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The Baluarte river lead at north of national marsh, site consider like the bigger area of mangroves of mexican pacific. The watershed river Baluarte is an exoreic at the northwest of the country. That region exhibit human settlements of more than 16 thousand, as well as mining activity, aquaculture, cattle raising and agriculture. There is evidence of the contribution of material transported through the river to the adjacent coastal area. Therefore, the site is of interest for the study of microplastics. In April of 2022 (dry season), was collected samples of superficial water of 17 sites distributed in the principal river and some tributary, both in the middle and lower basin. The type of microplastics with more presence was light blue fibers (70 % aprox.); the other 25 % was fibers of different colors like hard blue, gray, translucent and red, in decrecient order. The rest 5 % of the finding microplastics was type film. The bigger concentrations of microplastics was finding in the last section of the principal river, before it lead into the Pacific ocean (733.34 items m3), as well as near mining zones (633.34 items m3). Throughout the entire sampling, remains of soda bottles, typical snack garbage, plastic waste used in agriculture, plastic drain hoses, single-use bags, among other waste were observed. Currently, work is being done on the characterization of the composition of the microplastics collected. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/427355/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

Expression microarrays are powerful technology that allows large-scale analysis of RNA profiles in a tissue; these platforms include underexploited detection scores outputs. We developed an algorithm using the detection score, to generate a detection profile of shared elements in retinoblastoma as well as to determine its transcriptomic size and structure.We analyzed eight briefly cultured primary retinoblastomas with the Human transcriptome array 2.0 (HTA2.0). Transcripts and genes detection scores were determined using the Detection Above Background algorithm (DABG). We used unsupervised and supervised computational tools to analyze detected and undetected elements; WebGestalt was used to explore functions encoded by genes in relevant clusters and performed experimental validation.We found a core cluster with 7,513 genes detected and shared by all samples, 4,321 genes in a cluster that was commonly absent, and 7,681 genes variably detected across the samples accounting for tumor heterogeneity. Relevant pathways identified in the core cluster relate to cell cycle, RNA transport, and DNA replication. We performed a kinome analysis of the core cluster and found 4 potential therapeutic kinase targets. Through analysis of the variably detected genes, we discovered 123 differentially expressed transcripts between bilateral and unilateral cases.This novel analytical approach allowed determining the retinoblastoma transcriptomic size, a shared active transcriptomic core among the samples, potential therapeutic target kinases shared by all samples, transcripts related to inter tumor heterogeneity, and to determine transcriptomic profiles without the need of control tissues. This approach is useful to analyze other cancer or tissue types.

miRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression in metazoans, and thus are involved in many fundamental cellular biological processes. Extracellular miRNAs are also found in most human biofluids including plasma. These circulating miRNAs constitute a long distance inter cellular communication system and are potentially useful biomarkers. High throughput technologies like microarrays are able to scan a complete miRNome providing useful detection scores that are underexplored. We proposed to answer how many and which miRNAs are detectable in plasma or extracellular vesicles as these questions have not yet been answered. We set out to address this knowledge gap by analyzing the mirRNome in plasma and corresponding extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 12 children affected by retinoblastoma (Rb) a childhood intraocular malignant tumor, as well as from 12 healthy similarly aged controls. We calculated an average of 537 detectable miRNAs in plasma and 625 in EVs. The most miRNA enriched compartment were EVs from Rb cases with an average of 656 detectable elements. Using hierarchical clustering with the detection scores, we generated broad detection mirnome maps and identified a plasma signature of 19 miRNAs present in all Rb cases that is able to discriminate cases from controls. An additional 9 miRNAs were detected in all the samples; within this group, miRNA-5787 and miRNA-6732-5p were highly abundant and displayed very low variance across all the samples, suggesting both are good candidates to serve as plasma references or normalizers. Further exploration considering participant's sex, allowed discovering 5 miRNAs which corresponded only to females and 4 miRNAs corresponding only to males. Target and pathway analysis of these miRNAs revealed hormonal function including estrogen, thyroid signaling pathways and testosterone biosynthesis. This approach allows a comprehensive unbiased survey of a circulating miRNome landscape, creating the possibility to define normality in mirnomic profiles, and to locate where in these miRNome profiles promising and potentially useful circulating miRNA signatures can be found.

La localización y concentración de la actividad económica responde a muchos factores —algunos de ellos positivos y otros negativos— que desde la perspectiva de la teoría económica provocan economías de aglomeración. Uno de los elementos desfavorecedores y que provocan externalidades negativas son el crimen y la violencia (Hampley y McPheters, 1975; Pichardo-Muñíz y Chavarría, 2016). En particular, aquellos que afectan directa e indirectamente a las empresas son los analizados en el presente estudio. Los resultados obtenidos que aplican técnicas de análisis espacial y econometría lineal indican que, para el occidente de México, la afectación por la delincuencia oficialmente reportada es dispar y altamente dependiente de los sectores económicos analizados.No obstante, en la mayoría de los casos, factores que generan externalidades positivas, como el nivel educativo, son significativamente relevantes y acordes a los planteamientos propuestos.

This observational retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare oral nifedipine and labetalol for emergency treatment of hypertension in preeclamptic patients. Time (minutes) and necessary doses were outlined to achieve blood pressure lower than 150/95 mmHg. In 14 patients with preeclampsia, 55 hypertensive emergencies were identified (BP >150/95). Of these emergencies, 43 were treated with oral nifedipine 10 mg (10 patients) and 12 with oral labetalol 100 mg (4 patients). To achieve a target blood pressure under 150/95, these doses were repeated as necessary every 20 min, up to a maximum of 4 doses. Oral nifedipine reduced BP more rapidly (31.30 vs. 53.50 min, p = .03). No maternal or foetal adverse events were observed and no major differences were found according to the type of delivery. Oral nifedipine is faster than and at least as safe as labetalol in pre-eclampsia hypertensive emergency treatment.

Early menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause of infertility in women and affects about one per cent of young women. This disorder has significant psychological sequelae and major health implications. Its relevance has increased in recent years due to the fact that age of motherhood is being delayed in developed countries, with the risk of having either primary ovarian insufficiency or less possibilities of pregnancy. The main characteristics are absence of ovulation, amenorrhoea and high levels of serum gonadothropins (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). Although the aetiology remains uncertain in most cases, several rare specific causes have been elucidated. Potential causes for POI are iatrogenic (ovarian surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy), environmental factors, viral infections, metabolic and autoinmune diseases, and genetic alterations. Because of the association with other autoimmune diseases, close follow up is recommended in patients with POI. The traditional indicators to evaluate ovarian ageing are age, serum hormonal levels, anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count, and ultrasonography of ovaries. Hormone replacement therapy remains the mainstay of treatment, and the best chance of achieving a pregnancy is through oocyte donation. This article aims to present an overview of potential causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of POI.

Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is probably the commonest benign neoplasm involving the anogenital mammary-like glands (AMLGs). Diagnosis may require differentiation from Bartholin cysts/abscesses, l...

Background miRNAs exert their effect through a negative regulatory mechanism silencing expression upon hybridizing to their target mRNA, and have a prominent position in the control of many cellular processes including carcinogenesis. Previous miRNA studies on retinoblastoma (Rb) have been limited to specific miRNAs reported in other tumors or to medium density arrays. Here we report expression analysis of the whole miRNome on 12 retinoblastoma tumor samples using a high throughput microarray platform including 2578 mature miRNAs. Methods Twelve retinoblastoma tumor samples were analyzed using an Affymetrix platform including 2578 mature miRNAs. We applied RMA analysis to normalize raw data, obtained categorical data from detection call values, and also used signal intensity derived expression data. We used Diana-Tools-microT-CDS to find miRNA targets and ChromDraw to map miRNAs in chromosomes. Results We discovered a core-cluster of 30 miRNAs that were highly expressed in all the cases and a cluster of 993 miRNAs that were uniformly absent in all cases. Another 1022 miRNA were variably present in the samples reflecting heterogeneity between tumors. We explored mRNA targets, pathways and biological processes affected by some of these miRNAs. We propose that the core-cluster of 30 miRs represent miRNA machinery common to all Rb, and affecting most pathways considered hallmarks of cancer. In this core, we identified miR-3613 as a potential and critical down regulatory hub, because it is highly expressed in all the samples and its potential mRNA targets include at least 36 tumor suppressor genes, including RB1. In the variably expressed miRNA, 36 were differentially expressed between males and females. Some of the potential pathways targeted by these 36 miRNAs were associated with hormonal production. Conclusion These findings indicate that Rb tumor samples share a common miRNA expression profile regardless of tumor heterogeneity, and shed light on potential novel therapeutic targets such as mir-3613 This is the first work to delineate the miRNA landscape in retinoblastoma tumor samples using an unbiased approach. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3421-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

To evaluate the long-term safety, satisfaction and tolerability of flutamide therapy for female hyperandrogenism.A 20-year surveillance study.Setting: Gynecology Department in a teaching hospital.Hyperandrogenic women complaining for hirsutism treatment were followed between February 1995 and April 2015.Women received flutamide 125 or 250 mg/day alone (n = 55) or combined with oral contraceptives (n = 65).Adverse events, safety, tolerability satisfaction and efficacy were assessed every 6 months during all the follow-up. Lab tests including liver and lipid profiles were also recorded in each control.Patients under flutamide therapy showed significant improvements in hirsutism scores after 6 months of treatment with a maximum effect at 12 months that was maintained during all the therapy time. Satisfaction reported by patients with the efficacy of the drug in a visual scale was also high. A total of 54.2 % women presented one or more adverse effects during the follow-up; 33.3% showed at least one adverse effect possibly related with the study drug; and 24.1% withdrew from the study because of adverse effects. During the follow-up, as many as 89.9 % of patients abandoned flutamide. Reasons include: questions linked to medical problems (50%), attempt pregnancy (4%) and significant improvement in the symptomatology (35.8%).Flutamide is very effective for hirsutism treatment; however, adverse effects are very frequent and affect compliance.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a pediatric intraocular malignancy and probably the most robust clinical model on which genetic predisposition to develop cancer has been demonstrated. Since deletions in chromosome 13 have been described in this tumor, we performed next generation sequencing to test whether recurrent losses could be detected in low coverage data. We used Illumina platform for 13 tumor tissue samples: two pools of 4 retinoblastoma cases each and one pool of 5 medulloblastoma cases (raw data can be found at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB6630).We first created an in silico reference profile generated from a human sequenced genome (GRCh37p5). From this data we calculated an integrity score to get an overview of gains and losses in all chromosomes; we next analyzed each chromosome in windows of 40kb length, calculating for each window the log2 ratio between reads from tumor pool and in silico reference. Finally we generated panoramic maps with all the windows whether lost or gained along each chromosome associated to its cytogenetic bands to facilitate interpretation. Expression microarrays was done for the same samples and a list of over and under expressed genes is presented here. For this detection a significance analysis was done and a log2 fold change was chosen as significant (raw data can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/accession number GSE11488). The complete research article can be found at Cancer Genetics journal (Garcia-Chequer et al., in press) [1]. In summary here we provide an overview with visual graphics of gains and losses chromosome by chromosome in retinoblastoma and medulloblastoma, also the integrity score analysis and a list of genes with relevant expression associated. This material can be useful to researchers that may want to explore gains and losses in other malignant tumors with this approach or compare their data with retinoblastoma.

Background Histamine stimulates cell proliferation in some tumor cell lines through the activation of H1 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. We therefore set out to study the presence of H1 receptors in the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 and the effect of their stimulation on cell growth. Methods The presence of histamine receptors was studied by radioligand binding. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was assessed by measuring [1H]-inositol phosphate ([1H]-IPs) accumulation and changes in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Proliferation was assessed by cell counting and by [1H]-thymidine incorporation. Results DU-145 cells express H1 receptors (110±14 fmol/mg of protein) whose stimulation results in [1H]-IPs accumulation (602±23% of basal, EC50 2.2±0.4 μM) and calcium mobilization (resting level 96±5 nM, Δ[Ca2+]i 517±32 nM, EC50 6.2±0.1 μM). Incubation with histamine (100 μM, 24 hr) resulted in a decrease in both cell number and [1H]-thymidine incorporation, blocked by the H1 antagonist mepyramine (1 μM). Conclusions Histamine inhibits the proliferation of DU-145 cells through the activation of H1 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Prostate 48:179–187, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.