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There is scarce evidence on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics that may explain adherence to different dietary patterns (DPs) during pregnancy. Our aims were to identify dietary patterns in a sample of pregnant Mexican women and to describe their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of 252 mothers of children that participated as controls in a hospital-based case-control study of childhood leukemia. We obtained parents' information about selected sociodemographic characteristics, as well as alcohol and tobacco consumption. We also obtained dietary information during pregnancy. We identified DPs using cluster and factor analyses and we estimated their association with characteristics of interest. We identified two DPs using cluster analysis, which we called "Prudent" and "Non healthy", as well as three DPs through factor analysis, namely "Prudent", "Processed foods and fish", and "Chicken and vegetables". Characteristics associated with greater adherence to "Prudent" patterns were maternal education, older paternal age, not smoking, and being a government employee and/or uncovered population. Likewise, the "Processed foods and fish" pattern was associated with greater maternal and paternal education, as well as those with less household overcrowding. We did not identify sociodemographic variables related to the "Chicken and Vegetables" pattern. Our results may be useful to identify target populations that may benefit from interventions aimed to improve individual dietary decisions during pregnancy.

Background: Childhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5-14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants., Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants., Results: The "Balanced & Vegetable-Rich" pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the "High Dairy & Cereals" Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2023 Muñoz-Aguirre, Denova-Gutiérrez, Pérez-Saldivar, Espinoza-Hernández, Dorantes-Acosta, Torres-Nava, Solís-Labastida, Paredes-Aguilera, Velázquez-Aviña, Espinosa-Elizondo, Miranda-Madrazo, González-Ávila, Rodríguez-Villalobos, Dosta-Herrera, Mondragón-García, Castañeda-Echevarría, López-Caballero, Martínez-Silva, Rivera-González, Hernández-Pineda, Flores-Botello, Pérez-Gómez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Torres-Valle, Olvera-Durán, Martínez-Ríos, García-Cortés, Almeida-Hernández, Flores-Lujano, Núñez-Enriquez, Mata-Rocha, Rosas-Vargas, Duarte-Rodríguez, Jiménez-Morales, Mejía-Aranguré and López-Carrillo.)

Introduction: Maternal dietary consumption during pregnancy has been inconclusively associated with acute leukemia (AL) in infants, probably because epidemiological evidence has emerged mainly from the analysis of one-by-one nutrient, which is not a real-life scenario. Our objective was to evaluate the association between AL in Mexican children under 2 years of age and their mothers' nutrients concomitant intake during pregnancy, as well as to explore whether there are differences between girls and boys., Methods: We conducted a study of 110 cases of AL and 252 hospital-based controls in the Mexico City Metropolitan area from 2010 to 2019. We obtained information on maternal intake of 32 nutrients by a food frequency questionnaire and used weighted quantile sum regression to identify nutrient concomitant intakes., Results: We found a concomitant intake of nutrients negatively associated with AL (OR 0.17; CI95% 0.03,0.88) only among girls; and we did not find a nutrient concomitant intake positively associated with AL., Discussion: This is the first study that suggests nutrients that have been individually associated with AL are not necessarily the same in the presence of other nutrients (concomitant intake); as well as that maternal diet might reduce AL risk only in girls., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Mérida-Ortega, Pérez-Saldivar, Espinoza-Hernández, Dorantes-Acosta, Torres-Nava, Solís-Labastida, Paredes-Aguilera, Velázquez-Aviña, Espinosa-Elizondo, Miranda-Madrazo, González-Ávila, Rodríguez-Villalobos, Dosta-Herrera, Mondragón-García, Castañeda-Echevarría, López-Caballero, Martínez-Silva, Rivera-González, Hernández-Pineda, Flores-Botello, Pérez-Gómez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Torres-Valle, Olvera-Durán, Martínez-Ríos, García‐Cortés, Almeida-Hernández, Flores-Lujano, Núñez-Enríquez, Mata-Rocha, Rosas-Vargas, Duarte-Rodríguez, Jiménez-Morales, Mejía-Arangure and López-Carrillo.)

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature lymphocytes, in whose development involves both environmental and genetic factors. It is well known that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding and noncoding genes contribute to the susceptibility to ALL. This study aims to determine whether SNPs in miR-146a , miR-196a-2 , miR-499a , and miR-612 genes are associated with the risk to ALL in pediatric Mexican population., Methods: A multicenter case-control study was carried out including patients with de novo diagnosis of ALL and healthy subjects as control group. The DNA samples were obtained from saliva and peripheral blood, and the genotyping of rs2910164, rs12803915, rs11614913, and rs3746444 was performed using the 5'exonuclease technique. Gene-gene interaction was evaluated by the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software., Results: miR-499a rs3746444 showed significant differences among cases and controls. The rs3746444G allele was found as a risk factor to ALL (OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.05-2.5]; p = 0.028). The homozygous GG genotype of rs3746444 confers higher risk to ALL than the AA genotype (OR, 5.3 [95% CI, 1.23-23.4]; p = 0.01). Moreover, GG genotype highly increases the risk to ALL in male group (OR, 17.6 [95% CI, 1.04-298.9]; p = 0.00393). In addition, an association in a gender-dependent manner among SNPs located in miR-146a and miR-196a-2 genes and ALL susceptibility was found., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SNP located in miR-499a , miR-146a , and miR-196a-2 genes confer risk to ALL in Mexican children. Experimental analysis to decipher the role of these SNPs in human hematopoiesis could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the development of ALL., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Jiménez-Morales, Núñez-Enríquez, Cruz-Islas, Bekker-Méndez, Jiménez-Hernández, Medina-Sanson, Olarte-Carrillo, Martínez-Tovar, Flores-Lujano, Ramírez-Bello, Pérez-Saldívar, Martín-Trejo, Pérez-Lorenzana, Amador-Sánchez, Mora-Ríos, Peñaloza-González, Duarte-Rodríguez, Torres-Nava, Flores-Bautista, Espinosa-Elizondo, Román-Zepeda, Flores-Villegas, Tamez-Gómez, López-García, Lara-Ramos, González-Ulivarri, Martínez-Silva, Espinoza-Anrubio, Almeida-Hernández, Ramírez-Colorado, Hernández-Mora, García-López, Cruz-Ojeda, Godoy-Esquivel, Contreras-Hernández, Medina-Hernández, López-Caballero, Hernández-Pineda, Granados-Kraulles, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Torres-Valle, Cortés-Reyes, Medrano-López, Pérez-Gómez, Martínez-Ríos, Aguilar-De-los-Santos, Serafin-Díaz, Gutiérrez-Rivera, Merino-Pasaye, Vargas-Alarcón, Mata-Rocha, Sepúlveda-Robles, Rosas-Vargas, Hidalgo-Miranda and Mejía-Aranguré.)

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the main type of cancer in children. In Mexico and other Hispanic populations, the incidence of this neoplasm is one of the highest reported worldwide. Functional polymorphisms of various enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics have been associated with an increased risk of developing ALL, and the risk is different by ethnicity. The aims of the present study were to identify whether NQO1, CYP2E1 , and NAT2 polymorphisms or some genotype-environmental interactions were associated with ALL risk in Mexican children. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 478 pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL and 284 controls (children without leukemia). Ancestry composition of a subset of cases and controls was assessed using 32 ancestry informative markers. Genetic-environmental interactions for the exposure to hydrocarbons were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The polymorphisms rs1801280 (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.21-1.93), rs1799929 (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.55-2.49), and rs1208 (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.81) were found to increase the risk of ALL; being the risks higher under a recessive model (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.30-1.71, OR 3.87, 95% CI 2.20-6.80, and OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.32-3.87, respectively). Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that NAT2 rs1799929 TT genotype confers high risk to ALL under exposure to fertilizers, insecticides, hydrocarbon derivatives, and parental tobacco smoking. No associations among NQO1, CYP2E1 , and ALL were observed. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for the association between NAT2 polymorphisms/gene-environment interactions, and the risk of childhood ALL in Mexican children., (Copyright © 2020 Medina-Sanson, Núñez-Enríquez, Hurtado-Cordova, Pérez-Saldivar, Martínez-García, Jiménez-Hernández, Fernández-López, Martín-Trejo, Pérez-Lorenzana, Flores-Lujano, Amador-Sánchez, Mora-Ríos, Peñaloza-González, Duarte-Rodríguez, Torres-Nava, Flores-Bautista, Espinosa-Elizondo, Román-Zepeda, Flores-Villegas, González-Ulivarri, Martínez-Silva, Espinoza-Anrubio, Almeida-Hernández, Ramírez-Colorado, Hernández-Mora, García-López, Cruz-Ojeda, Godoy-Esquivel, Contreras-Hernández, Medina-Hernández, López-Caballero, Hernández-Pineda, Granados-Kraulles, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Torres-Valle, Cortés-Reyes, Medrano-López, Pérez-Gómez, Martínez-Ríos, Aguilar-De los Santos, Serafin-Díaz, Bekker-Méndez, Mata-Rocha, Morales-Castillo, Sepúlveda-Robles, Ramírez-Bello, Rosas-Vargas, Hidalgo-Miranda, Mejía-Aranguré and Jiménez-Morales.)

Background: The aim of this work is to describe the causes of the obstetric emergency, which motivates the activation of the Immediate Response Team at a second level hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, which has not an Intensive Care Unit for Adult Patients., Methods: Retrospective observational study of the causes of obstetric emergency that occurred in the domains of Admission, Hospitalization, Labor, Delivery Room, Operating Room and Recovery of the Hospital General de Zona 53 of the IMSS, during the years 2014 and 2015., Results: In 2014, were attended 3915 women due to obstetric cause; of them, 75 cases were of obstetric emergency and 3276 live births. In 2015, were 4390 women with 3842 live births and 80 cases of obstetric emergency. The main domains where performed the Immediate Response Team were: Labor, Admission and Recovery. In 2014, preeclampsia-eclampsia-Hellp ranked first as a cause of obstetric emergency: 42 cases, also in 2015: 36 cases; followed by obstetric hemorrhage with 28 and 34 cases, respectively. In 2014, there was a maternal death from severe preeclampsia and extensive liver rupture., Conclusions: Consolidation of Immediate Response Team at a hospital, according to the healthcare environment, it is essential, above all, within the meaning given by staff members.