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Smokers who have previously made an unsuccessful quit attempt may infer that they must be addicted to smoking (i.e. ‘self-attribution of addiction’). Perceived addiction (PA) may in turn deter smokers from making a future quit attempt. To examine the impact of PA on the component parts of the quitting process, the present study aimed to assess the associations of PA with 1) past quit attempts; 2) current motivation to stop; 3) future quit attempts; and 4) quitting success.

Additional file 3. Overall reported response to information for respondents’ children’s ILI.

Additional file 4. Wording for the 3 versions of information tested in Wave-1 and Wave-2.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Respondent characteristics in Wave-1 (October/November 2016). Table S2a. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 1 ‘fear-only’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S2b. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 2 ‘mild-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S2c. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 3 ‘strong-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S3a. Wave-2 (March 2017): How will this [AMR] information [Version 1 ‘fear-only’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S3b. Wave-2 (March 2017): How will this [AMR] information [Version 2 ‘mild-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S3c. Wave-2 (March 2017): How will this [AMR] information [Version 3 ‘strong-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S4a. Wave-2 (March 2017): How will this [AMR] information [Version 1 ‘fear-only’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S4b. Wave-2 (March 2017): How will this [AMR] information [Version 2 ‘mild-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S4c. Wave-2 (March 2017):How will this [AMR] information [Version 3 ‘strong-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S5a. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 1 ‘fear-only’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S5b. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 2 ‘mild-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S5c. Wave-1 (October/November 2016): How will this [AMR] information [Version 3 ‘strong-fear-plus-empowerment’] affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? Table S6. Original survey data (May/June 2015): How will this [AMR, analogous to version 1 ‘fear-only’] information affect the number of times that you/your child visit a doctor for conditions like Health State A and ask for antibiotics for you/your child? (United Kingdom, 2015).

Additional file 1. Survey instrument.

Background Reducing childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation is important to minimize lifetime skin cancer risk. Objectives We sought to describe the prevalence of children's sun-related behaviors and associated parental and other factors. Methods In weekly cross-sectional telephone interviews during summer, 1140 parents/guardians of children aged 0 to 11 years were recruited. Parents provided proxy reports for one of their children. Key questions related to weekend sun protection and sunburn, parent's sun-related attitudes, and demographic characteristics. Potential predictors of children's sun protection and sunburn were analyzed adjusting for covariates including weather conditions on the previous weekend. Results On summer weekends, 73% of children spent longer than 15 minutes outdoors in peak ultraviolet radiation periods. Of these, 64% were protected by a hat and 58% by sun-protection factor 15 or higher sunscreen, 32% stayed under shade, and 18% wore three-quarter or long-sleeved tops. Overall, 8% of children had sunburn. Parental attitudes were typically supportive of children's sun protection. Parental use of hats (odds ratio [OR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.2), shade (OR 9.6; 95% CI 4.4-20.8), sunscreen (OR 12.6; 95% CI 5.2-30.4), longer leg cover (OR 10.3; 95% CI 4.4-24.0), and two or more protective behaviors (OR 5.7; 95% CI 2.8-11.9) increased the odds of their children practicing these behaviors, as did some parental attitudes. Limitations We relied on cross-sectional parent reports. Conclusion Although children's sun protection was favorable, there was room for improvement. Health promotion to improve sun-protection practices in adults may benefit children's sun-safe behaviors.

Reducing people's exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the primary strategy for skin cancer prevention.We sought to provide comprehensive national data on preventive behaviors and risk assessment for Australia.A national survey was conducted in summer 2003-2004. In 8 weekly cross-sectional surveys, adults and adolescents were interviewed about their sun protection and sunburn on the previous summer weekend. Adjustments were made for specific weather and ultraviolet radiation conditions relevant to time and location.Adolescents were relatively homogeneous in their low compliance with sun protection (significantly less use of hats, covering clothing, shade, and sunglasses than adults) on weekends, and consequently were more likely to be sunburned than adults (25% compared with 18%; odds ratio=1.80, P.001). Temperature was a significant predictor of sun-protective behaviors and a strong determinant of sunburn, as was ultraviolet radiation for adults' sunburn. Using shade, spending less time outdoors, and, for adults, wearing clothing covering were associated with reduced odds of sunburn.The study relied on self-reported behaviors and sunburn.Further improvement in Australians' sun-protective behaviors is needed.