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To learn productively and experience academic success, students need access to curricula and instructional approaches that are "culturally relevant" and "culturally responsive". Culturally relevant/responsive pedagogy uses "cultural referents to impart knowledge, skills, and attitudes" and thus "empowers students intellectually, socially, emotionally, and politically." This article examines the impact of culturally-relevant instruction on the academic performance of English language learners (ELLs) with interrupted education. The data collected in a 10-month long intervention program for non-literate refugee students from Iraq confirm that immersion in a learning environment congruent with the home culture can significantly improve the students' learning outcomes. Although content learning was also positively affected, this article focuses on the students' acquisition of literacy, since it was their lack of English literacy skills that identified them as at-risk for academic failure.

This article presents the case of the South African curriculum reform, which chose--on ideological rather than pragmatic grounds--a radical progressive/constructivist pedagogy model, with the expectation that it would help to redress the educational (as well as political, social and economic) inequalities of the country's inglorious racist past. However, a severe shortage of the necessary expertise within the existing school system--specifically, extremely poor mastery of the content area, and low levels of language skills and pedagogical know-how on the part of South African teachers--turned the intended recipe for educational success into a new variety of educational malpractice, producing yet another generation of illiterate, innumerate South Africans. The article draws on published sources as well as on the author's 12-year-long involvement, through work with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and publishing, in the South African education system during the time of transition. The views and conclusions are the author's own, and should not be identified with positions of any of the institutions with which she has been associated. (Contains 1 table and 6 notes.)

Cross‐sector partnerships (CSPs) addressing economic, social, and environmental issues continue to be a vibrant topic in management research and beyond. However, compared to the exogenous factors that drive collaborative advantage through structures and governance, the endogenous problems of collaborating across different institutional logics, residing at the micro‐level of interactions among partners from the business, government, and nonprofit sectors, have received scant attention. The preoccupation with success factors often leads to a bias toward the problem‐solving capacities of CSPs at the neglect of the considerable barriers to successful collaboration across sectors. This study addresses this shortcoming and extracts an institutional approach of CSPs from an integrative review of the literature combining bibliometric methods with qualitative reviewing. A bibliometric map shows how the literature is divided into several clusters, each addressing a specific type of CSP but not engaging much in exchange with other clusters. Zooming in on the clusters provides a more nuanced picture of how institutional theory has hitherto been applied to CSPs. We build on these pieces of the puzzle and assemble them into a preliminary framework that accounts for inter‐institutional conflicts in CSPs and actor‐level responses to these conflicts. Our framework introduces a new analytical platform that facilitates multi‐level research, bringing the micro‐level of individual actors back in and connecting it with institutional frames at the macro‐level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-based violence, only recently emerging as a pervasive global issue, contributes significantly to preventable morbidity and mortality for women across diverse cultures. Existing documentation suggests that profound physical and psychological sequelae are endemic following intimate partner violence. The presentation of domestic violence is often culture specific. A new lexicon, prompted by the expansion of human rights analysis, describes particular threats to local women including dowry deaths, honor murder, sati, and disproportional exposure to HIV/AIDS as well as globally generic perils including abuse, battering, marital rape, and murder. While still fragmentary, accruing data reveal strengthening associations between domestic violence and mental health. Depression, stress-related syndromes, chemical dependency and substance (ab)use, and suicide are consequences observed in the context of violence in women's lives. Emerging social, legal, medical, and educational strategies, often culture specific, offer novel local models to promote social change beginning with raising the status of women. The ubiquity, gravity, and variability of domestic violence across cultures compel additional research to promote the recognition, intervention, and prevention of domestic violence that are both locally specific and internationally instructuve. Key words - domestic violence, gender-based violence, spouse abuse, pregnancy, cross-cultural studies, dowry death, HIV/AIDS, rape, mental health, human rights, ethics

Objectives: ASAM's Standards of Care for the Addiction Specialist established appropriate care for the treatment of substance use disorders. ASAM identified three high priority performance measures for specification and testing for feasibility in various systems using administrative claims: use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD); use of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder (OUD); and continuity of care after withdrawal management services. This study adds to the initial testing of these measures in the Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) by testing the feasibility of specifications in commercial insurance data (Cigna). Methods: Using 2014 and 2015 administrative data, the proportion of individuals with an AUD or OUD diagnosis each year who filled prescriptions or were dispensed appropriate FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. For withdrawal management follow up, the proportion with an outpatient encounter within seven days was calculated. The sensitivity of specifications was also tested. Results: Rates of pharmacotherapy for AUD ranged from 6.2% to 7.6% (depending on year and specification details), and rates for OUD pharmacotherapy were 25.0% to 29.7%. Seven-day follow up rate after withdrawal management in an outpatient setting was 20.5%, and an additional 39.7% in an inpatient or residential setting. Conclusions: Application of ASAM specifications is feasible in commercial administrative data. Because of varying system needs and payment practices across health systems, measures may require adjustment for different settings. Moving forward, important focus will be on the continued refinement of these measures with the new ICD-10 coding systems, new formulations of current medications, and new payment approaches such as bundled payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the morphological and phonological structure of derived imperfectives in Polish. It is concerned primarily with the class of -aj imperfectives with the exclusion of the so-called nasal-vowel stems. It has been argued that the addition of the imperfectivizing suffix -aj to the verb induces the tensing of the vowel in the immediately preceding syllable. It is pointed out that moving Derived Imperfective Tensing (DIT) from the cyclic rule component to the morphological component does not do any damage to the system of cyclic rules. DIT was listed among cyclic rules because it has the blocking effect on Lower, which is cyclic.