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PURPOSE: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and GC. METHODS: We pooled data from 11 population or hospital-based case-control studies included in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, for a total of 4865 histologically confirmed cases and 10,626 controls. Intake of dietary fibers and other dietary factors was collected using food frequency questionnaires. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between dietary fiber intake and GC by using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for study site, sex, age, caloric intake, smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, and socioeconomic status. We conducted stratified analyses by these factors, as well as GC anatomical site and histological type. RESULTS: The OR of GC for an increase of one quartile of fiber intake was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.97), that for the highest compared to the lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.88). Results were similar irrespective of anatomical site and histological type. CONCLUSION: Our analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary fiber intake may exert a protective effect on GC.

Introducción: La enfermedad de COVID-19 ha sido una de las pandemias más perjudiciales para la humanidad, por lo cual, garantizar la adherencia a medidas preventivas y de control es fundamental. Esta adherencia depende en gran medida de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) de la población frente al COVID-19. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas hacia la prevención de COVID-19 y sus factores asociados en Oaxaca, México. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico, en mayores de edad a través de una encuesta en línea sobre CAP. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, y chi cuadrada o exacta de Fisher para comparaciones categóricas. Se analizaron los factores asociados a un mayor nivel de CAP calculando OR´s a través de regresión logística. Resultados: En total 176 personas participaron, de los cuales 82,42% fueron mujeres y 81,83% fueron

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito incrementar la eficiencia energética en el transporte de fluidos en la industria niquelífera mediante su modelaje y la resolución de un problema de optimización, donde los factores analizados son: contenido de sólidos, granulometría, composición química y temperatura, debido al escaso conocimiento de cómo estas variables influyen sobre la eficiencia energética de dicho equipamiento. A partir de estudios experimentales y mediante procedimientos estadísticos y estimadores se modela el comportamiento de los parámetros reológicos en función de la temperatura, contenido de sólidos y composición química. Se observa que las hidromezclas lateríticas presentan propiedades plásticas ajustándose a un modelo de Herschel Bulkley para plásticos reales. A partir de una apropiada discretización del modelo del sistema de bombeo de pulpa cruda y de la aplicación del procedimiento de optimización combinatoria se obtuvieron los parámetros de explotación de este sistema.

En México, país con altas prevalencias infantiles de obesidad y síndrome metabólico, existen movimientos comunitarios marginales que buscan hacer efectivo el derecho a la salud de los niños. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias de participación social que tres comunidades escolares mexicanas de educación básica realizan para promover una alimentación nutritiva y adecuada en sus estudiantes, e identificar sus alcances y áreas de mejora. Se realizó un estudio comparativo en tres escuelas periurbanas del centro de México. Mediante testimonios obtenidos en entrevistas se reconstruye la microhistoria del servicio de alimentación escolar de cada escuela y sus características de operación. Se identificaron dos modelos de interacción con el gobierno a través del programa gubernamental de desayunos escolares. En el primero, de tipo vertical y gestionado por el gobierno, se logra garantizar disponibilidad y acceso a los alimentos nutritivos pero se exhibe una baja aceptación del alumnado debido a inadecuación cultural del menú y oferta alterna de alimentos hiper-palatables. En el segundo, la iniciativa de las comunidades escolares para participar en la elección de proveedores, alimentos y diseño del menú culturalmente adaptado, derivó en retiro del apoyo gubernamental; aunque profesorado y familias del alumnado han desarrollado capacidades para asumir con recursos propios el suministro de alimentos nutritivos y adecuados al alumnado. Esta capacidad de gestión, actitud entusiasta e independiente necesita reforzarse jurídicamente mediante leyes reglamentarias, para que el Estado asuma su responsabilidad de apoyarlas como está obligado constitucionalmente.

Introduction: The study aimed prevalence of primary and secondary headaches in children attending the Pain Clinic of Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of headaches in children at the Pain Clinic of the Hospital General de México. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational study of pediatric patients between 5 and 17 years old at the Pediatric Algology service with a headache from January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2017. They were included and classified according to the type of headache, age, and gender. Results: During the time of the study, 4281 consultations were obtained with 526 patients with headaches. Twenty-three percent had primary headaches, most frequently migraine-type (18.25%) and secondary (12.54%) with vascular headache as the most frequent. Not included in any of these categories were the remaining 63.88% as under study. After 13 years of age, the most affected gender was female. Conclusions: Headaches are one of the most common complaints, the most frequent is primary. Its prevalence varies greatly and increases throughout childhood.

Introduction: Pain is a very common symptom in children who have a complex, chronic, life-threatening or life-limiting disease, generating a negative impact on the quality of life of the child and his or her family. There is very limited evidence regarding end-stage symptoms in pediatric patients receiving palliative care; Baumann et al. described in 2021 the presence of pain in 56% of their terminally ill patients. So far, there have been no studies in Latin America on the prevalence of pain in the last weeks of life in pediatric patients. Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of pain in the past 2 weeks of life in children who died in the Hospital in the past 5 years. Materials: A retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study was carried out in which the records of patients over 1 month of age and under 18 years of age who died in hospital were included. Results: The records of 98 patients who died during their in-hospital stay were obtained, of which 52 reported the presence of pain in their past 2 weeks of life. Most of the patients were teenagers; oncological pathologies were the most frequent. In less than half of the patients, the use of a tool to assess the intensity of pain was reported, with the verbal numerical scale being the most used. Severe pain was reported in nearly half of the patients, and in a quarter of the children, its intensity was not described. About 71.2% of the children were managed with opioids (alone or in combination with other drugs). Only a third of the subjects were evaluated by the Algology service Pediatric. Conclusions: Timely identification and treatment of pain, especially in terminal phases, is essential to reduce the suffering and agony of these patients. To this end, its assessment by the Pediatric Algology service can favor comprehensive management and adequate control of the symptom.

En la actualidad, las investigaciones sobre proyecto de vida recaen, sobre todo, en las etapas de la adolescencia y la adultez mayor, dejando un vacío en la adultez joven. La presente investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, se trabajó con 13 personas que se dedican a la docencia e impartición de la asignatura de educación física en programas públicos de la Ciudad de México y en diferentes niveles educativos. La técnica fue una entrevista semiestructurada y el instrumento que se aplicó fue una guía de entrevista con base en las categorías: proyecto de vida, relaciones y desarrollo socioafectivo, metas y éxito. En los hallazgos, se identificó que las orientaciones de los proyectos de vida de las personas entrevistadas han sido instauradas y configuradas por las circunstancias vivenciales y por su contexto social, el cual ha permeado su estructura psicológica, pensamientos e ideales, sin embargo, no tienen estructurado ni escrito un proyecto de vida con objetivos concretos. El proyecto de vida no es un fin o medio para llegar a una meta, sino constituye una parte vital del ser humano.

The present research aims to select optimal areas for the installation of wind farms in the north-eastern part of Cuba. The research is based on the free software QGIS, Hierarchical Process Analysis, databases of the information of the alternatives and criteria and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which makes it possible to know the places where these farms will be installed. In addition, experts were consulted to obtain the weights or level of importance of the selected criteria, such as distance to ports, distances to common roads, distances to population centers, to electrical grids and finally the wind speed. As a result, a mathematical conceptual model was obtained for the selection of optimal zones for the installation of wind farms in the eastern north of Cuba, by means of the MCDM and GIS methods, where it was determined that, within the evaluated alternatives of wind farms, Gibara III is the optimal one. These models will allow the development of wind projects in the eastern region of Holguin, and to be able to manage human, financial and material resources.

IntroductionCOVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus notable for its rapid mutation rate, which has led to the emergence of various variants such as Delta and Omicron, each with potentially different levels of transmissibility and virulence. Therefore, this study aims to compare clinical charactheristics and markers associated with the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients from western Mexico who were infected with the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 66 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, diagnosed by RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified through whole genome sequencing using the COVIDseq platform from Illumina. Upon admission, patients underwent a clinical history assessment, blood gas analysis, and blood biometry. Additionally, several tests and markers were measured, including the percentage of neutralizing antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin.Results and discussionPatients hospitalized with the Omicron were found to be older, compared to those infected with the Delta (64 vs. 54 years, p = 0.006). Additionally, a higher proportion of male patients were observed in the Omicron compared to the Delta (p = 0.029). Both Omicron and Delta variants were associated with lymphopenia, although the lymphocyte count was lower in Omicron (0.9 vs. 0.56 10x3/L; p = 0.007). The COVID-GRAM scale indicated a high risk for severe disease in both groups, but the score was higher in Omicron compared to Delta (157 vs. 128 points; p = 0.0004). Patients infected with Omicron exhibited a lower percentage of neutralizing antibodies than those with Delta (35.99 vs. 81%; p < 0.05), regardless of their vaccination status. Among the markers assessed, globular ESR was found to be lower in Omicron compared to Delta (30.5 vs. 41.5 mm/h; p = 0.001), while ferritin levels were higher in patients infected with the Omicron (1,359 vs. 960.6 μg/L; p = 0.007). In patients with severe COVID-19, markers such as lymphopenia, neutralizing antibody levels, ferritin, and COVID-GRAM scores are elevated in the Omicron variant, while only the leukocyte count and ESR for the Delta variant.

BackgroundYoghurt can modify gastrointestinal disease risk, possibly acting on gut microbiota. Our study aimed at exploring the under-investigated association between yoghurt and gastric cancer (GC).MethodsWe pooled data from 16 studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total yoghurt intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires. We calculated study-specific odds ratios (ORs) of GC and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for increasing categories of yoghurt consumption using univariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. A two-stage analysis, with a meta-analysis of the pooled adjusted data, was conducted.ResultsThe analysis included 6278 GC cases and 14,181 controls, including 1179 cardia and 3463 non-cardia, 1191 diffuse and 1717 intestinal cases. The overall meta-analysis revealed no association between increasing portions of yoghurt intake (continuous) and GC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.02). When restricting to cohort studies, a borderline inverse relationship was found (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99). The adjusted and unadjusted OR were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.73-0.84) for any vs. no yoghurt consumption and GC risk. The OR for 1 category of increase in yoghurt intake was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.02) for cardia, 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.07) for non-cardia, 1.12 (95% CI = 1.07-1.19) for diffuse and 1.02 (95% CI = 0.97-1.06) for intestinal GC. No effect was seen within hospital-based and population-based studies, nor in men or women.ConclusionsWe found no association between yoghurt and GC in the main adjusted models, despite sensitivity analyses suggesting a protective effect. Additional studies should further address this association.

IntroductionSelf-medication is a prevalent behavior with significant health implications. Understanding its psychosocial determinants can inform preventative strategies and interventions.MethodsWe evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Medication Behavior Inventory (SMBI-9) in a binational study with 779 Colombian and Mexican participants. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with related inventories, and confirmatory factor analysis tested the proposed four-factor model.ResultsThe SMBI-9 demonstrated high model fit (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.991) and invariance across countries. The factors-Social Influence, Attitude toward Medicine, Avoidance, and Prevention-varied significantly with knowledge of medicine, schooling, health insurance status and gender, underscoring the role of social and personal beliefs in self-medication practices.DiscussionSMBI-9 emerged as a reliable tool for capturing the multifaceted nature of self-medication behaviors. Findings highlight the influence of social norms and personal attitudes, suggesting targeted approaches for behavioral interventions.

BackgroundEvidence from epidemiological studies on the role of tea drinking in gastric cancer risk remains inconsistent. We aimed to investigate and quantify the relationship between tea consumption and gastric cancer in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project consortium.MethodsA total of 9438 cases and 20,451 controls from 22 studies worldwide were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer for regular versus non-regular tea drinkers were estimated by one and two-stage modelling analyses, including terms for sex, age and the main recognised risk factors for gastric cancer.ResultsCompared to non-regular drinkers, the estimated adjusted pooled OR for regular tea drinkers was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97). When the amount of tea consumed was considered, the OR for consumption of 1-2 cups/day was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.94-1.09) and for >3 cups/day was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80-1.03). Stronger inverse associations emerged among regular drinkers in China and Japan (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.91) where green tea is consumed, in subjects with H. pylori infection (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58-0.80), and for gastric cardia cancer (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.84).ConclusionOur results indicate a weak inverse association between tea consumption and gastric cancer.

BackgroundThe causal pathway between high education and reduced risk of gastric cancer (GC) has not been explained. The study aimed at evaluating the mediating role of lifestyle factors on the relationship between education and GC METHODS: Ten studies with complete data on education and five lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, fruit and vegetable intake, processed meat intake and salt consumption) were selected from a consortium of studies on GC including 4349 GC cases and 8441 controls. We created an a priori score based on the five lifestyle factors, and we carried out a counterfactual-based mediation analysis to decompose the total effect of education on GC into natural direct effect and natural indirect effect mediated by the combined lifestyle factors. Effects were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with a low level of education as the reference category.ResultsThe natural direct and indirect effects of high versus low education were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62-0.77) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95-0.97), respectively, corresponding to a mediated percentage of 10.1% (95% CI: 7.1-15.4%). The mediation effect was limited to men.ConclusionsThe mediation effect of the combined lifestyle factors on the relationship between education and GC is modest. Other potential pathways explaining that relationship warrants further investigation.

Several studies with kaempferol (KP) and linearolactone (LL) have demonstrated their antiparasitic activity. However, the toxicity of these treatments is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of KP or LL on the amoebic liver abscess model (ALA) in Mesocricetus auratus. An ALA was induced in male hamsters with 1.5 × 105Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) trophozoites inoculated in the left hepatic lobe. The lesion evolved for 4 days, and then KP (5 mg/kg body weight/day) or LL (10 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered for 4 consecutive days. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), paraclinical analyses, and necropsy for histopathological evaluation were performed. There was similar ALA inhibition by KP (19.42%), LL (28.16%), and metronidazole, the antiamoebic control (20.87%) (p ≤ 0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). There were hepatic and renal biochemical alterations in all treatment groups, mainly for KP (aspartate aminotransferase: 347.5 ± 37.5 U/L; blood urea nitrogen: 19.4 ± 1.9 g/dL; p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Lesions found in the organs were directly linked to the pathology. In conclusion, KP and LL decreased ALA development and exerted fewer toxicological effects compared with metronidazole. Therefore, both compounds exhibit therapeutic potential as an alternative treatment of amoebiasis caused by E. histolytica. However, additional clinical studies in different contexts are required to reaffirm this assertion.

Recently, we published that the monoclonal antibody (D12 mAb) recognizes gp63 of L. mexicana, and it is responsible for COX activity. This D12 mAb exhibited cross-reactivity with Trypanosoma cruzi, Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba castellanii, and Naegleria fowleri. COX activity assays performed in these parasites suggested the potential presence of such enzymatic activity. In our investigation, we confirmed that wild-type recombinant gp63 exhibits COX-like activity, in contrast to a mutated recombinant gp63 variant. Consequently, our objective was to identify sequences orthologous to gp63 and subsequently analyze the binding of arachidonic acid (AA) to the putative active sites of these proteins. Given the absence of a crystallized structure for this protein in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), it was imperative to first obtain a three-dimensional structure by homology modeling, using leishmanolysin from Leishmania major (PDB ID: LML1) as a template in the Swiss model database. The results obtained through molecular docking simulations revealed the primary interactions of AA close to the Zinc atom present in the catalytic site of gp63-like molecules of several parasites, predominantly mediated by hydrogen bonds with HIS264, HIS268 and HIS334. Furthermore, COX activity was evaluated in commensal species such as E. dispar and during the encystment process of E. invadens.

This work focuses on the recovery of lead and silver from jarosite waste by a three-stage process: drying, roasting and reduction at 100 °C, 700 °C and 1400 °C, respectively. A flux mixture with 48 mass% CaO and 52% SiO2 was used for the reduction stage. A gas consisting of 70 vol% CO and 30 vol% CO2 was used as a reducing agent. To select the temperatures and the amount of flux and reducing agent, a characterization of the jarosite waste was carried out using thermogravimetry and high-temperature X-ray diffraction, as well as a thermodynamic study of the effects of the process parameters. The lead-rich metallic and slag phases were characterized by chemical analysis, SEM-EDS and XRD. In addition, the jarosite residue and the final slag were leached with an aqueous acetic acid solution to estimate their chemical stability. The results show a recovery of over 95% of the lead and silver and the formation of an environmentally friendly residual slag.

BackgroundThe role of allium vegetables on gastric cancer (GC) risk remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated whether higher intakes of allium vegetables reduce GC risk using individual participant data from 17 studies participating in the "Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project", including 6097 GC cases and 13,017 controls. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a two-stage modelling approach.ResultsTotal allium vegetables intake was inversely associated with GC risk. The pooled OR for the highest versus the lowest study-specific tertile of consumption was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.56-0.90), with substantial heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 50%). Pooled ORs for high versus low consumption were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.86) for onions and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.93) for garlic. The inverse association with allium vegetables was evident in Asian (OR 0.50, 95% CI, 0.29-0.86) but not European (OR 0.96, 95% CI, 0.81-1.13) and American (OR 0.66, 95% CI, 0.39-1.11) studies. Results were consistent across all other strata.ConclusionsIn a worldwide consortium of epidemiological studies, we found an inverse association between allium vegetables and GC, with a stronger association seen in Asian studies. The heterogeneity of results across geographic regions and possible residual confounding suggest caution in results interpretation.

Purpose: This article develops a review of the university social responsibility literature to identify the most influential countries, authors, journals, and institutions, their structure, and research lines. Design/methodology/approach: The review was carried out from a bibliometric and network analysis of documents published in the Web of Science database. Findings: In total, 192 documents were found that were scientifically mapped in this field. From the network analysis, four research perspectives were identified: strategic impact management policy, user and its stakeholders, service-learning and its contribution to user, and theories, approaches, and strategies of University Social Responsibility (USR). Finally, the agenda for future research are presented. Originality/value: The present work carries out a bibliometric and network analysis that seeks to contribute to the literature on USR, identifying its current perspectives and future lines of research.