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1. Metallic Magnetic Materials

Author

Liu, J. Ping, Willard, Matthew, Tang, Wei, Brück, Ekkes, de Boer, Frank, Liu, Enke, Liu, Jian, Felser, Claudia, Fecher, Gerhard, Wollmann, Lukas, Isnard, Olivier, Burzo, Emil, Liu, Sam, Herbst, J. F., Hu, Fengxia, Liu, Yao, Sun, Jirong, Shen, Baogen, de Visser, Anne, Coey, J. M. D., editor, and Parkin, Stuart S.P., editor

Published
2021
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4. Systolic Blood Pressure within an Intermediate Range May Reduce Memory Loss in an Elderly Hypertensive Cohort

Author

Sacktor, N, Gray, S, Kawas, C, Herbst, J, Costa, P, and Fleg, J

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Hypertension, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Aging, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Neurosciences, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine if maintenance of systolic blood pressure (BP) within a high range or low range among treated hypertensive patients increases the risk of memory decline. Biennial neuropsychological evaluations were performed on 158 hypertensive subjects. Decline/year was measured on the Cued Selective Reminding test (total free recall and delayed recall) in three systolic BP groups (low-i.e., mean systolic BP during the follow-up period < 135 mm Hg; intermediate-i.e., 135 mm Hg < or = mean systolic BP < or = 150 mm Hg; high-i.e., mean systolic BP > 150 mm Hg). In total free recall, the three systolic BP groups had significantly different declines per year (P = .02), with patients in the high subgroup showing the greatest decline. In delayed recall, the three systolic BP groups also showed significantly different declines per year (P = .04), with patients in the low subgroup having the greatest decline. Chronically elevated systolic BP > 150 mm Hg is associated with accelerated memory decline compared to older treated hypertensive patients with systolic BP in an intermediate range. Chronically maintained systolic BP within a low normal range < 135 mm Hg in older treated hypertensive subjects may be associated with accelerated memory decline, specifically in a test of delayed memory recall, compared to patients with systolic BP in an intermediate range. Optimal regulation of systolic BP may be a potential modifiable risk factor to prevent or minimize memory loss in older hypertensive patients.

Published
1999

12. A survey of post-dural puncture headache management practices within a South African academic department.

Author

Monteith, K., Wagner, J., and Herbst, J. A.

Subjects
ACADEMIC departments, MEDICAL personnel, CONTINUING medical education, HEADACHE, ANESTHESIOLOGISTS
Abstract

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common consequence of neuraxial anaesthesia; especially among parturients, in whom it is associated with maternal morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. Although international guidelines are available for PDPH management, variable management practices exist. There are no published studies which document current practices, or available guidelines, with respect to PDPH management in South Africa. This study aimed to describe PDPH management practices within the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) Department of Anaesthesiology, which may assist in future local guideline or protocol development. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was distributed to the Wits Department of Anaesthesiology. The survey instrument was developed following a literature review targeting recent evidence-based PDPH management guidelines, including the United Kingdom-based Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (OAA) guidelines from 2018. Thereafter it was reviewed for content and face validity. Participant responses were compared to the OAA guidelines, which were considered the standard of practice. A related score was determined and correlations with demographic variables were assessed. Results: Participants’ practice with respect to conservative management strategies and the performance of epidural blood patches (EBPs) was in keeping with the OAA guidelines. This is despite a lack of available departmental guidelines and limited provider experience with performing these procedures. Of the participants, 96% perceived they would benefit from the institution of formal guidelines. Conclusion: PDPH management practices among anaesthetists within the Wits circuit are variable. Despite limited experience in treating PDPH, these practices are generally consistent with current international guidelines. The development and institution of formal guidelines for the management of PDPH are recommended, as well as continuing medical education of staff, to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. Abstracts

Author

Kaatsch, Hans-Jürgen, Püschel, K., Heinemann, A., Klaas, Jakob, Graß, Hildegard, Staak, Michael, Benthaus, S., Vock, R., Brinkmann, B., Temme, O., Daldrup, T., Dilger, M., Fink, T., Rittner, Ch., Thali, Michael J., Braun, M., Brueschweiler, W., Kneubuehl, B. P., Vock, P., Wirth, J., Dirnhofer, R., Bohnert, M., Berger, H., Buck, U., Pollak, S., Gotta, J. C., Erdmann, F., Riße, M., Schütz, H., Weiler, G., Pragst, F., Auwärter, V., Sporkcrt, F., Roewer, L., Willuweit, S., Kayser, M., Nagy, M., de Knijff, P., Geserick, G., Augustin, C., Betz, A., Carracedo, A., Corach, D., Dupuy, B. M., Gusmaõ, L., Henke, L., Hidding, M., Kärgel, H. J., Lessig, R., Liebeherr, E., Parson, W., Pascali, V. L., Rolf, B., Schneider, P. M., Dobosz, T., Teifel-Greding, J., Krawczak, M., Bauer, M., Patzelt, D., Kuznik, J., Bondy, B., Eisenmenger, W., Möller, H. -J., Zehner, R., Niess, C., Amendt, J., Krettek, R., Weinmann, W., Görner, M., Goerke, R., Mahler, H., Fowinkel, C., Haarhoff, K., Schmidt, P., Schmolke, C., Mußhoff, F., Menzen, M., Prohaska, C., Madea, B., Kauert, G., Gleicher, S., Drasch, G., von Meyer, L., Roider, G., Quitterer, D., Kröner, L., Toennes, S. W., Jurowich, S., Käferstein, H., Sticht, G., Gilg, T., Priemer, F., Jocham, N., Fechner, G., Ortmann, Ch., Schulte, T., Nieschalk, M., Weirich, V., Rummel, J., Rentsch, D., Wegener, R., Berehaus, G., Graß, H., Grellner, W., Rettig-Stürmer, A., Kühn-Becker, H., Georg, T., Möller, M., Wilske, J., Kemmerling, R., Sachs, H., Menting, T., Musshoff, F., Schoenemeier, S., Bürrig, K. -F., Jacob, B., Bonte, W., Maeda, H., Zhu, B. -L., Fujita, M. Q., Quan, L., Ishida, K., Taniguchi, M., Böhme, B., Rauch, E., Penning, R., Amberg, R., Blackwell, C. C., Pelz, K., Meier, V., Saternus, K. -S., Gessler, F., Böhnel, H., Bouska, I., Toupalík, P., Klir, P., Kleemann, W. J., Ast, F., Beck, U., Debertin, S., Giebe, B., Heide, S., Sperhake, J., Poets, C. F., Weis, C., Schlaud, M., Bajanowski, T., Wedekind, H., Breithardt, G., Debertin, A. S., Tönjes, H., Tschernig, T., Pabst, R., Tröger, H. D., Krill, A., Hame, M., Bouška, I., Ježková, J., Kernbach-Wighton, G., Wense, A. v. d., Kijewski, H., Goeke, M., Weber, B., Staak, M., Dettmeyer, R., Driever, F., Becker, A., Wiestler, O. D., Verhoff, M. A., Woenckhaus, J., Hauri-Bionda, R., Strehler, M., Bär, W., Ohshima, T., Takayasu, T., Kondo, T., Sato, Y., Tarbah, Fuad A., Mahler, Hellmut, Temme, Oliver, Daldrup, Thomas, Pötsch, Lucia, Emmerich, Patricia, Skopp, Gisela, Andresen, H., Schmoldt, A., Thurau, K., Vogt, S., Große-Perdekamp, M., Pufal, E., Sykutera, M., Rochholz, G., Lis, G., Sliwka, K., Zörntlein, S., Röhrich, J., Pötsch, L., Becker, J., Mattern, Rainer, Yamamoto, Yoshiko, Hayase, Tamaki, Yamamoto, Keiichi, Piette, Michel H. A., De Letter, Els A., Cordonnier, Jan, Schultes, A., Pluisch, F., Darok, M., Kollroser, M., Mannweiler, S., Babel, B., Magerl, H., Mahfoud, B., Stein, S., Iwersen-Bergmann, S., Risser, D., Hönigschnabl, S., Stichenwirth, M., Sebald, D., Kaff, A., Schneider, B., Vycudilik, W., Bauer, G., Reitz, E., Kimont, H. -G., Molnár, A., Jeszenszky, E., Benkó, A., Száz, E., Varga, T., Mayr, N. P., Schmidbauer, S., Hallfeldt, K., Bank, A., Iffland, R., Schuff, A., Fischer, T., Weingarten, Y., Alt, A., Janda, I., Wurst, F. M., Seidl, S., Seitler, C., Haag-Dawoud, Munira, Beike, J., Vennemann, B., Köhler, H., Hendreich, F. -I., Giebe, W., Reimann, I., Werner, R., Klein, A., Schulz, K., Feischer, D., Erfurt, Ch., Arnold, R., Winnefeld, K., Riepert, T., Iffland, R., Longauer, F., Kardošovå, V., Anders, S., Hildebrand, E., Schulz, F., Möbus, U., Jaroß, W., Wittig, H., Schmidt, U., Hauptmann, K., Krause, D., Prudlow, B., Rohner, T., Molz, G., Früchtnicht, W., Hoppe, B., Henßge, C., Althaus, L., Herbst, J., Preiß, U., Stein, C., Glenewinkel, F., Leinzinger, E. P., Lászik, A., Soós, M., Hubay, M., Sótonyi, P., Schliff, A., Gatternig, R., Hering, S., Edelmann, J., Plate, I., Michael, M., Kuhlisch, E., Szibor, R., von Wurmb, N., Hammer, U., Meissner, D., Kirches, E., Dietzmann, K., Pfeiffer, H., Ortmann, C., Meißner, C., Mohamed, S. A., Warnk, H., Gehlsen-Lorenzen, A., Oehmichen, M., Heidorn, F., Henkel, R., Schulz, M. M., Reichert, W., Mattern, R., Baasner, A., Banaschak, S., Schäfer, C., Benecke, M., Reibe, S., Barksdale, Larry, Sundermeier, Jon, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Lutz, S., Hohoff, C., Schürenkamp, M., Kahle, C., Fieguth, A., Ritz-Timme, S., Laumeier, I., Schütz, H. W., Schulte-Mönting, J., Chaudri, S., Welti, M., Dittmann, V., Olze, A., Schmeling, A., Reisinger, W., Klotzbach, H., Gabriel, P., Demir, T., Huckenbeck, W., Reuhl, J., Schuster, R., Maxeiner, H., Bockholdt, B., Jachau, K., Kuchheuser, W., Försterling, T., Ehrlich, E., Besselmann, M., Du Chesne, A., Albrecht, U. -V., Guan, D. W., Dreßler, J., Voigtmann, K., Müller, E., Vieler, S., Kirchner, A., Humpert, M., Breitmeier, D., Mansouri, F., Wyler, D., Marty, W., Sigrist, Th., Zollinger, U., Meyer, U., Allmen, G. v., Karger, B., Hoekstra, A., Stehmann, B., Schmidt, P. F., Peschel, O., Vollmar, C., Szeimies, U., Rothschild, M. A., Kegel, D., Klatt, A., Klatt, C., Briese, B. -H., Schyma, C., Schyma, P., Angetter, Daniela, Perdekamp, M. Große, Sun, Y., Guttenberge, R., Riede, U. -N., Poetsch, M., Seefeldt, S., Maschke, M., Lignitz, E., Zeller, M., Wehner, H. -D., Czarnetzki, A., Blin, N., Bender, K., Emmerich, P., Pádár, Zs., Egyed, B., Kemény, G., Woller, J., Füredi, S., Balogh, I., Cremer, U., Scheil, H. -G., Schiwy-Bochat, K. -H., Althoff, H., Immel, U. -D., Tatschner, Th., Lang, C., Versmold, D., Reineke, Th., Mall, G., Dahlmann, F., Büttner, A., Hubig, M., Rötzscher, K., Grundmann, C., Oritani, S., Peter, J., Popov, V., Olejnik, V., Khokhlov, V. D., Stiller, D., Romanowski, U., Kleiber, M., Klupp, N., Mortinger, H., Chadová, L., Bouška, I., Toupalik, P., Schnabel, A., Lutz, F. -U., Crivellaro, A., Strauch, H., Dan, Dermengiu, Silvia, Dermengiu, Buda, Octavian, Kandolf, R., Kaiser, R., Eis-Hübinger, A. M., Kobek, M., Jankowski, Z., Rygol, K., Kulikowska, J., Martin, H., Kolbow, K., Keil, W., Wang, Huijun, Ding, Yanqing, Huang, Guangzhao, Wu, Zhongbi, Wehner, F., Subke, J., Zdravkovic, M., Otasevic, V., Rostov, M., Karadzic, R., Kildüschov, E. M., Buromski, I. W., Plaksin, W. O., Wendland, A., Spiridonow, W. A., Sabusow, J. G., Kalinin, J. P., Heide, S., Schmidt, V., Wiegand, P., Kleiber, M., Demmler, G., Zack, F., Reischle, S., Schönpflug, M., Beier, G., Berchtenbreiter, C., Lackner, K., Jendrusch, B., Wolf, H., Buhmann, D., Summa, H., Matschke, J., Stürenburg, H. J., Junge, M., Wischhusen, F., Müldner, C., Schröder, A., Kaiser, E., Lasczkowski, G., Hofbauer, V., Eberl, N., Thomson, H., Tatschner, T., Milz, S., Gazov, E., Trübner, K., Brenner, M., Tsokos, M., Anders, S., Paulsen, F., Reith, K., Bratzke, H., Schapfeld, R., Graefe-Kirci, U., Stiller, D., Trübner, K., and Schäfer, A. Th.

Published
2000
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20. Abstract OT1-03-02: MP0274-CP101: A phase 1, first-in-human, single-arm, multi-center, open-label, dose escalation study to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of MP0274 in patients with advanced HER2-positive solid tumors

Author

Baird, R, primary, Omlin, A, additional, Kiemle-Kallee, J, additional, Fiedler, U, additional, Zitt, C, additional, Feurstein, D, additional, Herbst, J, additional, Dawson, K, additional, vom Baur, E, additional, Stumpp, M, additional, Hermann, F, additional, Harstrick, A, additional, and Schneeweiss, A, additional

Published
2018
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21. Tetragonal I41/amd crystal structure of Li3BN2 from dehydrogenated Li–B–N–H.

Author

Pinkerton, F. E. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*LITHIUM compounds, *MOLECULAR structure, *X-ray diffraction, *CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, *DEHYDROGENATION
Abstract

We have determined the crystal structure of Li3BN2 formed by dehydrogenation of LiB0.33N0.67H2.67 from powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) data using the Rietveld method. XRD measurements indicate unambiguously that this Li3BN2 polymorph is distinct from any of the previously reported Li3BN2 phases. We find a body-centered tetragonal I41/amd structure (space group No. 141 in the International Tables for X-ray Crystallography) with a=6.60 Å and c=10.35 Å. We also describe the results of first principles theoretical modeling of the body-centered tetragonal Li3BN2 polymorph as well as the tetragonal P42212 and monoclinic P21/c Li3BN2 structures previously reported. We obtained excellent agreement between the theoretically calculated I41/amd Li3BN2 lattice constants and atomic positions and those obtained experimentally from XRD. The approximate enthalpy of formation of the I41/amd Li3BN2 phase is ΔH=-495 kJ/mole f.u.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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22. Magnetostriction and torque response of Tb...Dy...Fe.../Fe composites.

Author

Pinkerton, F. E. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*MAGNETOSTRICTION, *TORQUE, *MEASUREMENT
Abstract

Presents information on a study which examined the magnetostriction of hot pressed composites made with highly magnetostrictive melt-spun ... in an iron matrix and on the torque response of test sensors fabricated from them. Experimental procedures; Results and discussion.

Published
2000
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29. Magnetostrictive Sm...Nd...Fe.../Fe composites from melt-spun precursors.

Author

Pinkerton, F. E. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*METALLIC composites, *SAMARIUM, *IRON, *MAGNETOSTRICTION
Abstract

Presents information on a study which focused on the fabrication of magnetostrictive composites containing a samarium compound in an iron matrix by hot pressing. Experimental procedures; Results and discussion.

Published
1999
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32. Structural and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B (invited).

Author

Herbst, J. F., Croat, J. J., and Yelon, W. B.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC properties of rare earth metals, *OPTICAL diffraction
Abstract

Describes analyses of neutron powder diffraction data on neodymium[sub2]iron[sub14]boron ingots at several temperatures and discussed relationships between the crystal structure and the magnetic properties via comparison with other rare earth-transition metal systems. Results of low-temperature refinement; Structure-property relationships; Investigation of the melt-spun ribbons.

Published
1985
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33. Melt-spun PrCo5 and related magnet materials: Coercivity enhancement by carbon addition.

Author

Fuerst, C. D., Herbst, J. F., Murphy, C. B., and Van Wingerden, D. J.

Subjects
*PRASEODYMIUM, *COBALT, *ALLOYS, *MAGNETICS
Abstract

Investigates melt-spun praseodymium-cobalt (Pr-Co) alloys with the objective of optimizing their permanent magnet characteristics. Survey results for other melt-spun, RCo[sub5]-based alloys; Description of the magnetic properties of melt-spun Pr-Co ribbons; Information on elemental additions to Pr-Co alloys.

Published
1993
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34. Formation of R2Fe14C compounds (R=Y, Ce) by rapid solidification.

Author

Fuerst, C. D. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*HEAT treatment of metals, *CURIE temperature
Abstract

Presents a study focused on the formation of the Nd[sub 2]Fe[sub14]B-type compounds Y[sub 2]Fe[sub 14]C and Ce[sub 2]Fe[sub 14]C via heat treatment of melt-spun ribbons. Analysis on the behavior of the Curie temperature; Experimentations; Derivation of mean field equations.

Published
1991
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35. Melt-spun Nd2(CoxFe1-x)14B systems: Optimization of the hard magnetic properties.

Author

Fuerst, C. D. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*NEODYMIUM, *MELT spinning, *COBALT
Abstract

Discusses the preparation of melt-spun materials comprised of neodymium (cobalt-iron) boron and having optimum energy products. Room-temperature magnetic properties and x-ray verification of the cobalt concentration; Findings of the elevated temperature measurements; Maximum remanence for an isotropic magnet.

Published
1989
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36. Hard magnetic properties of Nd-Co-B materials.

Author

Fuerst, C. D. and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
*MAGNETICS, *ALLOYS, *MELT spinning, *NEODYMIUM, *COBALT
Abstract

Presents a study which investigated the magnetic properties of neodymium-cobalt-boron alloys rapidly solidified by melt spinning. Sample compositions and preparation; Magnetization measurements; Differential thermal analysis of the samples.

Published
1988
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41. Direct determination of praseodymium valence in Pr2(CoxFe1-x)14B.

Author

Capehart, T. W., Mishra, R. K., and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
PRASEODYMIUM, ADSORPTION (Chemistry), SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

Presents a study which determined praseodymium valence in Pr[sub2](Co[subx]Fe[sub1-x])[sub14]B using x-ray-adsorption near-edge spectroscopy. Experimental details; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Published
1992
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42. Magnetic properties of CeFe11-xCoxTi with ThMn12 structure.

Author

Chen Zhou, Pinkerton, Frederick E., and Herbst, J. F.

Subjects
MAGNETIZATION, MAGNETIC properties, FERROMAGNETISM, MAGNETIC anisotropy, METALLIC composites
Abstract

A series of novel alloys CeFe11-xCoxTi (0≤x≤11) with ThMn12 structure has been successfully prepared by melt-spinning. The Curie temperature Tc increases with Co content x, reaching a maximum of 689 °C at x = 9 and declining to 664°C at complete Co filling (x = 11). The room temperature saturation magnetization 4πMs and magnetocrystalline anisotropy Ha have been estimated by fitting the first quadrant demagnetization curve with the Stoner-Wohlfarth model. 4πMs first increases with increasing Co up to x = 3, then decrease. Ha has a complex dependence on Co content, which is indicative of a change in the easy magnetization direction from axis to plane and back as the Co content increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. Evidence for Classical Cholinergic Toxicity Associated with Selective Activation of M1 Muscarinic Receptors

Author

Alt, A., primary, Pendri, A., additional, Bertekap, R. L., additional, Li, G., additional, Benitex, Y., additional, Nophsker, M., additional, Rockwell, K. L., additional, Burford, N. T., additional, Sum, C. S., additional, Chen, J., additional, Herbst, J. J., additional, Ferrante, M., additional, Hendricson, A., additional, Cvijic, M. E., additional, Westphal, R. S., additional, OConnell, J., additional, Banks, M., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Gentles, R. G., additional, Jenkins, S., additional, Loy, J., additional, and Macor, J. E., additional

Published
2015
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46. Biochemische überwachung

Author

Richter, R., Campana, A., Heinzl, S., Martens, M., Eppenberger, U., Jovanovic, V., Rauskolb, R., Fuhrmann, W., Haas-Andela, H., Bleyl, H., Schach, S., Bellmann, O., Lang, N., Brockerhoff, P., Friedberg, V., Rathgen, G. H., Schicketanz, K. H., Riedel, H., Eisenbach, G. M., Jacobitz, K., Haeckel, R., Arnold, H. P., Rauskolb, R., Jovanovic, V., Dame, W. R., Beckmann, M., Quakernach, K., Maas, D. H. A., Hoppe, B., Weitzel, H., Melchert, F., Kreienberg, R., Schulz-Clasen, A., Wiggers, G., Trams, G., Geibel, W., Rindt, W., Becker, H., Krieglsteiner, P., Lohninger, A., Haas, S., Wriedt-Lübbe, I., Blümel, G., Rummel, W., Schwenk, H. U., Diedrich, K., Roth, G., Krebs, D., Diedrich, K., Welker, H., Hepp, S., Krebs, D., Herbst, J., Wickings, E. J., Dame, W. R., Quakernack, K., Nieschlag, E., Lorenz, U., Rüttgers, H., Kubli, F., Lohninger, A., Krieglsteiner, P., Erhardt, W., Riedl, W., Neiss, A., Blümel, G., Breinl, H., Meinen, K., Schmidt, E. W., Kynast, G., Saling, E., Distler, W., Tigges, J., Terinde, R., Claussen, U., Ollmann, U., Heinrich, D., Boos, R., Mittmann, U., Muliawan, D., Rüttgers, H., Kubli, F., Winter, R., Weiß, P. A. M., Wiesner, F., Gerner, R., Bartholmes, A., Volk, M., Brackebusch, H. -D., Wiedemann, M., Peters, F. D., Nothjunge, J., Roemer, V. M., Mund-Hoym, S., Schlebusch, H., Niesen, M., Weiß, H., Paulussen, F., Schander, K., Möller, C. P., Carstensen, M., Diedrich, K., Czygan, P. J., Schuhmann, R., Halberstadt, E., Offenloch, R., v. Maillot, K., Brather, R., Deeg, K. -H., Pahnke, V. G., Lehmann, F., Roth, G., Wolf, A. S., Musch, K., Lehmann, W. D., Rauskolb, R., Jovanovic, V., Mühlenstedt, D., Wix, P., Wickings, J., Schneider, H. P. G., Gerhard, I., Klinga, K., Runnebaum, B., Rüttgers, H., Göser, R., Frey, W., Goldschmid, S., Zubke, W., Keller, E., Schindler, A. E., Duenhoelter, J. H., Whalley, P. J., von Holst, Th., Klinga, K., Runnebaum, B., Eiermann, W., Link, A., Vetter, K., Keller, P. J., Kunz, J., Künzig, H. J., Kuhn, H., Reck, G., Nowostawskyj, H., Noss, U., Breckwoldt, M., Berg, R., Kaiser, R., Sticht, H., Wolff, F., Lehmann, W. D., Wolf, A. S., and Lauritzen, Ch.

Published
1979
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48. Alternative Fuels in Aviation

Author

Braun-Unkhoff, M., Herbst, J., Herzler, J., Kathrothia, T., Kick, T., Naumann, C., and Riedel, U.

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, alternative fuels, 0203 mechanical engineering, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, aviation, 02 engineering and technology, Biomass, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 12. Responsible consumption
Abstract

The use of alternative and renewable energy resources is in the focus of numerous investigations, to meet challenges such as reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ensuring security of supply at affordable prices. The aviation sector is embedded in the EU policy package although jet fuels constitute presently only about 4¬6 percent to the global crude oil consumption. In 2011, the European Commission has launched the European Advanced Biofuels Flight Path, an industry wide initiative to speed up the commercialization of aviation biofuels in Europe. The development of viable alternative aviation fuels has spurred many research activities. A profound knowledge on jet fuels properties is inevitable, in particular thermophysical and chemical properties, due to the aircraft's needs. Any (synthetic) aviation fuel must be characterized and certified. Furthermore, validated reaction models must be elaborated, which are able to describe and to predict reliably important combustion properties of alternative aviation fuels, to further promote the development of even more sophisticated jet engines. In the present article, an overview is given on the status quo of alternative jet fuels. In addition, some results on investigations of major combustion properties of reformulated kerosenes (FSJF, FT-SPK, FT-SPK+20% 1-hexanol, FT-SPK+50% naphthenic cut) performed within the framework of ALFA-BIRD will be presented. The predictive capability of the detailed reaction mechanism used in simulations will be discussed., Proceedings of the 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 18-22 June 2012, Milan, Italy, pp. 1547-1554

Published
2012

49. Laser-Spektrometer für die optische Gasanalyse in der Prozessmesstechnik

Author

Herbst, J., Scherer, B., Lambrecht, A., and Publica

Subjects
Abgasuntersuchung, Laserspektroskopie, Quantenkaskadenlaser, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL), Gasanalyse, Raumluftüberwachung, Prozessmesstechnik, quantum cascade laser (QCL), Acetylen
Abstract

Fraunhofer IPM entwickelt Gasanalysatoren auf Basis der Laserabsorptionsspektroskopie für Anwendungen in der Prozessmesstechnik und Raumluftüberwachung. Es wird die Entwicklung eines Prozessgasanalysators für Acetylen in einer komplexen Gasmatrix vorgestellt. Für das Spektrometer auf Basis eines Quantenkaskadenlasers (QCL), der im Bereich von 14 μm Wellenlänge emittiert, wurde die Interpulsmethode so ausgearbeitet, dass Pyrodetektoren verwendet werden können. Das System zeigt eine Nachweisgrenze von 10 ppb C2H2 in N2 für 20 s unter den Betriebsbedingungen (15 m, 50 mbar, 313 K). Die Separierung der Absorptionslinie in der Gasmatrix gelingt mit der hohen spektralen Auflösung von 0,01 cm-1. Es wird des Weiteren die Methode der direkten kalibrationsfreien Laserspektroskopie anhand eine s Spektrometers für O2, CO und HCL auf Basis von VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) vorgestellt. Diese Methode findet ihre Anwendung dort, wo eine hohe Genauigkeit bei stark schwankenden Betriebsbedingungen und langen Wartungsintervallen benötigt werden. Mit dem System werden Nachweisgrenzen von 48 ppm für O2, 0,6 ppm für CO und 0,14 ppm für HCL erreicht.

Published
2011

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