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"nBackground and Aim: The role of applying rotary instruments in reducing preparation time and proper root canal preparation have been approved in permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the rotary instruments (Hero642) and K-files in root canal preparation of primary molars. Time and canal transportation were compared. "nMaterials and Methods: In this experimental, invitro study, 30 human extracted primary molars with 8 mm length were selected and divided into two equal groups. After preparing access cavity, group 1was prepared by K-files and group 2 by Hero642 systems. Before canal preparation, with # 15 K-file and after canal preparation, with master apical file, canal curvature was evaluated by Weine technique using Radiovisiography. Apical transportation was calculated. Time taken for preparation was recorded by chronometer. The results were analyzed with T-test and Mann-Whitney. P