncle, Hulot's lack of gainful employment allows him to engage in positive social behavior and challenge the norms of capitalist society. In Populaire, Rose's pursuit of success in a male-dominated workplace is her form of after-work liberation. In The Artist, Valentin's unemployment leads to personal and financial ruin, highlighting the importance of work and collectivism. Overall, the article explores how these characters' statuses as heroes are impacted by their experiences of work and after-work. [Extracted from the article]