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Toxic lead (Pb) in end-of-life silicon solar modules must be recovered to keep it out of the environment. Present literature on Pb recovery from solar waste is sparse and uses chemicals like nitric or hydrochloric acid. Previously, the authors reported Pb recovery from silicon modules by leaching and electrowinning in acetic acid. However, the Pb recovered from acetic solution contained a small amount of metallic Pb with the rest being lead oxides/acetates. These Pb compounds require further processing to obtain metallic Pb for reuse in solar panel solder, leading to additional cost and chemical waste. This paper reports recovery of metallic Pb using an electrochemical system with two half cells connected through a salt bridge. The salt bridge enables optimized recovery rates of Pb as high as 99.99 % for synthetic leachates. The first experiment to recover Pb from real silicon module waste shows 80 % recovery without optimization. The new method offers a low-cost, closed-loop, direct pathway to metallic Pb recovery from end-of-life silicon solar modules for reuse in new modules.

Objective The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

Resumen Introducción: el síndrome del túnel carpiano es de importante repercusión en el ámbito laboral, debido a su alta prevalencia, reconociéndose recientemente como enfermedad profesional. Tras la cirugía de liberación del nervio, es de interés valorar los parámetros que repercuten en el retorno al trabajo. Objetivos: revisar la literatura existente relativa al estado funcional de trabajadores previo a ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente por síndrome del túnel carpiano, y su reincorporación laboral analizando los factores de mayor influencia sobre ésta. Material y métodos: revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2009-2019 en bases de datos, escogiéndose los artículos en base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión que abarcaban factores con repercusión en la vuelta al trabajo tras una cirugía del síndrome del túnel carpiano. Resultados: se seleccionan 13 estudios observacionales, excluyéndose 1 metaanálisis, 9 revisiones sistemáticas, 20 ensayos clínicos y 1 opinión de expertos. Se analizan en mayor medida factores como el tiempo de retorno, tipo de cirugía empleada, compensación económica y sintomatología. Conclusión: se sugiere una evidencia limitada en la asociación entre los factores analizados y el retraso en el retorno a la actividad profesional. La evaluación posterior al tipo de cirugía empleada muestra la compensación económica como el parámetro de mayor predominancia.

This article is the result of a research project called: The Restitution of Lands as Transformative Repair in the Construction of Peace, which arises as an initiative of the students of the law program of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, members of the Research Seedbed in Human Rights –SEMDHUM-, in order to awaken in the academic community interest in the Land Restitution policy within the framework of transitional justice, with emphasis on compensation for damage and restoration of the rights of victims of the conflict armed, especially the indigenous communities that suffered confinement, abandonment and / or dispossession of their lands. A series of strategies for the appropriation of knowledge and the participation of students in academic processes of competence development in this area were promoted. For this reason, the status of victims of the conflict of the indigenous communities, their survival and the enjoyment of their rights, as well as the jurisprudence, regulations and the need for a differential approach in the public policy of land restitution were auspicious. A forum called Land Restitution as Transformative Reparation in Peace Building was also held, a training on the ethnic approach in the Land Restitution process, understanding the importance of the relationship with the territory within the indigenous communities. his worldview and worldview. Lastly, and as a result of the investigations and training, the members of the seedbed participated in representation of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, in the II Interuniversity Regional Contest "Transitional Restitution of Lands for Peace and Reconciliation", obtaining the award to first place and best speakers.

This article arises before the panorama of the political, economic and social crisis that the neighboring country of Venezuela has suffered in recent years, which has caused a large number of the Venezuelan population to migrate to different countries in search of better life conditions. Among them are boys and girls, who, faced with the need to continue their educational process, have begun their studies in various public schools in the city of San José de Cúcuta. This new phenomenon has caused a change in school environments, with different consequences, including the ever-increasing risk of problems of discrimination and xenophobia, where Venezuelan boys and girls may be exposed to abuse due to their socio-economic condition and their age. Based on this situation, the Human Rights Research Seedbed –SEMDHUM-, attached to the Law program of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, proposed an extension project that developed a culture of peace and coexistence, based on the investigation of the International and national normative framework regarding the right to education and equality of migrant children, educational pedagogical spaces were also generated in public primary educational institutions in the city of San José de Cúcuta, in order to raise awareness and train on the rights of migrant children in school and thus appropriate children in human rights, equality and non-discrimination. To carry out this project, the qualitative methodology and the pedagogical play method were applied, through activities and games, where the child learns and demonstrates their different perspectives and knowledge, improving the student and cultural environment.

El presente proyecto se basa en la modelación de la relación hombre-máquina centrado en el factor humano y en los errores que no necesariamente llevan a fatalidades, pero si a pérdidas de productividad. Este caso de estudio se basa en un proceso automatizado típico en una empresa metalmecánica. Error del set-ut, especificación y medidas tienen una probabilidad de ocurrencia de 0.1, 0.05 y 0.2 respectivamente. Dependiendo de la etapa en el proceso así será el efecto del error humano ya sea en el tiempo de terminación o en la cantidad de unidades producidas buenas. La simulación de proceso es usada en la evaluación del impacto del error humano en los diferentes puntos del proceso. La técnica Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) es usada para la estimación del error humano. Los programas de entrenamiento y estandarización de procesos son herramientas claves para la prevención de estos errores.

La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar la situación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de desplazamiento forzado desde la perspectiva y abordaje que ha realizado la Corte Constitucional Colombiana. Para este propósito se empleó una metodología cualitativa con la aplicación del método de corte inductivo de tipo documental, a partir del análisis de las decisiones de esta Alta Corporación, partiendo de una conceptualización del desplazamiento forzado en situaciones de conflicto armado, su impacto en los derechos humanos de la infancia y la necesidad de implementar un enfoque diferencial al tratarse de sujetos de especial protección constitucional. Dentro de los resultados se puede apreciar el análisis de la tutela judicial efectiva en cuanto a los riesgos específicos de la niñez desplazada, el escrutinio de las políticas públicas dirigidas a la población desplazada desde la sentencia T-025 de 2004, junto con sus autos de seguimiento que aluden específicamente a un enfoque etario, se evidencia la labor realizada por la Corte Constitucional aún con la persistencia del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional y desde otro enfoque la ausencia de indicadores claros, la exigüidad de recursos para la ejecución de la política pública, información incompleta o sin claridad de la oferta institucional y la ausencia de un verdadero enfoque de goce de derechos y soluciones duraderas, tornándose obsoleto el seguimiento realizado por el alto Tribunal.

Economic objectification is a form of dehumanization in which workers are treated as tools for enhancing productivity. It can lead to self-objectification in the workplace, which is when people perceive themselves as instruments for work. This can cause burnout, emotional drain, and a modification of self-perception that involves a loss of human attributes such as emotions and reasoning while focusing on others’ perspectives for evaluating the self. Research on workers self-objectification has mainly analyzed the consequences of this process without exploring the brain activity that underlies the individual’s experiences of self-objectification. Thus, this project explores the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes that occur in participants during an economic objectifying task that resembled a job in an online store. After the task, a self-objectification questionnaire was applied and its resulting index was used to label the participants as self-objectified or non-self-objectified. The changes over time in EEG event-related synchronization (ERS) and partial directed coherence (PDC) were calculated and compared between the self-objectification groups. The results show that the main differences between the groups in ERS and PDC occurred in the beta and gamma frequencies, but only the PDC results correlated with the self-objectification group. These results provide information for further understanding workers’ self-objectification. These EEG changes could indicate that economic self-objectification is associated with changes in vigilance, boredom, and mind-wandering.

En la industria actual, se llevan a cabo procesos de producción mecanizados, con parámetros definidos para que dichas acciones sean realizadas por los operarios. Sin embargo, una desviación de esos parámetros es considerado como un error humano, ocasionando la perturbación del proceso de producción. El artículo se elabora con el propósito de identificar errores en el proceso productivo de una empresa Metalmecánica con la acción conjunta del Laboratorio de Ergonomía del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. La identificación de errores humanos fue basado en la metodología Technique for human error-rate prediction (THERP); este análisis se complementó con una metodología de clasificación adaptada para la administración de procesos industriales llamada ABC, metodología 123 y metodología alfa beta gama para identificar los errores críticos para la empresa. Identificados dichos errores, por medio de un árbol de sucesos se cuantificó el porcentaje por medio de probabilidades teóricas reportadas por la literatura THERP y con ello se analizó el porcentaje de afectación para el proceso de producción. Con dicha metodología aplicada, se logró identificar en la empresa 26 errores en total.

Este documento propone una revisión literaria sobre métodos considerados de uso potencial para la valoración de la confiabilidad humana en sectores de riesgo mayores. Con el Análisis de Confiabilidad Humana (HRA) se pretende identificar y caracterizar aspectos que originan un error en las tareas donde se da la intervención humana. La aplicación de modelos cuantitativos y cualitativos para analizar la relación hombre-máquina centrado en el factor humano en la manufactura moderna, tiene como objetivo mejorar la productividad de las operaciones y la calidad de vida del trabajador. En ésta revisión se identificó doce técnicas de mayor uso a nivel industrial y se presentan en forma referenciada cada una de ellas.

Uno de los principales problemas del maquinado es alcanzar la calidad definida del producto bajo las condiciones de trabajo de que se disponga. La operación de cilindrado en el torno CNC del Laboratorio de Sistemas Integrados de Manufactura (SIMTEC) ha sido estudiada con diferentes condiciones de corte (avance, profundidad de corte) y tipo de material (aluminio 6061, acero 1020) para identificar la combinación y el nivel de factores que mejoran el acabado superficial de una pieza. Utilizando tres técnicas de diseño de experimentos (DOE), a saber, diseño factorial, regresión lineal múltiple y de superficie de respuesta (RSM), se identifica que los factores y niveles que reducen la rugosidad superficial son el, y el material aluminio. Se ha establecido un modelo de regresión de primer orden que puede ser utilizado junto con la gráfica RMS para predecir el valor de la rugosidad promedio.

This article describes the significant experiences in peacebuilding developed by the social pastoral of the Catholic Church in the dioceses of northeastern Colombia between 2000 and 2020 and is a contribution to the identification of non-government organizations in the region that have promoted the generation of favorable environments for peace and conflict transformation, even before the signing of the peace agreement between the FARC-EP and the government in 2016. It is a qualitative research that uses the methodology of systematization of experiences; individual and collective semi-structured interviews were conducted with the actors in their territories, in addition to documentary analysis. It is concluded that the social pastoral vet becomes spiritual and financial support for hundreds of men and women victims of armed conflict, discrimination, or, historical poverty. This work is less visible than that carried out by international cooperation agencies and organizations, first, because the injection of capital is much less, and, second, because it is assumed as a social function of the Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

QS World University Rankings® Latin America Region classifies and reviews the academic performance of University Education Institutions from Latin-America according to eight indicators: Academic Reputation, Employer Reputation, Faculty Student, Citations per Paper, Papers per Faculty, Staff with PhD, Web Impact e International Research Network. Results may also be analysed by country. This paper aims to distinguish, through clusters, the universities in Top10 of QS World University Rankings® Latin America Region 2020, in order to relate and compare their indicators through a descriptive analysis. They highlight the clusters formed between Overall Score indicators and the others in the ranking. As a result, highlights the high competitiveness between institutions. In clusters 1 are located between six and seven universities with the best points. Despite UC (Chile) and USP (Brazil) have the highest values; ITESM (Mexico) and UNAM (Mexico) are also positioned in relation to FS. UNIANDES (Colombia) highlights in AR, ER, PF, CP, SP and WI indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyze the outcomes of component separation techniques (CST) to treat incisional hernias (IH) in a large multicenter cohort of patients. Methods: All IH repair using CST, registered in EVEREG from July 2012 to December 2019, were included. Data on the pre-operative patient characteristics and comorbidities, IH characteristics, surgical technique, complications, and recurrence were collected. Outcomes between anterior (ACS) and posterior component separation (PCS) techniques were compared. Risk factors for complications and recurrences were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 1536 patients underwent CST (45.5% females) with a median age of 64.0 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 29.7 kg/m2. ACS was the most common technique (77.7%). Overall complications were frequent in both ACS and PCS techniques (36.5%), with a higher frequency of wound infection (10.6% vs. 7.0%; P = 0.05) and skin necrosis (4.4% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.0001) with the ACS technique. Main factors leading to major complications were mesh explant (OR 1.72; P = 0.001), previous repair (OR 0.75; P = 0.038), morbid obesity (OR 0.67; P = 0.015), ASA grade (OR 0.62; P < 0.0001), COPD (OR 0.52; P < 0.0001), and longitudinal diameter larger than 10 cm (OR 0.58; P = 0.001). After a minimum follow-up of 6 months (median 15 months; N = 590), 59 (10.0%) recurrences were diagnosed. Operations performed in a non-specialized unit were significantly associated with recurrences (HR 4.903, CI 1.64–14.65; P = 0.004). Conclusion: CST is a complex procedure with a high rate of complications. Both ACS and PCS techniques have similar complication and recurrence rates. Operations performed in a specialized unit have better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Incisional hernia is a frequent complication of midline laparotomy and enterostomal creation and is associated with high morbidity, decreased quality of life, and high costs. The International Symposium on Incisional Hernia Prevention was held October 19 – 20, 2017, at the InterContinental Hotel in San Francisco, CA, hosted by the Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco. One hundred and three attendees included general and plastic surgeons from 9 countries, including principal participants for several of the seminal studies in the field. Over the course of the 2-day meeting, there were 38 oral presentations, 3 keynote lectures, and 2 panel discussions. The Symposium was a combination of new information but also a comprehensive review of the existing data so as to assess the current state of the field and to set the stage for future research. Further, the Symposium sought to increase awareness and thus emphasize the importance of preventing the formation of incisional and enterostomal hernias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science Based Innovation relies on effective Technology Transfer efforts. Defining strategies that increase high-technology projects success in the market is a necessary and challenging activity. This comprises elements like market uncertainty and the need for timely decision making within an environment of limited resources (economic, time, human, among others). In this context, Technology Intelligence (TI) generates useful knowledge to reduce risk and improve decision making. This work provides a tool to identify and qualitatively measure different risks; highlighted by previous TI activities. Such risks, their level and mitigation alternatives are also discussed. Furthermore, we create a simple, yet useful tool to calculate a risk score for technology projects at early stages of development. This tool was developed in a Technology Transfer Office to foster the development of entrepreneurial ventures. • A tool for calculating a risk score for technology projects at early stages of development is proposed. • This tool was developed for Technology Transfer Offices to foster the development of entrepreneurial ventures. • The Technology Intelligence analyses shown are MTA, TRM and BM-CS. • Suggestions for risk identification as well as mitigation strategies in high technology projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) deems it essential to define and regulate the acquisition of high-specialization competencies within General Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgery and proposes the Regulation for the accreditation of specialized surgical units. The AEC aims to define specialized surgical units as those functional elements of the health system that meet the defined requirements regarding their provision, solvency, and specialization in care, teaching, and research. In this paper we present the proposed accreditation model for Abdominal Wall Surgery Units, as well as the results of a survey conducted to assess the status of such units in our country. The model presented represents one of the pioneering initiatives worldwide concerning the accreditation of Abdominal Wall Surgery Units., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)