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We construct the general two-Higgs doublet model effective field theory where the effects of additional new physics are parameterized by operators up to mass dimension-six. We further transform this effective theory to the Higgs basis and provide matching of the Wilson coefficients between the two descriptions. We illustrate the advantages of the Higgs basis which include the separation of operators that modify standard model couplings and masses from operators that contribute to scattering processes only, transparent correlations between scattering processes resulting from the same operator, and derivation of correlations between different operators in specific UV completions. For completeness, we also construct specific versions corresponding to four types of two-Higgs doublet models: type-I, -II, -X, and -Y, distinguished by $Z_2$ symmetries which restrict the couplings of the Higgs doublets to standard model fermions. Furthermore, we derive general vacuum and stability conditions of the scalar potential in the presence of higher-dimensional terms., Comment: 31 pages + 15 pages of appendices, 17 tables and 3 figures. v2: Matches published version

We study di-Higgs and tri-Higgs boson productions at a muon collider as functions of the modification of the muon Yukawa coupling resulting from new physics parameterized by the dimension 6 mass operator. We show that the di-Higgs signal can be used to observe a deviation in the muon Yukawa coupling at the 10 % level for $\sqrt{s} = 10$ TeV and at the 3.5 % level for $\sqrt{s} = 30$ TeV. The tri-Higgs signal improves the sensitivity dramatically with increasing $\sqrt{s}$, reaching 0.8 % at $\sqrt{s} = 30$ TeV. We also study all processes involving Goldstone bosons originating from the same operator, discuss possible model dependence resulting from other operators of dimension 6 and higher, and identify multi-Higgs productions and one additional process as golden channels. We further extend the study to the two Higgs doublet model type-II and show that di-Higgs and tri-Higgs signals involving heavy Higgs bosons can be enhanced by a factor of $(\tan \beta)^6$, which results in the potential sensitivity to a modified muon Yukawa coupling at the $10^{-6}$ level already at a $\sqrt{s} = 10 $ TeV muon collider. The results can be easily customized for other extensions of the Higgs sector., Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures and 14 tables. V2 matches published version

We calculate chirally enhanced corrections to the muon's electric and magnetic dipole moments in two-Higgs-doublet models extended by vector-like leptons, and we explore a sharp correlation between $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the muon's dipole moments in these models. Among many detailed predictions, for a model with new leptons with the same quantum numbers as standard model leptons, we find that $0.38 \lesssim \tan \beta \lesssim 21$ necessarily requires a muon electric dipole moment to be observed at near-future experiments, assuming $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ is measured within $1\%$ of the standard model prediction for the current central value of the measured muon magnetic moment. In all studied models, the predicted values of the electric dipole moment can reach up to current experimental limits. Moreover, we show that in some models there can be two sources of chiral enhancement, parametrizing the correlation between $h \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the dipole moments by a complex number. This leads to sign-preferred predictions for the electric dipole moment., Comment: 26 pages + 25 pages of appendices, 9 figures. v2: Matches published version

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10~TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work., Comment: 118 pages, 103 figures

We study corrections to observables related to the muon in the context of models of new physics which generate mass-enhanced corrections to the muon dipole moments. Working in the Standard Model effective theory, we demonstrate a correlation between the decay of the Higgs boson to muons, and the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the muon generated by the dominant matching corrections. This defines a novel way to classify predictions for a wide variety of models of new physics based on the pattern of deviations of these three observables. In particular, when applied to specific models we find that this correlation has a potential to rule out whole models or set upper bounds on the scale of new physics motivated by the muon anomalous magnetic moment., Comment: 28 pages + appendices, 8 figures. v2: Matches published version

We show that any new interaction resulting in a chirally-enhanced contribution to the muon magnetic moment necessarily modifies the decay rate of the Higgs boson to muon pairs or generates the muon electric dipole moment. These three observables are highly correlated, and near future measurements of $h\to \mu^+\mu^-$ will carve an ellipse in the plane of dipole moments for any such model. Together with the future measurements of the electric dipole moment many models able to explain the muon g-2 anomaly can be efficiently tested., Comment: 4 pages + references, 4 figures. v2: matches published version

In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV or more, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physics potential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In order to outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a few sensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are many opportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of them are in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeV energy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testing the possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20 TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stem from the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This is exemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of the current $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons., Comment: 73 pages, 28 figures; Contribution to Snowmass 2021

The perspective of designing muon colliders with high energy and luminosity, which is being investigated by the International Muon Collider Collaboration, has triggered a growing interest in their physics reach. We present a concise summary of the muon colliders potential to explore new physics, leveraging on the unique possibility of combining high available energy with very precise measurements., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures; Contribution to Snowmass 2021

We show that new physics explanations of the muon $g-2$ anomaly by the contributions of new leptons mediated by the standard model Higgs boson necessarily lead to large rates for $\mu^+ \mu^- \to hh$ and $\mu^+ \mu^- \to hhh$ irrespectively of details of the model or the scale of new physics. For new leptons with the same quantum numbers as the standard model leptons, cross sections are expected to be about 240 ab for $\mu^+ \mu^- \to hh$ independently of the center of mass energy, $\sqrt{s}$, and about 2.7 ab for $\mu^+ \mu^- \to hhh$ for $\sqrt{s} = 1$ TeV and growing quadratically with $\sqrt{s}$. Predictions for models featuring new leptons with different quantum numbers and for a type-II two Higgs doublet model, where additional Higgs bosons can contribute to muon $g-2$, are also presented., Comment: 4 pages + references, 4 figures. v2: minor additions to text and added appendix to match published version

We calculate contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon from heavy neutral and charged Higgs bosons and new leptons in two Higgs doublet models extended by vectorlike leptons. We present detailed predictions of two models with type-II couplings to standard model fermions, motivated by a $Z_2$ symmetry and supersymmetry. In addition, we compare the results with the standard model extended by vectorlike leptons. We find that the model motivated by a $Z_{2}$ symmetry can generate much larger contributions to the magnetic moment compared to the standard model, even by two orders of magnitude due to $\tan^{2}\beta$ enhancement, while satisfying current constraints. As a consequence, the standard model explanation of the anomaly requires much larger corrections to muon couplings making this model easier to probe at future precision machines. Additionally, we find that the model with couplings motivated by supersymmetry typically leads to much smaller contributions to the anomaly as a result of cancellations. However, we identify interesting scenarios where contributions from the charged Higgs boson can fully explain the anomaly., Comment: 24 pages (+ 15 pages appendices), 4 tables, 10 figures. v2: matches published version

We show that in a two Higgs doublet model type-II extended by vectorlike leptons the contributions from heavy neutral and charged Higgs bosons to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon simultaneously feature chiral enhancement from masses of new leptons and $\tan^2 \beta$ enhancement from couplings of Higgs bosons. Assuming moderate values of new Yukawa couplings, not exceeding one, that can remain perturbative to very high energy scales, the measured value of muon $g-2$ can be explained within one standard deviation even with 6.5 TeV leptons or 20 TeV Higgs bosons. Allowing new couplings near the perturbativity limit, these mass ranges extend to 45 TeV for leptons and 190 TeV for Higgs bosons. In spite of the high scale of new physics this scenario can be completely probed at planned future colliders., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. v2: Updated value of muon g-2, title slightly changed, and discussion added to match published version