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Producción Científica, The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the body weight and diet, physical activity, and other habits among freshmen students by sex, and to determine whether these habits have changed during the post-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial cross-sectional study with data from 11 Spanish universities was carried out. In total, 10,096 first-year university students (73.2% female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.5 years) completed an online self-administered questionnaire between 2012 and 2022. For some analyses, questionnaires were categorized by the year in which the survey was filled out as Before COVID-19, Lockdown, and New Normal. In total, 72.9% of participants were within the normal weight range, and 17.7% of men and 11.8% of women were overweight (p < 0.001). The students who did not meet the WHO criteria of physical activity, spent more than 7 h per day sitting, and skipped breakfast had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05). According to the period of study, the prevalence of overweight/obesity Before COVID-19 was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4–16.9%), while in Lockdown the prevalence was significantly higher (20.2, 95% CI: 17.1–23.8) and in New Normal it was 18.9% (CI: 15.7–22.5). Moreover, the study suggests that during the Lockdown period, there was a reduction in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of a healthy diet. For all these, it is necessary to propose public health interventions that improve the lifestyles of university students., Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Plan Nacional sobre Drogas - (grant 2010|145, 2013|034,2020|030), Instituto de Salud Carlos III - (grant PI16/01947), Fondo Social Europeo y Junta de Castilla y León,Consejería de Educación - (grant EDU/842/2022)

The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the body weight and diet, physical activity, and other habits among freshmen students by sex, and to determine whether these habits have changed during the post-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial cross-sectional study with data from 11 Spanish universities was carried out. In total, 10,096 first-year university students (73.2% female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.5 years) completed an online self-administered questionnaire between 2012 and 2022. For some analyses, questionnaires were categorized by the year in which the survey was filled out as Before COVID-19, Lockdown, and New Normal. In total, 72.9% of participants were within the normal weight range, and 17.7% of men and 11.8% of women were overweight (p < 0.001). The students who did not meet the WHO criteria of physical activity, spent more than 7 h per day sitting, and skipped breakfast had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05). According to the period of study, the prevalence of overweight/obesity Before COVID-19 was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4–16.9%), while in Lockdown the prevalence was significantly higher (20.2, 95% CI: 17.1–23.8) and in New Normal it was 18.9% (CI: 15.7–22.5). Moreover, the study suggests that during the Lockdown period, there was a reduction in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of a healthy diet. For all these, it is necessary to propose public health interventions that improve the lifestyles of university students.

The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students’ odds of depression as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder. In s

[EN] The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention through health education on nutrition, physical activity, and healthy habits on physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL), in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The databases used were PubMed, WOS, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were: observational, longitudinal and randomized clinical trial (RCT) study designs, adults (both sexes), with at least two criteria of MetS, lifestyle intervention and comparison with a control group, and a measurement of HRQoL with a validated questionnaire. We analyzed the Hedges’ g and SF-36 score. I2 statistics were calculated and possible publication and small study biases were assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots. Seven RCTs were selected for meta-analysis, based on 637 study participants. Significant improvements were found in the physical dimensions of the HRQoL scores for subjects in the active intervention compared to the group that received general lifestyle information (Hedges’ g 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31–0.91). Mental health-related quality of life was also significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group (Hedges’ g 0.84, 95% CI = 0.64–1.03). In conclusion, our results suggest that, according to the RCTs selected for this meta-analysis, a lifestyle intervention significantly improves HRQoL in all its domains.

[EN] Physical function is one of the most important constructs assessed in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and it could be very useful to assess movement ability from the perspective of the patient. The objective of this study was to compare the content of the domains related to mobility covered by the HRQOL questionnaires based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to evaluate their quality according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance. For this, a systematic review was carried out in the databases Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria were development and/or validation studies about generic HRQOL measures, and the instruments had to include items related to mobility and studies written in English or Spanish. The comparison of content was performed using the ICF coding system. A total of 3614 articles were found, 20 generic HRQOL instruments were identified and 120 (22.4%) mobility-related items were found. Walking was the most represented category. Low-quality evidence on some measurement properties of the generic HRQOL instruments was revealed. The CAT-Health is a useful questionnaire to be used in rehabilitation due to its psychometric properties and its content.

[ES] En las asignaturas de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería impartidas por el Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública de la Universidad de León, se vienen impartiendo contenidos teóricos de una forma tradicional. Las encuestas de evaluación al profesorado de la Universidad de León llevadas a cabo por el alumnado han reportado una baja motivación y participación, así como un reducido interés y/o comprensión de estos contenidos. Por esta razón, el objetivo de la presente innovación docente es mejorar la retroalimentación con el alumnado, a través de la gamificación, para incrementar el interés de los alumnos, la participación y detectar los conceptos en los que se debe hacer hincapié o repasar antes de finalizar la clase. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una docencia mixta, con gamificación a través de Quizizz© y sin gamificación (docencia tradicional). Para valorar el impacto sobre el interés, la participación y la motivación del alumnado, se realizó un cuestionario de escala Likert al finalizar la asignatura, para analizar el grado de satisfacción, el interés de la materia y la motivación en ambas metodologías de enseñanza en 31 alumnos/as. Los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas indican según el 93,5% de los alumnos que la gamificación promueve la participación en clase, y el 87,1% consideró útil esta herramienta para su aprendizaje y que además aumentó su interés por la materia. Considerando estos resultados, podemos indicar que la metodología de gamificación mejora la participación y el interés de los alumnos por la materia.

[ES] El presente proyecto de innovación docente consistió en una actividad de aprendizaje-servicio, basada en la metodología de acción participativa, llevada a cabo con estudiantes de los grados en Enfermería y Fisioterapia del Campus de Ponferrada. Objetivos: Con el diseño y puesta en práctica del proyecto, se pretendió desarrollar un aprendizaje significativo, adquirir diversas competencias transversales y específicas de cada titulación, así como aumentar su nivel de empatía y compromiso social. Descripción de la innovación: Los estudiantes, en el marco de distintas asignaturas de la titulación, diseñaron y llevaron a cabo diversos talleres de educación para la salud y promoción de hábitos de vida saludables destinados a escolares de primero y sexto de primaria de la ciudad de Ponferrada. Los talleres versaron sobre la promoción de la actividad física, la igualdad de géneros, la protección solar, el lavado de manos y los primeros auxilios. Principales resultados: Participaron un total de 67 estudiantes y 236 escolares. El 96,2% de los escolares mostraron satisfacción máxima con los talleres. A nivel de los estudiantes universitarios, los resultados medidos a través de la escala de empatía “Interpersonal Reactivity Index”, mostraron un cambio significativo en la dimensión de estrés personal, en la que hubo una disminución de la puntuación tras la actividad en la muestra total (p=0.006) y en el grupo de las mujeres (p=0.018). Los estudiantes, además de adquirir y consolidar resultados de aprendizaje específicos, manifestaron trabajar competencias relacionadas con la motivación por el trabajo, las relaciones interpersonales y el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: El aprendizaje-servicio se presenta como una estrategia interesante a nivel universitario. El aprendizaje significativo aporta a los universitarios una satisfacción y recompensa personal. En esta experiencia, se produjeron cambios significativos en la dimensión de estrés personal, factor fundamental para la to

[ES] La innovación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se ha convertido en un aspecto fundamental que posibilita un cambio en el paradigma educativo y permite alcanzar el “aprendizaje significativo”. En los últimos años, con motivo de la pandemia se ha puesto aún más si cabe la necesidad de prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, mediante el lavado de manos. En las asignaturas de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería y Podología impartidas por el Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública de la Universidad de León, se imparten dichos contenidos de una forma teórico/práctica tradicional, reportando opiniones de los alumnos relacionadas con baja motivación, interés y/o comprensión de estos contenidos. Ante estos problemas, el objetivo de la presente innovación docente fue mejorar las competencias, la motivación y la autorregulación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, en la importancia de la higiene de manos en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, mediante la gamificación de una práctica. Se llevó a cabo una actividad de gamificación a través de un breakout con una narrativa relacionada con la historia biográfica de Ignaz Semmelweis. Se evaluaron los resultados mediante dos encuestas de satisfacción, y se realizó una comparación entre las opiniones de los estudiantes que habían participado en la práctica gamificada y aquellos asignados a la metodología tradicional. El grado de satisfacción con la práctica gamificada ha sido mayor respecto a los alumnos que recibieron la práctica de forma tradicional, obteniendo valores estadísticamente significativos en todos los ítems (p<0,05). Además, cabe destacar el interés de los estudiantes con “la aplicación de la gamificación a otras prácticas” que fue la pregunta que obtuvo una mayor valoración. Por otra parte, los resultados sobre los conocimientos adquiridos durante la misma fueron satisfactorios, por lo que en el futuro sería interesante plantear esta metodología para la adquisición de otros conocimientos de la as

[EN] The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students’ odds of depression as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder.

[ES] INTRODUCCIÓN: El concepto de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud (CVRS) abarca las esferas física, mental y social por lo que la mayoría de los instrumentos genéricos de CVRS incluyen las tres dimensiones, además permiten conocer el estado de salud desde la perspectiva del paciente. Las medidas del estado de salud que recogen la información directamente del paciente, denominadas PROM (patient-reported outcome measure), incluyen la satisfacción, la integración comunitaria y la participación social. La movilidad es un componente importante dentro de la CVRS, que puede afectar de distintas maneras a cada individuo, como se indica en la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) desarrollada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, que proporciona un marco conceptual universal para el funcionamiento y la salud, permitiendo la comparación de distintos instrumentos. El objetivo del estudio es comparar el contenido de los dominios relacionados con movilidad de instrumentos genéricos de CVRS según la CIF y evaluar su calidad. METODOLOGÍA: Se llevó a cabo una revisión siste-mática con los términos “health related quality of life”, mobility, function, physical, scale, questionnaire, survey, test, instru-ment, index, psychometrics, validity and reliability en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y Science Direct. Se selecciona-ron los artículos de validación o desarrollo de instrumentos genéricos de CVRS que incluían valoración de la movilidad. Sólo se incluyeron artículos escritos en inglés o español. Se comparó el contenido relacionado con movilidad de cada cuestionario usando un sistema de codificación según la CIF. La valoración de la calidad de los instrumentos seleccionados se llevó a cabo siguiendo la guía COSMIN (COn-sensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 3614 resultados, de los cuales sólo 20 cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se identificaron

[EN] Sleep duration is a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. We evaluated the association of self‑reported sleep duration and daytime napping with odds of colorectal and gastric cancer. We included 2008 incident colorectal cancer cases, 542 gastric cancer cases and 3622 frequency‑matched population controls, recruited in the MCC‑Spain case–control study (2008–2013). Sleep information, socio‑demographic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained through personal interviews. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer, across categories of sleep duration (≤ 5, 6, 7, 8, ≥ 9 hours/day), daytime napping frequency (naps/week) and duration (minutes/nap). Compared to 7 hours of sleep, long sleep was associated with increased odds of colorectal (OR ≥9 hours : 1.59; 95%CI 1.30–1.94) and gastric cancer (OR ≥9 hours : 1.95; 1.37–2.76); short sleep was associated with increased odds of gastric cancer (OR ≤5 hours : 1.32; 0.93–1.88). Frequent and long daytime naps increased the odds of colorectal (OR6–7 naps/week, ≥30 min : 1.32; 1.14–1.54) and gastric cancer (OR 6–7 naps/week, ≥30 min : 1.56; 1.21–2.02). Effects of short sleep and frequent long naps were stronger among participants with night shift‑work history. Sleep and circadian disruption may jointly play a role in the etiology of colorectal and gastric cancer

[EN] The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the body weight and diet, physical activity, and other habits among freshmen students by sex, and to determine whether these habits have changed during the post-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial cross-sectional study with data from 11 Spanish universities was carried out. In total, 10,096 first-year university students (73.2% female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.5 years) completed an online self-administered questionnaire between 2012 and 2022. For some analyses, questionnaires were categorized by the year in which the survey was filled out as Before COVID-19, Lockdown, and New Normal. In total, 72.9% of participants were within the normal weight range, and 17.7% of men and 11.8% of women were overweight (p < 0.001). The students who did not meet the WHO criteria of physical activity, spent more than 7 h per day sitting, and skipped breakfast had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05). According to the period of study, the prevalence of overweight/obesity Before COVID-19 was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4–16.9%), while in Lockdown the prevalence was significantly higher (20.2, 95% CI: 17.1–23.8) and in New Normal it was 18.9% (CI: 15.7–22.5). Moreover, the study suggests that during the Lockdown period, there was a reduction in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of a healthy diet. For all these, it is necessary to propose public health interventions that improve the lifestyles of university students.

[EN] Use of artificial sweeteners (AS) such as aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose is widespread. We evaluated the association of use of aspartame and other AS with cancer. In total 1881 colorectal, 1510 breast, 972 prostate and 351 stomach cancer and 109 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases and 3629 population controls from the Spanish Multicase-Control (MCC-Spain) study were recruited (2008-2013). The consumption of AS, from table-top sweeteners and artificially sweetened beverages, was assessed through a self-administered and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sex-specific quartiles among controls were determined to compare moderate consumers (

[EN] Objective Heat exposure and heat stress/strain is a concern for many workers. There is increasing interest in potential chronic health effects of occupational heat exposure, including cancer risk. We examined potential associations of occupational heat exposure and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a large Spanish multi-case–control study. Methods We analyzed data on 1198 histologically confirmed CRC cases and 2690 frequency-matched controls. The Spanish job-exposure matrix, MatEmEsp, was used to assign heat exposure estimates to the lifetime occupations of participants. Three exposure indices were assessed: ever versus never exposed, cumulative exposure and duration (years). We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Results Overall, there was no association of ever, compared with never, occupational heat exposure and CRC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92–1.29). There were also no associations observed according to categories of cumulative exposure or duration, and there was no evidence for a trend. There was no clear association of ever occupational heat exposure and CRC in analysis conducted among either men or women when analyzed separately. Positive associations were observed among women in the highest categories of cumulative exposure (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.09–3.03) and duration (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.50–5.59) as well as some evidence for a trend (P<0.05). Conclusion Overall, this study provides no clear evidence for an association between occupational heat exposure and CRC.