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Die Ukraine - nach wie vor eines der ärmsten Länder Europas - erreichte in den letzten Jahren ein kräftiges Wirtschaftswachstum. Von 2000 bis 2002 stieg das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt um durchschnittlich 6,6 % pro Jahr, und im laufenden Jahr werden wohl fast 8 % erreicht. Im internationalen Vergleich befindet sich die Ukraine damit in einer besseren Position als beispielsweise Russland, und sie erreichte dieses Ergebnis sogar ohne die Sondereinnahmen aus lukrativen Öl- und Gasexporten. Vielmehr sind hierfür andere Faktoren ausschlaggebend gewesen, vor allem erste konsequente Wirtschaftsreformen unter der Regierung Juschtschenko (Ende 1999 bis Frühjahr 2001). Die Reformbereitschaft der Folgeregierungen hat deutlich nachgelassen. Die mittelfristigen Aussichten wären vielversprechend, sollte nach den Wahlen Ende 2004 wieder eine zielstrebige Reformpolitik einsetzen. Die deutsch-ukrainischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen - insbesondere beim Handel und den Kapitalverflechtungen - könnten davon profitieren.

According to OECD data1, the external debts of developing countries totalled $ 625 billion at the end of 1982. As this does not include certain forms of credit, their indebtedness can be estimated at more than $ 700 billion, of which $ 500 billion consists just of bank loans. The resultant burden of interest and redemption payments has become so great that many more developing countries will be forced to seek rescheduling in the future. The debt burdens of developing countries and the vulnerability of the world financial system must be reduced for development policy reasons and also to ensure that the economies of the industrialised countries are not harmed. The following study suggests how this may be done.

Whether development aid promises to be successful depends not least on the conditions prevalling in the developing countries themselves. A study commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation has examined whether it is possible to identify universal requirements for successful development in Third World countries. Its main findings are presented below.

This study examines economic relations between West Germany and the developing countries in the fields of trade, capital flows and migration of labour. Activity in most fields has expanded enormously since the mid-1960s; in addition the traffic has become markedly less one-way. For the purposes of analysis the developing countries are differentiated according to their economic capacity; prospects for co-operation with West Germany appear to differ markedly according to their stage of development. So German development policy, for its part, needs to employ a variety of different strategies. The more highly developed the partner country, the more the field can be left to private initiative, supported by a liberal foreign trade regime.

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