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Objetivos: Valorar las concentraciones séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D, 25(OH)D, en pacientes osteoporóticos tratados durante un año con calcifediol. Métodos: Se han estudiado 156 pacientes con osteoporosis (23 varones y 133 mujeres) de 71,9±9,6 años de edad que habían recibido tratamiento con calcifediol durante al menos un año. Noventa y dos de ellos recibieron 0,266 mg de calcifediol cada quince días y los 64 restantes la misma dosis una vez al mes. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D, PTH intacta (PTHi), propéptido aminoterminal del procolágeno tipo I (PINP) y telopéptido carboxiterminal del colágeno tipo I (CTX), antes y un año después de iniciar el tratamiento. Resultados: Con ambas pautas de tratamiento se observó un aumento significativo en la concentración de 25(OH)D (p

Cristian Tineo,1 Cinthia M Nuñez,2–4 Ouel Sosa,1,5 Dahiana Pichardo,1 Juan Luis Hernández,1 Gustavo Collado3 1Department of Surgery, José María Cabral y Báez Regional and University Hospital (HRUJMCB), 2Department of Surgery, Dr. Arturo Grullòn University and Childrens Hospital Burn Unit (HIRUDAG), 3Department of Surgery, Santiago Metropolitan Hospital (HOMS), 4Department of Medicine, Mother and Master Pontifical and Catholic University (PUCMM), 5Department of Medicine, Santiago Thechnological University (UTESA), Santiago, Dominican Republic Background: Soft tissue lesions represent a health problem of great magnitude around the world. Multiple drugs have been used in their treatment. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and silver nanocrystals (SNC) are among the most used. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of SSD and SNC regarding the wound granulation rate, treatment time, antibiotic effect, and treatment cost and to determine the frequency of these lesions in participants of this research.Methods: Data were collected from 50 patients with soft tissue lesions in the Regional University Hospital José María Cabral y Báez (HRUJMCB), in Santiago, Dominican Republic. This study was approved by the bioethics committee of the Pontifical Catholic University Madre and Maestra (PUCMM) and the HRUJMCB. Patients were followed up from August 2015 to February 2016. SPSS Statistics program was used to calculate Chi square and assess statistical significance.Results: Fifty patients were included in this study, of whom 56% had diabetic foot ulcers, 22% had vascular ulcers, and 22% had pressure ulcers. In total, 42% of the patients were treated with SSD and 58% with SNC. Granulation rate was 71.4% for SSD and 89.6% for SNC, and positive antibiotic effect was 15.9% for SSD and 25.9% for SNC. A total of 14.4% of patients treated with SSD ended their participation in the research between 8 and 14 days, 37.9% in 15–21 days, and 42.8% in ≥21 days. For SNC, 3.4% of patients concluded their participation in 0–7 days, 34.4% in 8–14 days, 37.9% in 15–21 days, and 24.1% in ≥21 days. The distribution of economic costs in the SSD group was as follows: USD0–22, 42.9%, and USD22–66, 57.2%, while in the SNC group, the distribution was as follows: USD0–22, 48.2%; USD22–66, 48.3%; and USD66–110, 3.4%.Conclusion: There is no statistical significance in the results of this study; however, in percentage, SNC are superior regarding the rate of wound granulation, antibiotic effect, and healing time. Economic cost for both is similar. Keywords: silver, sulfadiazine, nanocrystals, ulcers

El envejecimiento de la población mundial es un indicador de la mejora de la salud en el mundo. En los países desarrollados, el aumento de la longevidad ha ido acompañado de una “compresión de la morbilidad”, es decir, aunque las personas viven más tiempo, no pasan más años padeciendo un mal estado de salud. Sin embargo la fractura de cadera es capaz por sí sola de disminuir la esperanza de vida en casi dos años, y uno de cada cinco pacientes que la sufre requerirá asistencia socio-sanitaria permanente. En España, los estudios epidemiológicos que describen la incidencia de la fractura de cadera son numerosos. En la mayoría de los casos, se trata de trabajos retrospectivos llevados a cabo durante períodos de tiempo cortos y cuyos resultados han sido variables entre las diferentes provincias estudiadas. La incidencia global de la fractura de cadera en nuestro país, en los sujetos mayores de 65 años ha variado entre 301 y 897/105 habitantes, valores por debajo de los de otros países de Europa o de los de los EE.UU. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión crítica de los principales estudios publicados en España que abordan el estudio de la incidencia de la fractura de cadera.

La evolución de la tasa de incidencia de la fractura de cadera no ha sido uniforme a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Por ejemplo, en la mayoría de los países desarrollados, se observa una tendencia al aumento de la incidencia en la segunda mitad del siglo XX que alcanza hasta la última década, en la que parece haberse iniciado una estabilización o incluso un descenso en la tasa de incidencia. Sin embargo, en algunas zonas de Asia y África la tendencia continúa siendo creciente. Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, resulta de gran interés identificar si los cambios temporales de las tasas observados se asocian a un envejecimiento de la población o son resultado de otras circunstancias que concurren en una determinada población a lo largo del tiempo. En este sentido, a la hora de analizar la evolución de la incidencia de la fractura de cadera, es primordial tener en cuenta los efectos derivados de la implementación de las estrategias llevadas a cabo para prevenir y tratar de forma precoz la enfermedad osteoporótica y las caídas. En la mayoría de las enfermedades crónicas con un componente etiológico medioambiental, identificado o no, se produce un intervalo de varias décadas entre la exposición inicial al principal agente causal y la aparición clínica de la enfermedad. El estudio sistemático de la tendencia secular de una enfermedad pone de manifiesto diferentes fenómenos que ayudan a comprender su etiopatogenia. A la vez, constituye una actividad de vigilancia epidemiológica que permite alertar sobre su relevancia futura. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión de los principales estudios publicados en diversas partes del mundo, excluyendo España, que profundizan, en mayor o menor medida, en el análisis de la tendencia secular de la incidencia de la fractura de cadera con el fin de acercar este concepto al lector y ofrecer una visión de conjunto sobre la evolución de la incidencia de la fractura de cadera y sus posibles causas.

This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through invisible modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently deexcite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of 2.5×1029 y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and 3.6×1029 y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of 1.3×1028 y for nn, 2.6×1028 y for pn and 4.7×1028 y for pp, an improvement over existing limits by close to 3 orders of magnitude for the latter two.

A measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25-0.07+0.09 events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03-0.12+0.13 events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53-0.28+0.31(stat)-0.10+0.13(syst)×106 cm-2 s-1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.

A measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25-0.07+0.09 events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03-0.12+0.13 events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53-0.28+0.31(stat)-0.10+0.13(syst)×106 cm-2 s-1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.

BackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most widespread cancer in humans and its incidence is rising. These tumours can evolve as diseases of poor prognosis, and therefore it is important to identify new markers to better predict its clinical evolution.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) at different stages of skin cancer progression in a panel of murine skin cancer cell lines. Owing to the increasing importance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, we considered the possibility that miRNAs could help to define the prognosis of CSCC and aimed to evaluate the potential use of miR-203 and miR-205 as biomarkers of prognosis in human tumours.MethodsSeventy-nine human primary CSCCs were collected at the University Hospital of Salamanca in Spain. We identified differential miRNA expression patterns at different stages of CSCC progression in a well-established panel of murine skin cancer cell lines, and then selected miR-205 and miR-203 to evaluate their association with the clinical prognosis and evolution of human CSCC.ResultsmiR-205 was expressed in tumours with pathological features recognized as indicators of poor prognosis such as desmoplasia, perineural invasion and infiltrative growth pattern. miR-205 was mainly expressed in undifferentiated areas and in the invasion front, and was associated with both local recurrence and the development of general clinical events of poor evolution. miR-205 expression was an independent variable selected to predict events of poor clinical evolution using the multinomial logistic regression model described in this study. In contrast, miR-203 was mainly expressed in tumours exhibiting the characteristics associated with a good prognosis, was mainly present in well-differentiated zones, and rarely expressed in the invasion front. Therefore, the expression and associations of miR-205 and miR-203 were mostly mutually exclusive. Finally, using a logistic biplot we identified three clusters of patients with differential prognosis based on miR-203 and miR-205 expression, and pathological tumour features.ConclusionsmiR-205 and miR-203 tended to exhibit mutually exclusive expression patterns in human CSCC. This work highlights the utility of miR-205 and miR-203 as prognostic markers in CSCC.