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Air pollution, including CO2 pollution, is a serious issue worldwide, including in Indonesia. This CO2 pollution can impact public health and the environment. In the context of economic development, activities in Indonesia are increasing, leading to higher CO2 emissions. The highest CO2 emissions come from deforestation, large-scale peatland fires, and, to a lesser extent, burning fossil fuels for energy. This research focuses on a simple System Dynamics model approach to understand the cause-and-effect relationship of changes in CO2 pollution stocks concerning emissions and absorption in Indonesia. The method used in this study is qualitative based on system dynamics. System dynamics is a method that can be used to create structures, predict behavior, and provide feedback. The System Dynamics model uses Powersim Studio 10 Express, covering the research period from 2020 to 2040. The results of the system dynamics model show two structures related to CO2 pollution stocks: a positive feedback (reinforcing loop) from CO2 emissions and a negative feedback (balancing loop) from CO2 absorbent. The behavior of the model is exponential growth, it’s also considered valid due to simulation results based on real data processing and statistical analysis, yielding an Average Means Error (AME) of 0.56%.

Most of the river basins in Indonesia are categorized as crisis, one of them is Jeneberang. This condition is caused by human behavior and activities that do not pay attention to environmental aspects such as the conversion of forest land into fields and there are still people who still throw their garbage into the river even though the river has a very important function for human life and livelihood. This research will focus on discussing how the Jeneberang River School instills an attitude of environmental care and disaster awareness for the community. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive design. The data was collected through interviews with the founder and principal of Sungai Jeneberang School and document/literature study. The result of this research is Jeneberang River School as a non-formal education forum that provides strengthening of knowledge and understanding related to the function of rivers and efforts to preserve them through various activities such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), river tracing, river cleaning, tree planting, and Waste Bank socialization. Community participation in these activities is one of the keys to the effectiveness of the Jeneberang River School in instilling an attitude of environmental care and disaster awareness to the community. Based on the results of the research, it was also found that there are still some obstacles for the Jeneberang River School, namely in terms of human resources, human resources, and human resources.

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is administratively located on the western side of the mountain in Magelang Regency. There is a historical site, namely the Mendut Temple in Magelang Regency which was affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi. To reduce the impact of the eruption of Mount Merapi on the historical site of Mendut Temple, capacity and cooperation from stakeholders in the Magelang Regency area are needed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of Magelang Regency in protecting the historical site of Mendut Temple from Mount Merapi Eruption. This research method uses a qualitative approach with the locus of research conducted in the Magelang Regency area. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. As for data checking by triangulation and data analysis techniques using interactive analysis models. The results of the study show that mitigation focuses on structural aspects, especially post-disaster activities by covering tarpaulins while non-structural ones are not optimal due to gaps in coordination, communication and cooperation between agencies. The Mount Merapi disaster risk assessment in increasing the capacity of Magelang Regency through strategic efforts ranging from study procedures or SOPs to well-prepared scenarios and alternatives such as several evacuation signs and symbols. Aspects of innovation and knowledge have been carried out by Magelang Regency through the sister village program to provide information on evacuation with a mutual cooperation system. The Magelang Regency disaster risk factor in the aspect of the policy plan refers to existing regulations and has prepared land for settlements for eruption disaster victims with a grant system from the Magelang Regency Government. Institutional capacity needs to be understood together by collaborating and establishing a shared consensus on the policies to be built.