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Keluarga yang hidup dengan tiga generasi (keluarga sandwich) menunjukkan adanya pertukaran bantuan berupa barang dan jasa antargenerasi yang mempererat hubungan keluarga sehingga dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertukaran barang-jasa dan kualitas hubungan keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup keluarga sandwich. Desain penelitian cross-sectional study. Lokasi penelitian di Kota Bogor yang dipilih secara purposive. Penelitian dilakukan pada tipe keluarga sandwich yaitu keluarga dengan tiga generasi yang terdiri atas suami-istri (G2), anak (G3), dan lansia (G1). Keluarga dalam penelitian merupakan keluarga dengan sosial ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Responden adalah istri (G2) yang menjawab pertanyaan terkait kondisi G1, G2, dan G3. Jumlah contoh adalah 140 keluarga yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)-PLS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertukaran barang-jasa, kualitas hubungan keluarga, dan kualitas hidup keluarga sandwich termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Hasil analisis SEM-PLS menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup keluarga sandwich dipengaruhi langsung oleh pertukaran barang-jasa dan kualitas hubungan keluarga. Keluarga dapat memastikan proses interaksi yang baik di dalam keluarga untuk menunjang pertukaran barang-jasa dalam mewujudkan kualitas hidup keluarga.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Tax Service Offices’ leaders in the era of economic turbulence. Tax Service Office provides counseling, services, and supervision to Taxpayers. As public organizations, Tax Service Offices can become more competitive by cultivating effective leaders who combine style-oriented strategies with capabilities reflected in leadership behavior. This study applied descriptive analysis conducted to several Tax Service Offices in Jakarta within the Directorate General of Taxes, with a total of 542 questionnaires distributed to their employees. The findings show that a combination of leadership styles, such as transformational, transactional, adaptive, responsive, innovative, and competent, is extremely needed in this era of change. In addition, the level of experience and education is one of the criteria to improve effective leadership in the Indonesian Tax Service Offices.

Migrasi internasional menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan peran dalam keluarga yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan yang dirasakan keluarga pekerja migran perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kontribusi ekonomi perempuan, interaksi keluarga, dan dukungan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga pekerja migran perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan struktural fungsional dengan desain studi kuantitatif. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan menggunakan non-probability sampling yaitu menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan metode snowball. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 120 keluarga pekerja migran perempuan yang berada di Kecamatan Masbagik, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan bantuan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan program Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) dan perangkat lunak Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil uji pengaruh menunjukkan dukungan sosial berpengaruh langsung terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga. Dukungan sosial terbesar yang diterima suami berasal dari teman/tetangga yang merupakan salah satu dari lingkungan terdekat suami. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa dukungan sosial memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kesejahteraan yang dirasakan keluarga pekerja migran perempuan.

Pekerjaan rumah tangga merupakan fondasi dalam membangun kesejahteraan keluarga, namun aktivitas ibu rumah tangga belum dianggap penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh alokasi waktu ibu rumah tangga dan nilai ekonomi ibu rumah tangga terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori struktural fungsional. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional melalui wawancara online sebagai cara pengambilan data primer. Contoh penelitian berjumlah 99 responden yang dipilih secara purposif di SDN Sukasari Kota Bogor dengan kriteria ibu yang tidak bekerja, keadaan keluarga lengkap (ayah, ibu, dan anak), dan memiliki anak berusia 11-12 tahun. Alokasi waktu ibu ditemukan paling besar pada aktivitas domestik dan paling rendah pada aktivitas waktu luang. Pada penelitian ini, tingkat kebahagiaan ibu termasuk pada kategori tinggi. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa alokasi waktu domestik dan alokasi waktu luang (leisure) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bantuan dari pasangan akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan ibu.

This study aims to test and analyzes the relationship between organizational life cycle characteristics and survivability of a digital startup in the early stage. In establishing new startup and managing early stage, founders have been facing two-fold pages. On one side, the opportunities exploration and exploitation require freedom to acts. On the other side, newly organization faces liability of newness traps that consider organizational formalization and organizational capability. The relationship among aspects is formulated as two-paths mediating roles on the impact of liability of newness and startup survivability. Questionnaires were distributed to 415 respondents in Greater Jakarta City, Indonesia. The study considered Jakarta represented Indonesian digital startup ecosystem. This newly established and still developing startup ecosystem that characterizes the early stages of OLC is considered relevant to the study. The data was analyzed quantitatively using SEM method. The result shows the linkage between the two-paths of mediating role. Since the opportunities are central of mindset for survivability, external legitimacy becomes antecedents of external opportunities as well as reliability and accountability required from organizational formalization and capability. Founders need to understand and translate the impact of liability of newness to establish an appropriate and better organization formalization and organization capability for startup survivability. This study contributes to enrich the early stage of organizational life cycle theory as well as to enhance startup founders’ managerial practices.

Percerain mendatangkan berbagai perubahan yang berdampak pada kebahagiaan keluarga. Demi menciptakan kebahagiaan yang dapat membuat keluarga memiliki gambaran positif mengenai hidupnya, dibutuhkan dukungan, kemampuan mengatasi stres, serta kemampuan orang tua dan anak dalam menjalani relasi yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, karakteristik mantan suami, dukungan mantan suami, strategi koping, dan relasi orang tua-anak terhadap kebahagiaan keluarga tunggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan menggunakan non probability sampling dengan teknik voluntary sampling. Penelitian dilakukan kepada keluarga tunggal yang mengalami cerai hidup, mantan suami masih hidup, dan memiliki anak yang bertempat tinggal di Indonesia. Contoh dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendapatan ibu berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap strategi koping, dukungan mantan suami berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap relasi orang tua-anak, serta pendapatan ibu dan strategi koping berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kebahagiaan keluarga. Keluarga tunggal dapat bangkit dari krisis akibat perceraian dengan meningkatkan usaha untuk menambah pendapatan, dan menjaga komunikasi positif dengan mantan suami terkait dengan kerja sama dalam merawat anak. Mantan suami juga diharapkan untuk dapat meningkatkan kasih sayang serta tanggung jawabnya walaupun anak tinggal bersama ibunya.

The study was conducted in Batang Regency, Central Java. Still high levels of family poverty in this area, especially the condition of the family head women and tend to have non-permanent work, make the authors interested in doing this in-property research. Research methods using quantitative mixed methods are strengthened by qualitative analysis. The sampling technique uses stratified random sampling, using the Slovin formula to determine the magnitude of the number of respondents. The study population numbered 535, with a total sample of research were 229 female heads of households. The results showed that indicators of group roles and companion roles had a very large contribution in encouraging the characteristics of women's household heads to be more empowered. Through a companion role, making a family of female heads more actively communicating. Through the development of public speaking, establishing a critical culture in the group, thus growing self-confidence, forming a empowered, independent, and potential self. Important research is conducted to see the extent to which the women's head program has walked the trunk, creating many tough women. Research novelty was obtained based on a combination of group communication attributed to economic empowerment.

Perwiratama Group is one of the companies in the business industry that must compete with another company in the same segmentation. One way to compete is by knowing the factors of job satisfaction and employee engagement at Perwiratama Group. These variables are job satisfaction factors and employee engagement. Respondents of this study were 84 employees of Perwiratama Group in four business units. The research method used is multiple linear regression. The result of this study shows that job satisfaction variable on work, job satisfaction on salary, and job satisfaction on co-workers influence employee engagement variables. While job satisfaction variables on promotion and job satisfaction on supervision of employee engagement variables have no effect. Adjusted R Square results are 0.431 or 43.1%. This value shows that the variables of job satisfaction factors (job satisfaction at work, job satisfaction on salary, job satisfaction on promotion, supervision of job satisfaction, and job satisfaction on colleagues) affect employee engagement variables at Perwiratama Group by 43.1%, while the rest is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.

Keluarga yang dikepalai perempuan rentan terhadap kemiskinan yang tak lain disebabkan oleh faktor pendapatan yang rendah dan lingkungan yang tidak mendukung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan diteliti secara kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tekanan ekonomi, coping ekonomi, dan dukungan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan perempuan kepala keluarga. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 perempuan yang bercerai dan memiliki anak di Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan non-probability voluntary sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rata-rata usia responden adalah 39 tahun dan lama menjanda adalah 4 tahun. Sebagian besar responden memiliki pekerjaan tidak tetap dengan pendapatan di bawah garis upah minimum provinsi. Lebih dari setengah (66,0%) responden memiliki rasio aset lebih sedikit daripada utang dan semua (100,0%) responden memiliki utang. Variabel tekanan ekonomi, coping ekonomi, dukungan sosial, dan kesejahteraan berada pada kategori sedang. Karakteristik seperti pekerjaan dan lama menjanda berpengaruh positif dan negatif signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Coping ekonomi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Dukungan sosial juga berpengaruh positif siginifikan terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Pekerjaan dan rentang lama menjanda menjadi faktor yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga. Kesejahteraan pun dapat diperoleh jika perempuan kepala keluarga tidak memiliki utang. Semakin sedikit coping ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan kepala keluarga, serta semakin banyak dukungan sosial yang didapatkan akan meningkatkan tingkat kesejahteraannya.

An increased number of coronavirus cases infection has resulted in instability of household, which has an impact on family quality of life (QoL), and the facts during Covid-19 pandemic are contrary to the structural-functional theory, which emphasizes system stability and balance. This study aims to analyze the effect of religiosity, economic pressure, stress levels, and family management on family QoL during the Covid-19 pandemic and to analyze family typology based on stress levels, economic pressure, and family QoL. This study uses a quantitative approach and voluntary sampling method with 270 respondents selected based on criteria of working mothers or homemakers with working husbands. The higher frequency of religiosity and the smaller the economic pressure, the lower risk of high-stress levels. The high-stress levels and economic pressure decrease the family QoL, but the QoL increase if the family can carry out good financial management. Increasing the frequency of religiosity would improve family QoL by reducing stress levels. The typology is dominated by economic pressure and low QoL, while the typology of stress level and balanced QoL is dominated by the best type (low-stress levels, high QoL) and both low types. Reduced economic pressure, improved financial management, and stress management are important to preserve or improve QoL.

Kemitraan orang tua dan keberfungsian keluarga merupakan faktor dominan dalam memengaruhi kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan peran gender orang tua-remaja dalam fungsi keluarga dan kesejahteraan subjektif remaja antara remaja laki-laki dan perempuan; dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional study melalui metode pengumpulan data non-probability voluntary sampling dengan analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Jumlah contoh penelitian sebanyak 277 keluarga yang mempunyai remaja bersekolah di SMP negeri di Kota Bogor dan tinggal bersama kedua orang tuanya. Hasil Independent T-Test menunjukkan bahwa peran gender orang tua-remaja dalam pelaksanaan aktivitas fungsi keluarga pada remaja perempuan lebih baik daripada remaja laki-laki, sedangkan tingkat kesejahteraan subjektif pada kedua kelompok remaja tidak berbeda signifikan. Variabel laten karakteristik remaja memengaruhi kesejahteraan subjektif remaja baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui peran gender orang tua-remaja. Variabel laten karakteristik keluarga juga memengaruhi kesejahteraan subjektif remaja secara tidak langsung melalui peran gender orang tua-remaja. Terakhir, variabel laten peran gender orang tua-remaja berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Dengan demikian, orang tua diharapkan mampu menjalankan fungsi keluarga pada remaja tanpa bias gender sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif remaja.

Lansia perempuan yang memiliki pasangan akan kesulitan merasakan kebermaknaan hidup jika tidak ditunjang dengan keberfungsian keluarga dan terjalinnya interaksi suami-istri yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik lansia, karakteristik keluarga, integritas diri, interaksi suami-istri, dan fungsi keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup lansia. Contoh dalam penelitan ini adalah lansia perempuan berusia 60 tahun ke atas yang tinggal di Perdesaanperdesaan (Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor) dan perkotaan (Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor), berstatus menikah, dan mempunyai tempat tinggal pribadi atau tidak menumpang dengan anak dengan total contoh berjumlah 120 lansia perempuan. Teknik pemilihan responden menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa fungsi keluarga lansia di perkotaan lebih tinggi capaiannya dibandingkan di perdesaan. Dimensi fungsi agama, fungsi cinta kasih, fungsi ekonomi, dan fungsi pembinaan lingkungan pada keluarga lansia di perkotaan lebih tinggi capaiannya dibandingkan di perdesaan. Perbedaan signifikan pada dimensi kemandirian dan kebebasan, lingkungan rumah dan tetangga, kesejahteraan dan psikologis emosional, keadaan keuangan, serta aktivitas keagamaan dan waktu luang antara lansia di perdesaan dan perkotaan. Kualitas hidup lansia di perkotaan lebih tinggi capaiannya daripada lansia di perdesaan. Kualitas hidup lansia dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh lama pendidikan istri, jumlah keluhan penyakit, pendapatan per kapita, dan fungsi keluarga.

The advancement of information and communication technology have a positive and negative impacts on family ties and values. These developments also change the order of family life as the smallest unit in society. Family interaction and communication also change along with social change in society. The purposes of this study are: first, to explore the topics of conversation and interaction of adolescents with their families. Second, to depict four types of communication between adolescents and their families. This study was conducted for 6 months in 6 high schools in Bogor with qualitative methods. Data were obtained through focus group discussion (FGD) in each high school with a total of 12 FGDs. The number of informants involved in the FGD were 60 students aged 15-18 years old. The FGD results show that most of theadolescents shared their personal problems to peers than to parents. The topics presented by adolescents to parents included events at school (lessons, teachers, friends), television shows, ideals, sports, and politics. Some adolescents who had close relationships with parents did not hesitate to share their personal problems and interests of the opposite sex to their parents. Adolescents who had closeness to parents tend to be more open and were able to control their emotions. The findings of this study are expected to provide inputto the family as well as to improve the quality of communication between adolescents and parents.

Data BPS untuk tiga tahun terakhir menunjukkan bahwa petani Indonesia sudah sejahtera dengan nilai tukar petani mencapai >100. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh peran gender dan interaksi suami-istri terhadap indeks kebahagiaan keluarga petani. Pendekatan penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional study. Pengumpulan data primer menggunakan teknik wawancara melalui kuesioner. Pada penelitian ini, sampel dipilih secara purposive di Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kriteria suami adalah bekerja sebagai petani padi sawah serta istri bekerja yang menghasilkan uang. Jumlah sampel 70 orang. Hasilnya, kategori untuk variabel peran gender, interaksi suami-istri, serta indeks kebahagiaan keluarga petani adalah sedang. Ada perbedaan peran gender serta interaksi suami-istri keluarga petani setiap masanya. Data uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh usia suami, pendapatan per kapita keluarga, serta interaksi suami-istri terhadap indeks kebahagiaan keluarga petani. Semakin tinggi usia suami, semakin besar pendapatan per kapita dan semakin intens interaksi suami-istri, semakin sejahtera keluarga petani. Implikasi penelitian adalah perlunya peningkatan indeks kebahagiaan petani melalui peningkatan pendapatan per kapita dan interaksi keluarga.

Jakarta memiliki 28.819 kader PKK sampai tingkat Rukun Tetangga (RT) dan 70.902 kelompok dasawisma sebagai role model keluarga sejahtera bagi masyarakat di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik pekerja sosial dan pasangan, interaksi suami istri, dan kesejahteraan subjektif terhadap kualitas perkawinan pekerja sosial di Provinsi Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Contoh penelitian ini adalah pekerja sosial yang berprofesi sebagai kader Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) tingkat kelurahan pada 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur. Sebanyak 100 pekerja sosial yang terdiri atas kelompok lama menikah ≤10 tahun dan >10 tahun dipilih menggunakan teknik disproportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode self-report dan dianalisis dengan SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) dan SmartPLS (partial least squares). Uji t menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pendapatan keluarga, pendidikan, interaksi suami istri, kesejahteraan subjektif, dan kualitas perkawinan pada kedua kelompok lama menikah. Rata-rata indeks interaksi suami istri dan kualitas perkawinan lebih tinggi dari kesejahteraan subyektif. Pendidikan dan pendapatan keluarga berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap interaksi suami istri. Kesejahteraan subjektif dan interaksi suami istri berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas perkawinan. Interaksi suami istri melalui kesejahteraan subjektif berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kualitas perkawinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh lama menikah terhadap kualitas perkawinan.

Families have obligations to protect and care for their children. The general objective of this study was to analyze the gender of the investment and the quality of the children in highland farmers. The study was conducted at highland areas at Cianjur Regency (Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas Sub-district) and Bogor Regency (Petir Village, Dramaga Sub-district). The findings showed that they were 4 (four) indicators of child investment latent variable such as the allocation of time togetherness between parents and children, investment in education and health, material allocations, and protection of children. Moreover, there were 5 (five) indicators of child quality latent variable such as the physical quality, learning achievement, child's behavior, psycho-social-spiritual, and the quality of life. The first result showed that there was no difference between boys and girls in total of child investment, but there was significantly difference between boys and girls in total of child quality. The second result proved that the latent variable of child investment has significantly positive effect on latent variable of child quality. As recommendation, the study need to be continued with various family characteristics and broadening analysis such as the effect of child investment and child quality to the child happiness.

Well-being of family and child can help them to deal with problems that occur in their lives. The main objectives of the study were to analyze using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on the examination of the effect of family characteristics and child-parents relations on family and child subjective well-being. This was a census method and a descriptive cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted on highland farmer families living in Cianjur Regency as a typical rural family and the sub-urban of Bogor City boundary as a typical sub urban family. Samples of this study amounted to 203 families consisting of 99 families with males and 104 families with females who were examined through the census method in selected primary schools. There was no significantly difference between the reports of children and mothers to the variables of child and parent relations. However, there was a significantly difference between the child's and mother's reports to the subjective well-being variable with the condition that the child reports higher in subjective well-being for both material and non-material well-being compared to his/her mother's report. The results showed that gender latent variables directly influence the latent variable of child-parent relations. Finally, the latent variable of child-parent relationship had a direct effect on the latent variable of family and children's subjective well-being for both material and non-material.

The developmental of self-esteem is very important for adolescents. The high self-esteem refers to ability to predict the success and well-being of adolescents in their adulthood. This study examines the influence of parents-adolescent communication and attachment on adolescents’ self-esteem in intact and single-parent families. This research design was cross-sectional study and was conducted in public and private high schools and vocational schools in Bekasi City. School selection is done purposively. Participants of this study were 200 students who fit with the criteria which are students of class X - XII with an age range of 14-19 years from selected schools in the city of Bekasi from intact and single families. Data analysis wa done by descriptive and inferential analysis (independent t-test and multiple linear regression test). The results showed that family status has a significant influence on adolescent’s self-esteem. Parent-adolescent communication and parent-adolescent attachment have significant positive influence on adolescent’s self-esteem. The implications of research indicates the importance of support and education for families and adolescents to improve self-esteem, especially in adolescents from a single family, for example, changing negative perceptions to positive (feeling yourself useless, worthless to be useful and valuable for others).

Mothers and fathers have the same role in parenting, but the role of fathers in parenting is still in the low category especially in Indonesia. The research purpose was to analyze the influence of family characteristics, child characteristics, mothering, and father involvement in parenting on child cognitive development. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in Cibatok Dua Village, Cibungbulang Sub District, Bogor Regency as a representative of the stunting high-prevalence area. Respondents were selected purposively. The population was 154 children from nine Posyandu with a total sample of 100 children aged 2-3 years and their families and selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Descriptive analysis results show that father involvement in parenting and child cognitive development is in a low category and there are no differences between boys and girls. However, mothering is in a low category and there are differences between boys and girls. The results of the regression test found that there was a significant positive effect of child age, family income, and father involvement in parenting on child cognitive development. The results of the research indicate that the child’s age, family income, and father involvement in parenting have a positive significant effect on child cognitive development.

Most farmers and fishermen in Indonesia have limitations in meeting economic, social, and other standard needs. This limitation shows the low level of family well-being. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of fishermen and onion farm laborers, women's economic contributions, economic pressures and family well-being. The location of the study was carried out at two locations, in Kali Adem Muara Angke and Losari Lor Village, with a participants of 130 respondents (60 fisherman's wives and 70 wives onion farm workers). The data collected in this study are primary data (interview method). Data processing and analysis are carried out descriptively and inferently (t-test and regression). The results showed that the economic contribution made by the fishermen's family was greater than that of the onion farmer family. The families of fishermen and onion farm workers in this study both in the sea / harvest season and in the season do not go to sea / famine included in the category of moderate economic pressure. Family well-being experienced by the families of fishermen and workers' families both in the sea / harvest season and in the season does not go to sea / famine including the medium category. The effect test shows that the variable number of family members and income per capita have a significant positive influence on family well-being. In addition, economic pressure variable has a significant negative influence on family well-being.

The rapid increasing flow of globalization causes young people (including adolescent) experience various challenges in life. The present research proposes the role of demographic factors of young people and their family, young people’s knowledge on drug abuse and HIV, and family’s knowledge about family development program in drug using among young people. This study used secondary analysis of the 2017 Survey of Population, Family Planning and Family Development Program Performance, National Medium Term Development Plan Year 2017 (KKBPK RPJMN 2017) which was designed to produce parameter in Provincial and National levels.The unit of analysis was young people aged 15-24 years who have never been married in Indonesia. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the inferential statistics. Results indicate that the risk factors of young people which make them more likely to use drug are living in urban area, between the ages of 20-24 years, male, having low education level, having moderate drug abuse and HIV knowledge indexes. The family contexts examining the risk factors are family whose head was under 40 years of age, single-parent family, family whose head was female, family with moderate to high educational level, low level of family’s wealth, and high family development program index.

Previous research show that the quality of marriage is determined by harmonious gender relations and high family resilience. This study aims to analyze the influence of gender relations and family resilience on the quality of marriage in the families of farmers and fishermen. This study used a cross-sectional study design and was conducted in Pantai Sederhana Village, Bekasi Regency for participants of fishermen and Losari Lor Village, Brebes Regency for participants of peasant farmers of ‘brondol’ onions. The research participants was chosen by purposive sampling with a total sample of 130 families. The results of the independent t-test showed that fishermen's families had better gender relations compared to the families of peasant farmers. Overall, family resilience of fishermen and peasant farmers had a very significant difference. The average index of family resilience of peasant farmer families (88,9) was higher than fishermen families (83,7). The average quality of marriages of fisherman families (84,7) was better than peasant farmers families (58,6). Regression results indicate that the factors that influence the quality of marriage are gender relations, per capita income, and family resilience. Hence, the fishermen families and peasant families of red onion are expected to be able to improve gender relations whether in public, domestic and social activities as well as improve family resilience so the quality of the marriage will increase.

Optimization of family functions can be realized by dividing tasks for each family member as an effort to improve the health and nutrition status of pregnant women so that they can reduce maternal and infant mortality in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the role of husband on the subjective well-being of wife with newborn baby. The study design used a cross sectional study and carried out in Tuppu Health Center, Lembang Subdistrict, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province by involving 110 wives in intact families and was having children up to 6 months of age; selected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires then were analyzed by descriptive and multiple regression test. The results of the study found that the average role of husbands when his wife was pregnant and giving birth is in the low category, especially in the dimensions of domestic roles and social roles. Wife's subjective well-being is in the medium category. Family typology based on husband's role and wife's subjective well-being when was pregnant and giving birth are mostly classified into type 2. Meanwhile, the duration of husband's education, family income and husband's role in domestic role and social role dimensions have a significant positive effect on subjective well-being of wife with newborn baby.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of family characteristics, adolescent-mother communication pattern, adolescent-mother communication pattern and teacher-mother communication pattern to academic achievement. The specified sample has the criteria of adolescents still having mothers and live with mothers totaling 71 adolescents consisting of 31 boys and 40 girls, chosen purposively by research sites in high school in Bogor City. Data is collected by self-administrated. The results showed a significant difference in the communication of the orientation dimension of adolescent conversation with mothers in teenage boys and girls, with common answers of teenage girls higher than a male adolescent. Communication of adolescents with mothers is still based on the orientation dimension of the conversation and the orientation of conformity categorized quite well. While mother communication with teacher showed the result which still classified as still good enough, but still found also almost one fourth communications mother with the teacher (23,9%) which is low. Based on the regression test showed that factors that have a significant positive effect on academic achievement are maternal age and adolescent communication with mothers according to teenage answers.

Poverty can occur due to increasing of economic demands that affect the level of family well-being. It encourages wives to work in the public sector. Family well-being could be influenced by husband and wife cooperation regarding gender roles and decision making. This study aimed to analyze the gender role, decision making, and well-being of dual-earner families who were the wives had micro-enterprises and lived in Jakarta. This study used cross-sectional design and involved 62 families who are selected purposively. The participants were intact families who were the wives had micro-enterprises and the husband worked in formal or informal sectors. Data was collected by an interview using questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the average scores of the overall gender role and decision making in the dominant category on one subject (husband or wife only). The family subjective and objective well-being was generally in the high category. The husband's age and gender roles were positively and significantly related to the family subjective well-being, then family subjective well-being was positively and significantly related to the family objective well-being. Moreover, family subjective well-being was significantly positive influenced by domestic domain dimension of gender roles and family income.

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the effect of socioeconomic characteristics, consumer reference group, and the intensity of having consumer education on consumer empowerment among the residents of urban and rural area in Bogor. Better socio-economic characteristics were associated with better consumer empowerment, i.e. more the subjects were more skillful, more to acknowledge their rights, and more assertive. Reference group had no direct effect on the consumer empowerment, but indirectly affected it through its consumer educational aspect. The intensity of consumer education was found to improve the consumer empowerment. All results applied to both in rural and urban areas.Keywords: socio-economic, consumer empowerment, consumer education, reference groupJEL Classification Number : D100, D180AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik sosial ekonomi, kelompok rujukan dan intensitas mengikuti pendidikan konsumen terhadap keberdayaan konsumen. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang semakin baik dan jumlah kelompok rujukan semakin banyak akan meningkatkan intensitas mengikuti kegiatan pendidikan konsumen. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi berpengaruh baik langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap keberdayaan konsumen, artinya kondisi sosial ekonomi yang lebih baik akan meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen menjadi lebih terampil, tahu hak-haknya dan lebih tegas. Kelompok rujukan secara langsung tidak meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen, namun secara tidak langsung melalui pendidikan konsumen yang lebih intensif dapat meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen. Intensitas mengikuti pendidikan konsumen mampu meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen baik di perdesaan maupun perkotaan.Keywords: sosial ekonomi, keberdayaan, konsumen, pendidikan, kelompok rujukanJEL Classification Number: D100, D180

Family communication is needed to build a strong bonding between the adolescents and their parents. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of characteristics of the adolescent and family to adolescent’s communication patterns with father and mother. Respondents were grade of 2nd high school students in Bogor City as many as 372 students aged 15-18 years old. Communication patterns were measured by five dimensions that are the topic, duration, frequency, media, and situation of communication. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation. The results showed that there were differences in communication between boys and girls with their father and mother. Adolescents were more open and more often communicate with mother than father, both boys and girls. Other findings showed a significant negative correlation between the age of the fathers and the topic of conversation of adolescents-fathers (r=-0,126, p=0,015). In addition, there was a very significant negative correlation between birth order of adolescent with the topic of conversation of adolescents-mothers (r=-0,174, p=0,001) and communication media (r=-0,140, p=0,007). Similarly, the age of the mother and the topic of adolescents-mothers were very significant negative correlation (r=0,135, p=0,009). These findings revealed limited communication between father and his adolescent

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the characteristics of children, mothers, and grandmothers; maternal and grandmother parenting style; mother-child and grandmother-grandchild attachment on the development of autonomy and cognitive of preschool children. Participants in this study were 156 respondents (52 preschoolers, 52 working mothers and 52 grandmothers). The data used in this study were primary data (interview and observation method). Processing and analyzing data was done by descriptive (cross tabulation) and inferential (t-test, one way ANOVA and regression) test. The results showed that mothers and grandmothers applied good parenting and attachment. In addition, children were taken care of grandmother have good development of autonomy and cognitive. Research found that the younger mother, the lower level of education of mother and grandmother, the increase of authoritative parenting styles of mother, the decrease of parenting style of authoritarian mother, and the increase of grandmother-grandchild attachment will affect the increase of autonomy of preschool children. Meanwhile, the younger grandmother, the lower education of grandmother, the older children when they were first raised by grandmother, the increase of mother-child and grandmother-grandchild attachment influence significantly the increase of child's cognitive development. The role of the grandmother found to be significant in this study.

The study aimed to analyze the effect of gender roles and micro environment maintenance on subjective well-being of farmer families in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas Sub-District, Cianjur District, West Java Province. Samples as much as 100 farmer families were selected purposively. Data was collected by interview and observation the home environment. The data collected include family characteristics, characteristics of the home environment, family problems (economic, home environment, and agriculture), micro environment maintenance (hygiene and health, pesticide management, children protection, and homeyard management), the division of gender roles (public, domestic, and social community), and family well-being (physical, economic, social, psychological, homeyard conditions, and garden conditions). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that family income (β=0,222, p

Poverty is one of major socio-economics problems in Indonesia. Poverty level of indonesia in 2009 is 15.42 percent. Therefore, government implements Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), as one of the poverty alleviation efforts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of gender relations toward wife’s symptom of stress and marriage quality in PKH family’s receivers. The objectives of the study were: (1) To described the socio-economic and demographic of the family, (2) to know the gender relations, (3) To explained the symptoms of stress, (4) To found out the marriage quality, and (5) To analyzed the factors affecting marriage quality. The respondents were the wives of 131 poor families. This was a cross sectional study which was performed among poor families in Bogor District, West Java province during May to June 2009. Arround three-fourth (75%) of the samples had gender perspectives in good category. Around half (54%) of the samples had imbalanced distributions of roles between husband and wife, that was shown by husband’s dominance in public sectors, and wife’s dominance in domestic sectors. Arround three-fourth (72%) of the samples had mild symptom of stress, and had happiness and satisfaction toward their marriage. Finally, based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), it was shown that the marriage quality was directly influenced by the stress’ symptom of wife. Thus, the lower level of wife’s symptom of stress, then the higher the level of marriage quality. Unfortunately, this study could not prove that gender relations effect the marriage quality

One of the purposes of the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) is to pursue the gender equality and women empowerment to eradicate the gender gap. In general, there has been existed partnership between men and women in daily living. The aims of the study were to analyze: (1) The characteristics of the undergraduate students, (2) The characteristics of the students’ family (parents’ education, parents’ occupation, and family income), and (3) the perception of students toward gender roles in domestic and publicsocial activities. Results pointed out that women are viewed by community as actors who have roles in expresssive figures and have functions as care taker and educator of the family, while men are viewed by community as actors who have roles in instrumental figures and have functions as main breadwinner. Women have more gender perspective than men. It means that women have thought in more flexible ways that gender roles could be changed and exchanged between men and women. Based on the Spearmen correlation test, it showed that the more individual has gender perspectives in domestic gender roles, the more that individual has gender perspectives in public and social roles, and vice versa. Finally, there was indication that the higher the social status of the father, then the more perception of the father toward public and social roles that tended to be part of the men’s roles rather than women’s roles, as patriarchy system placed men to be main breadwinners.

The purposes of the study were: (1) to analyze the influence of leadership style and work motivation on organizational commitment; (2) analyze the influence of leadership style, employee motivation, and organizational commitment to employee performance; (3) analyze the effect of leadership style on job motivation; (4) analyze the effect of work motivation on leadership style. The data were collected by using questionnaire with 81 respondents, and subsequently processed by the method of Structural Equation Modelling of Lisrel Program. The results of the study showed that leadership style has the most influencing impact regarding the indicators of the reward explanation. Work motivation which has the most influencing impact is the pride indicators in completing works. The organizational commitment which has the most influencing impact is the indicator of the organization boasts to others. Performance which has the most influencing impact is indicated by the ability to cooperate with others. Thus, leadership style has a greater influence on organizational commitment than on performance. Work motivation also has a greater influence on organizational commitment than on performance. The organizational commitment has the most impact on performance compared to the leadership style and motivation, while leadership style has a greater influence on work motivation than work motivation on leadership styles.Keywords: leadership style, employee performance, organizational commitment, work motivation

Financial problem is a common problem experienced by young families. Economic limitedness is often the source of conflict between husband and wife. This makes the families become depressed. Good financial management is expected to neutralize economic pressure faced by young families so that this won’t disturb the process of interaction that can affect family welfare. This research aimed to analyze objective and subjective economic pressure, financial management, objective and subjective welfare of young families. This research used cross sectional design involving 120 young families with maximum age of husband was 30 years old and also had at least one child under 6 years old. The sampling was done by using stratified nonpropotional random sampling with the age of wives ranging from

This research aimed to analyze the value of children and preferred number of children among eligible couples in rural and urban areas. Specifically, the research examined the family characteristics, the value and preferred number of children, and the visit of family planning providers between rural and urban areas; and assessed the influence of the independent variables on preferred number of children. The design of the study was cross-sectional; and involeved 60 married women aged 15-49 years old from eligible couples who resided in Sirna Sari Village, Tanjung Sari, Bogor as a representative of rural areas and 60 of those who resided in Gudang Village, Bogor Tengah, Bogor as a representative of urban areas. The results of mean test confirmed that education level of both husband and women, the age of first marriage, the visit of family planning providers, the value of children, value of children in cost dimension, and preferred number of children were different among those who lived in rural and urban areas. Moreover, the results showed that region of residence, the age of first marriage among women, living children, family income per capita, and the visit of family planning providers affected significantly preferred number of children.

In achieving better child well-being, international and Indonesia have agreed to increase efforts in the protection of children, including increasing the capacity of parents to perform better parenting. Time-shared activities among parent and children are important factor to create qualified parenting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the time-shared activities among parents-children and child protection in the family and its influence on children’s subjective well-being. This study was a cross-sectional design. Study sites were selected purposively at Ciputri Village, Pacet Sub District; and Sindang Jaya Village, Cipanas Sub District, Cianjur DistrictWest Java Province. One hundred and twenty families were purposively chosen among farmer families. Findings showed that the time-shared activities among parents-children were categorized as in low level. Child protection in physical aspect was in the low category but the environmental protection of child was in high category. Children’s subjective well-being was in the high category. Independent variables that influenced the children’s subjective well-being were time-shared activities among parents-children and physical protection. It was recommended to conduct socialization about the importance of child protection and time-shared activities among parents-children on improving children’s subjective well-being among farmer families.

Quality of human resources can be generated by child investment that conducted by parents. The study aimed to analyze correlation between investment and quality of school-aged children of farmer family in Cirebon District, West Java Province. Samples were farmer families who had children of school-age (11-12 years) in Buyut village that were selected by simple random sampling. This research involved 30 farmer families. Data was collected by interview with questionnaires and in-depth interview. Data was analyzed by correlation test. Child investment consist of material investment (family expenditure for child) and nonmaterial investment (time allocation, parent-child communication, and parenting pattern). Child quality consist of physical quality, cognitive quality, psicosocial quality, and child behavior. The results showed that child investment and child quality of farmer families were in the moderate category. Child investment will be better with increasing child’s age and parental education. Family investment especially nonmaterial investments correlated significantly with child quality. Child quality will be better with increasing nonmaterial investment who were done by family.

This research was to analyze the role of gender, women's economic contribution, and family welfare of horticulture families in Sindangjaya village, Cianjur District, West Java Province. This research involved 30 families that chosen purposively and collecting data was held by interview. Gender roles consist of gender roles in domestic, public, and farm financial management activities. Economic contribution was measured by the proportion of women income in family income. Objective well-being was measured by poverty line of BPS and subjective well-being was measured by wife’s satisfaction. Data was analyzed by descriptively and Pearson correlation test. The results showed that gender roles in domestic and public activities in moderate category and gender roles in farm financial management in high category. Average of women's economic contribution in family income was 11,3 percent. Mostly family were nonpoor families base on BPS indicator and also had subjective well-being in moderate category. Women's economic contribution was correlated significantly with objective and subjective well-being.

This research aimed to analyze the contribution of economic, double burden, and well-being of women factory labor family. This research involved 60 families that were selected purposively. Families that involved in this research were complete families whose the wife worked as factory labor. Data was collected through interview by using questionnaire. Economic contribution was measured by proportion of wife income toward family income. Double burden was measured by total number of roles and frequency of each role. Subjective well-being was measured by wife satisfaction of their life. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that average women’s economic contribution were 51,0 percent and double burden were categorized as moderate. Subjective well-being generally grouped as moderate. Wife’s education and balancing work and family strategy were positively correlated with subjective well-being. Subjective well-being was influenced by wife’s education and balancing work-family strategy.

The study aimed to examine the relationship between child abuse, children’s psychological condition, the behavior, and satisfaction to family well-being. Participants were purposively selected, involved 35 children from 56 child victims of child abuse period 2007-2009 based on data from Bogor Police Station. Data collected by interview with questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results showed that the variables related to child abuse include father’s education (r=-0,515;p

The aim of study was to analyze social supports, parental function, family’s interaction, marital quality, and child’s condition at family of migrant woman worker. The study implemented cross sectional and retrospective study design. The total sample was 47 family of migrant woman workers who had school-age’s children. Data was analyzed by descriptive, Pearson correlation test, independent sample t-test, and regression test. The results found out that families had social support in moderate category and parenting in high category. Husband-wife interaction and father-child interaction falls into the high category, while the mother-child interaction in the moderate category. However, more than half of children had moderate stress and low achievement at school. Mostly families had high marriage quality. Father-child interaction and husband-wife interaction had positive affects to marriage quality. The length of the wife as migrant had negative affects to child’s conditions. However, income had positive affects on the conditions of child.

The main purpose of this research was to know the effect of family socio-economic characteristics towards parenting pattern of studying habits among elementary and secondary high schools. The respondents were parents from elementary and secondary high school. This was a cross sectional study which was performed among 400 parents at District of Indramayu, West Java Province in February-March 2009 who was selected purposively by the school principals. This research used the secondary data from the research investigated by Puspitawati et al. (2009) with title of “Parent Satisfaction Survey of Basic Education Services Provided by Decentralized School System“ that was funded by PRMAP-ADB and Bappenas collaborated with LPPM-IPB. The results showed that most of respondents facilitated their children’s education at home with quite good level of facilities at home. It was shown that parents implemented parenting pattern of studying habits among their children with moderate level of parenting pattern. Based on SEM analysis, it was found that parenting pattern of studying habits performed by parents was influenced directly positive by family social characteristics among elementary students; it was influenced directly and indirectly negative by family social characteristics among secondary high school students; and it was influenced directly positive by family economic characteristics and education facilities at home among all students.

Globalization that develops in line with development of science and technology such as film, soap opera, and music do not only give positive influence but also have brought negative influence for Indonesian people who still extremely hold norms especially religion norm. The aimed of this research was to analyze the perception about interaction of opposite gender of college students. This research used cross sectional study design. The research was done in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor. Respondents of this research were 146 students of undergraduate of 2nd and 3rd grade in the year 2008, consist of 43 men and 103 women. Almost all of respondents had conservative perception about interaction of opposite gender. The study found significant correlation between: (1) respondents perception about interaction of opposite gender with type of gender, cumulative achievement index, trait and personality, (2) interaction of opposite gender respondents’ behaviour with type of gender, trait and personality, monthly pocket money, and respondents’ perception about interaction of opposite gender. Multiple regression analysis showed that type of gender and trait and personality variables had significant effect on perception of interaction of opposite gender.

The main purpose of this research was to know the effect of working women’s strategy in balancing between work and family towards the subjective family well-being. The respondents were working women who work in full-time and had a husband and a child or children. This was a cross sectional study which was performed among 50 working women in Bogor in March 2005. Almost all respondents were experienced in working because they have been working for about 15 years. The families of all respondents were in middleupper class families. The results showed that most of respondents performed the strategy of balancing between work and family activities. The overall subjective family well-being was measured by respondents’ satisfaction towards their resources and conditions of physically, economically, socially, and psychologically. It was found that the strategic of women that tend to prioritize the family purposes had positive effect to the subjective family well-being.

Family welfare is influenced by socio-economic factors like sociodemographic of family, family income, and position in society. This research compared characteristics and family welfare between fishermen families and non-fishermen families in coastal West Java. This research also analyzed the effect of social economy of family toward family welfare. This research involved 280 families as samples, consist of 157 fishermen families and 123 non-fishermen families. The research conducted in eight villages of four coastal subdistricts in West Java Province. The were no significant differences on family types, father’s and mother’s age, value of total assets, and per capita expenditure between fishermen and non-fishermen families. Father’s and mother’s education of fishermen families were significantly lower than father’s and mother’s education of non-fishermen families. On the contrary, family size and per capita income in fishermen families significantly were higher than nonfishermen families. Fishermen families had higher level welfare than non-fishermen families used World Bank and BPS’s poverty line indicators, but by BKKBN, poverty household criteria, and socio-metric indicators fishermen families had lower than nonfishermen families.

The analysis of the economic value of wives’ household productions is less likely to be paid attention. The aims of this study were to measure the economic value of wives’ household productions and the factors that affected the economic value of household productions and family subjective quality of life. The study was conducted at Hambaro Village, Sub-District of Nanggung, Bogor that was chosen purposively, in April to August 2008, by using cross sectional study design. The samples were 110 housewives. Results showed that the average of economic value of household productions done by housewives was around Rp 6.223,00 daily. It was found that most of families were categorized as poor families both from an income approach and from an expenditure approach. The results also showed that mothers tend to allocate their time longer for her female than male child under five years old (for caring and parenting), thus, the economic value of household productions for parenting domestic activities was higher for female than male child. Moreover, the economic value was lower with the increased of child age, however, the value was higher with the higher the numbers of child under five years old. The results also showed that there were positive effects of numbers of family members, the length of husband’s education, wife’s age, the child’s age, expenditure/capita/month and the economic value of household productions for maintaining home activities toward the family subjective quality of life. Lastly, there was a negative effect of husband’s age towards the family subjective quality of life.

The aims of this study were to analyze the gender roles within families, both domestic and farming system activities. The study was conducted at Hambaro Village, Sub-District of Nanggung, Bogor in April to August 2008, by using a cross sectional study design. The location of study was chosen purposively. Based on the correlation analysis, it has been found that the fewer the numbers of family members, the younger the husband’s age, the higher the husband’s education, the older the children under five years old, the higher the numbers of children under five years old, the higher the income and expenditure per capita, the higher the frequencies of planning of the family, and the higher the degree of family problems tend to have the better gender partnerships/ relations between husband and wife in the family domestic activities. Based on the regression analysis, it has been known that family income per capita, frequencies of family planning, and family problems could affect the better gender partnerships between husband and wife in domestic activities. Consistently, numbers of family members, frequencies of family planning, and family problems could affect the better gender partnerships between husband and wife in family farming system activities.

The main purpose of this research was to know the working women’s strategies in balancing between work and domestic activities. Specifically, the objectives were to determine: (1) the contribution of working women in the result of the wealthy of the family, (2) working women’s strategy in balancing between work and domestic activities, (3) social support in helping working women in balancing between work and domestic activities, and correlation between variables. The respondents were working women who work in full-time and have a family, consist of husband and a child or children. This was a cross sectional study which was performed among 50 working women in Bogor in March 2005. The results showed that most of respondents balanced between work and family activities. Another strategy that was used by almost all respondents was paying maid to help them in finishing domestic activities. The community and extended families surrounded respondents supported them very well through providing social supports. Working women’s strategy had significant correlated with the numbers of children in school-aged, the length of domestic time, and the length of personal time. The overall wellbeing of the family was measured by respondents’ satisfaction towards their resource. It was found that the family well-being had significant correlation with the total of husband’s income, contribution of respondents’ income, extended family social support, and the working women’s strategies.

The aim of this study was to analyze the conditions of the family who received the SLT-BBM Program regarding on the income and expenditure and intra-household analysis. The study was conducted at Bogor City (Sub-District of West Bogor and South Bogor) and Bogor District (Sub-District of Ciomas), West Java Province. The study implemented a survey design through the process of purposive sampling procedures. One of the criteria of the study location was the location that had the highest quantity of poor families. The samples of the family were chosen purposively from the chosen location. The total of sample was 168 families (112 families who have men as the head of the household, and 56 families who have women as the head of the household). The study used descriptive analysis that contains of observations, secondary data, news, primary data (from questionnaire), in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The results found out that around half of the samples were actually not eligible to receive the program. Around 60% of the family had monthly income per capita of Rp 100,000.00 which was below the poverty line. The study also found out that in general, every household expended around 60% of the money for food (staple food) fulfillment. Then, the money received from the program was expended by family less then a week.

Background: Family development index needs to be measured to ensure that the government has made optimal efforts to provide happiness to the families and to develop strategies in family development in a region with unique conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the family development index and its associated determinants in Aceh province, a region implementing Syariah Law in Indonesia with 30 years of armed conflict experience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all regencies in Aceh. The study was a part of the Indonesian National Population and Family Planning Board project. The survey included one individual from each household that was selected randomly. Family development index was measured using a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The plausible determinants were collected and assessed through a face-to-face interview. The family development index was dichotomized using 85% cut-off into good and poor. A two-step logistic regression was used to determine the associated determinants. Results: A total of 10,000 households were included in the final analysis. 86.6% had a good family development index, with the highest in Sabang (97.6%) and the lowest index in Aceh Singkil (76.6%), respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated that the regency, marital status, educational qualification, ownership of health insurance, ownership of childbirth certificate, quality of the house (the type of floor, the source of electricity, the source of drinking water and the type of toilet facility) were associated with the family development index. Conclusion: Despite Aceh being one of the less developed provinces in Indonesia with long armed conflict experience, our data suggest that the family development index is relatively high and the index is influenced both by economic and non-economic determinants. To further improve the family development index, it is critical to develop both economic and non-economic components in the region and in the country.