Search

South Africa boasts a variety of herbal medicines based on the availability of medicinal plants utilised by diverse communities for healing. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Health Sciences students at a South African university, including cohorts of future doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists and occupational therapists, towards the use of herbal medicines as alternative medicine. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 144 students in their first year of study. The results revealed that all student cohorts had knowledge of herbal medicines with three cohorts expressing reservations about self-treatment. Although most cohorts reported personal use of herbal medicines, they relied on their experiences or colleagues’ recommendations for self-treatment. The cohorts acknowledged the use of herbal products by the industry but perceived limited availability in shopping outlets. Most physiotherapy, nursing and pharmacy students viewed traditional healers as a last resort and were uncertain about choosing a pharmacist or orthodox doctor over a traditional healer who would provide natural remedies such as herbal medicines. Notably, the students emphasised the need for scientific inquiry to validate the use of herbal medicines. Using the three pillars of sustainable development, the findings indicate that the vast majority of all cohorts in this study are aware of the cultural and social contribution that herbal medicines make to sustainable healthcare. A sizeable majority of all cohorts apart from the nursing students appreciate the environmental contribution to sustainable healthcare, but only a minority of all cohorts acknowledge the economic contribution herbal medication can make to sustainable healthcare. The current Health Sciences curriculum does not explicitly include content on the use of indigenous medicines including herbal medicines. Since most of South Africa’s population relies on herbal medicines, it is essential to incorporate these topics into the Health Sciences curriculum, equipping future doctors and allied health professionals with better knowledge and communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, Tongguanteng injection (TGT) is widely used in the treatment or adjuvant treatment of various types of cancer. However, the effect and mechanism of TGT in osteosarcoma is not clear. Methods: The 143B and MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of TGT. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected using CCK8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The identified mRNA and protein expression associated with the IRE1/CHOP pathway was validated by RT-PCR and western blot assay. To explore the underlying mechanisms, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) was selected as a specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pEX‐3-ERN1 plasmid was transfected into 143B cells to silence or overexpress IRE1, respectively. The potential downstream proteins, including CHOP, and apoptosis associated proteins, caspase-3 and PARP1 were determined. Furthermore, the effect of TGT was demonstrated in 143B cell tumor-bearing mice in vivo. H&E staining, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry were conducted in tumor tissues obtained from the xenograft mouse model. Results: TGT was shown to dramatically suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis of osteosarcoma 143B and MG-63 cells in vitro. The identified DEGs included HSPA5 (encoding BiP) and ERN1 (encoding the IRE1 protein), as well as apoptosis-associated gene DDIT3 (encoding the CHOP protein). The term "IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response" was screened to be the most enriched biological process GO term. The expression of ER stress-associated proteins including ATF6, BiP, p-IRE1, XBP1s and CHOP, as well as apoptosis-associated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP1 proteins, was significantly upregulated by TGT treatment in osteosarcoma 143B cells, suggesting that TGT might promote the apoptosis of osteosarcoma 143B cells through the IRE1/CHOP pathway. Furthermore, knocking down IRE1 with si-IRE1 or inhibiting of ER stress with 4-PBA suppressed the expression of ATF6, BiP, XBP1s and CHOP induced by TGT, as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP1. On the contrary, overexpressing IRE1 promoted CHOP expression and induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. Consistent with in vitro results, TGT dramatically inhibited the tumor growth and promoted the expression of p-IRE1 and CHOP in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: The findings suggest that TGT exerts an anti-osteosarcoma effect in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the activation of IRE1/CHOP pathway in ER stress. Our findings suggest that targeting IRE1/CHOP pathway might be a potential novel approach for osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera japonica is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, but few studies have focused on its pesticide residues. In this study, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) pretreatment combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established to determine 16 pesticides in L. japonica. Various factors including the type and volume of extraction solvent, times of ultrasound-assisted extraction, and type and weight of purifying agents were optimized. The established method showed good linearity with correlation coefficient (r) > 0.99 within the range of 0.01–5.0 mg·L−1, and average recoveries (AR) were 82.3%-102.5% at spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg·kg−1 with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.43%-4.75%. Only bifenthrin and fenvalerate can be detected with maximum detected concentrations of 1.41 and 0.13 mg·kg−1. The results showed that the established method can be applied to detect pesticide residues in L. japonica with potential applications for other Chinese herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a global health concern, steadily rising and posing risks to various health conditions. Despite available antiobesity drugs, their withdrawal due to severe side effects highlights the need for safer alternatives. Natural products, particularly mixed herbal formulations, present a promising avenue in obesity research. This study aimed to investigate the potential antiobesity effects of the NL herbal formula, a traditional remedy in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, composed of nine herbs. The specific focus was on the inhibitory effects on α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase enzyme activities, adipogenesis inhibition and lipolysis promotion. NL extract was phytochemically analyzed and assessed for its inhibitory effects on α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Its impact on lipid accumulation and glycerol release was also evaluated. Phytochemical analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS‐MS) identified piperine as the major compound in the NL extract. NL extract exhibited significant inhibition of α‐glucosidase, moderate pancreatic lipase inhibition, and dose‐dependent reduction in fat accumulation and triglyceride content. Glycerol release increased compared to the control, indicating potential benefits in weight management. This research underscores the potential of the NL formula in combating obesity through its effects on adipogenesis, lipolysis, and enzyme activities. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms are warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health burden, necessitating evidence-based strategies to reduce prevalence and associated morbidity. This study explores the potential of integrated healthcare, encompassing both modern and traditional herbal medicine (THM), for malaria control in Ghana. Methods: Employing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical doctors, pharmacists, and THM providers. Thematic analysis approach was utilized to inductively analyse interview data and integrate participants' lived experiences and suggestions. Results: Six themes emerged: Standardization of THM practice; Training on THM broadened; Research on THM expanded; Increasing awareness of THM integration hospitals and inclusion of THM in national health insurance scheme; Constant supply of certified herbal medications; and Tax relief provision. These recommendations form the 'STRICT' framework for developing functional health system for promoting an effective malaria control through integrated healthcare in Ghana. Conclusion: It was evident that the 'STRICT' framework can potentially transform healthcare delivery and improve service quality for malaria patients. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and managers can utilize these insights to advocate for and implement integrated healthcare strategies, ultimately enhancing service delivery for all Ghanaians, particularly those suffering from malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prevent the residual sulfur dioxide in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) caused by sulfur fumigation, which may lead to severe health issues, there is an urgent need for a rapid and quantitative detection technique. Sodium borohydride was used as a reducing agent to convert sulfur dioxide into hydrogen sulfide, which was then detected using lead acetate test strip. An accurate testing apparatus was designed, consisting of reaction bottle cap, reaction bottle, lead acetate test strip, and sulfur dioxide detector. The effect of different reaction variables on detection, including reductant quality, pH of initial media, reaction time, lead acetate concentration, and membrane type was investigated. The optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments. The reaction membrane type and lead acetate concentration on the membrane were optimized to enhance detection accuracy. Standardized gray cards were fabricated and used to calibrate the detector. The detection system demonstrated an exceptional linear correlation (r2 = 0.9992), with a linear detection range of 0–750 mg·kg−1. The colored substances and sulfur-containing substances within the matrix of CHM did not affect the detection results. Therefore, the detection method exhibited superior accuracy and stability. The proposed technique proved to be swift, reliable, and provides a straightforward and convenient approach for the quantitative determination of sulfur dioxide in CHMs. The results of this work may provide insights into the development of test strips for quantitative detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biofilm formation has a crucial role in the cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans, which leads to resistance to common antibacterials. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has led to increased research about traditional natural products. Purpose: Quercus infectoria extract (QI extract) and nano hydrogels containing QI extract (QI-NH) and tannic acid (TA-NH) were evaluated against this pathogen. Methods: QI extract was analyzed by HPLC and the physiological characteristics of nanohydrogels were assessed by SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, DLS and determination of release kinetics and encapsulation efficiency. Determination of MIC and MBC of the material and their anti-biofilm effect was done by the microtiter method and on the extracted tooth surface. The properties of extracts and nano hydrogels in the expression of genes codifying glucosyltransferases (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) and glucan binding protein B (gbpB) were quantified. Their toxicity was tested by the MTT method against the KB cell line. Results: According to HPLC, 55.18% of QI extract contained TA. The encapsulation efficiency of QI-NH and TA-NH was equal to 60% and 80%, respectively. SEM and FTIR exhibited that QI extract and TA were successfully entrapped in the networks resulting from the chemical bonding of chitosan and TPP. The average size of QI-NH and TA-NH was 70.45 and 58.43 nm, and their zeta potential was 6.17 ± 2.58 and 0.25 ± 0.03 mv, respectively. PDI < 0.3 of nano hydrogels indicated the favorable polydispersity of nanohydrogels. MIC of QI extract, QI-NH and TA-NH were 937.5, 30 and 10 µg/ml, respectively. Also their MBIC50 was 35.1, 2.1 and 0.95 µg/ml, respectively, and the extracts and nano hydrogels restrained the biofilm maturation on enamel. The pivotal genes of S. mutans in biofilm formation were significantly less expressed by treatment with QI-NH and TA-NH than others. Based on the MTT test, QI-NH had less acute toxicity than QI extract and TA-NH. IC50 of QI-NH was calculated as 775.4 µg/ml, while it was equal to 3.12 µg/ml for chlorhexidine as a common antibacterial agent. Conclusion: QI-NH, a new formulation derived from traditional anti-caries, can be a safe and efficient option to combat dental biofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabdosia rubescens, a Chinese herbal medicine with anticancer properties, contains two active ingredients: oridonin and ponicidin. Both compounds exhibit antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. To further explore the differences in molecular structure and pharmacological properties between the two substances, this study employs Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to investigate the spectral characteristics of oridonin and ponicidin in the frequency range of 0.1 to 2.3 THz. The crystal structures of the two substances are simulated using Materials Studio software and Density Functional Theory (DFT), yielding their spectra and molecular vibration modes, which elucidate the mechanism underlying the peak generation. The consistency between experimental and simulation results confirms the reliability of the experimental findings. Thus, THz spectroscopy can effectively distinguish between these two substances. Finally, a THz detection is performed on Rabdosia rubescens capsules purchased from the market, revealing the presence of absorption peaks for both substances in their absorption spectra. This provides a new approach for detecting active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the incidence of depression, recognized as a serious psychological disorder, has escalated rapidly. Rehmannia glutinosa DC. (Scrophulariaceae; Rehmanniae Radix, Crude drug) and Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (Liliaceae; Lilii bulbus, Crude drug) constitute a classic anti-depressant combination, exhibiting pharmacological effects that include anti-depressive, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory properties. Current clinical studies have demonstrated that Baihe Dihuang Decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal compound, is effective in treating depression. However, the majority of scholars have predominantly examined Rehmannia glutinos a and Lilium in isolation, and a comprehensive elucidation of their principal active metabolites and pharmacological mechanisms remains lacking. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted as of 29 September 2024, utilizing databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, Baidu Scholar, and Google Scholar. Additionally, classical texts on Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, as well as doctoral and master's theses, were included in the collected materials. The search employed specific terms including " R. glutinosa ," " Lilium ," "Baihe Dihuang decoction," "application of Baihe Dihuang decoction," "pathogenesis of depression," and "pharmacological action and mechanism of depression. Results: This paper reviewed the traditional applications and dosages of the R. glutinosa-Lilium as documented in Chinese medical classics, thereby establishing a foundation for the contemporary development and clinical application of the classical formula Baihe Dihuang Decoction. Additionally, recent years have seen a comprehensive review of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of R. glutinosa-Lilium and its principal metabolites in the context of depression. Conclusion: This paper has reviewed the active metabolites of R. glutinosa-Lilium and demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of depression, as well as its role in modulating the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. The findings aim to serve as a reference for further research into the mechanisms of depression, its clinical applications, and the development of novel therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese herbal medicines have been extensively used to treat idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, their efficacy and safety remain uncertain. Therefore, this study employed a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese herbal medicines in combination with biomedicines for treating IMN. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the treatment of IMN using a combination of Chinese herbal medicines and biomedicine, up to 31 May 2024. Two researchers independently conducted the literature screening and data extraction. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane quality review manual, and Stata 14.2 software was employed for network meta-analysis. Results: A total of 31 RCTs involving 2195 IMN patients and 15 different Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed. The network meta-analysis revealed that QQC + BM (84.7%) was the most effective in reducing 24-hour urinary protein. For improving serum albumin, HZC + BM (86%) was the most effective. LGT + BM (77.2%) was the best for enhancing serum creatinine levels. MXC + BM demonstrated the highest effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol (89%) and triglycerides (97%). Lastly, WZC + BM (90.8%) was the most effective in reducing the incidence of adverse reactions. BM. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that integrating Chinese herbal medicines with biomedicine may provide significant benefits in treating IMN. Specifically, QQC + BM appears to be the most effective in reducing 24-hour urinary protein, HZC + BM seems to excel in improving serum albumin levels, MXC + BM is noted for its effectiveness in lowering triglycerides and total cholesterol, LGT + BM is optimal for reducing serum creatinine, and WZC + BM shows the lowest rate of adverse reactions. Nevertheless, due to limitations in the quantity and quality of the included studies, further validation of these conclusions is necessary. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?ID=CRD42024561028], identifier [CRD42024561028]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a growing concern among older adults, with limited effective pharmacological treatments available. Despite the potential of herbal medicine and acupuncture in managing MCI, there is a lack of research on their long-term effects on cognitive function and brain activity in clinical practice settings. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the effects of a community-based program integrating herbal medicine and acupuncture on cognitive function and neural responses in older individuals with MCI. Methods: Nineteen individuals were enrolled from a pool of 250 individuals registered in the 2021 Busan Dementia Prevention & Care Program. Participants with MCI received herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture treatments over a 6-month period. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered at baseline and after 3 and 6 months to evaluate cognitive function. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity during cognitive task performance, including verbal fluency, Stroop color and word, and digit span backward tests. Results: Seventeen participants (13 female; mean age, 69.5 years) with MCI completed the study. Following the 6-month intervention, they exhibited a significant increase in the MoCA total score over time [F(2.32) =10.59, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, the deoxygenated hemoglobin beta coefficient in the left frontopolar prefrontal cortex significantly decreased during the Stroop task after the intervention. Conclusion: The Dementia Prevention & Care Program, which integrates herbal medicine and acupuncture, may enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Moreover, the observed changes in prefrontal cortex activity after completion of the program suggest a need for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing global interest in natural therapies has led to a rise in the use of herbal medicines for managing various ailments. However, concerns about scientific evaluation have prompted a study aiming to assess the study design of herbal medicine clinical trials. This study aimed to provide a descriptive overview of the study design, characteristics, and methodologies of contemporary herbal medicine clinical trials. Materials and methods: The study reviewed herbal medicine clinical trials published between 2019 and 2022 in five electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Data extraction included study characteristics, intervention details, study design, outcome measures, trial phases, blinding, and other relevant information, with descriptive analyses presented. The term 'herbal medicines' in this study refers to herbs, herbal materials, preparations, and finished products containing active ingredients from plant parts or their combinations. Results: Out of the initially identified 5,918 records, 1,517 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. The majority of herbal medicine clinical trials were conducted in Asian countries, covering a range of diseases. A randomized, double-blind, parallel design with a 1:1 allocation ratio was frequently employed, along with the common use of placebos across all trial phases. Capsules were the most common dosage form. The median number of human participants varied across trial phases, ranging from 50 in Phase 1 to 240 in Phase 4. Conclusions: The analysis observed that herbal medicine clinical trials employed randomized, double-blind, parallel designs, and the widespread use of placebo. Our observations provided valuable insights into the evolving landscape of herbal medicine clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of infection related mortality. Isoniazid is one of the frontline drugs for anti-TB therapy. Hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid is a major cause of drug-discontinuation which may lead to development of resistant TB or increased mortality. Purpose: To characterize pharmacological properties of plant-based prescription medicine, Livogrit Vital (LVV) against isoniazid-induced liver injury (IILI) using HepG2 cells. Method: Phytometabolite characterization of LVV was performed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of LVV on cytosafety, IC50 shift, oxidative stress, ER stress, apoptosis, liver injury markers, and accumulation of isoniazid and hydrazine was performed on HepG2 cells induced with isoniazid. Silymarin was used as the positive control. Results: HPLC based phytometabolite characterization of LVV revealed the presence of several anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and hepatoprotective compounds. In isoniazid-induced HepG2 cells, LVV reduced cytotoxicity of isoniazid and shifted its IC50 value. Treatment with LVV reduced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation; enhanced GSH enzyme levels in isoniazid-induced HepG2 cells. As per the mechanistic evaluation, LVV modulated gene expression level of Caspase-3, FGF21, and IRE-1α. LVV treatment also normalized isoniazid-induced elevated Caspase-3 activity and cPARP1 protein levels, indicating its potentials to regulate liver cell apoptosis. Concomitantly, biomarkers of hepatotoxicity, ALT and GGT, also decreased by LVV treatment. Interestingly, LVV treatment reduced intracellular accumulation of isoniazid and its toxic metabolite hydrazine, in isoniazid-stimulated HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Treatment of hepatic cells with the herbo-vitamin medicine, Livogrit Vital, regulates IILI by modulation of oxidative and ER stress, apoptosis, and bioaccumulation of isoniazid and hydrazine. Collectively, Livogrit Vital could well be explored as an adjuvant hepatoprotective agent alongwith anti-TB medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer seriously affects physical and mental health of women. Despite advances in the clinical use of different treatments, breast cancer remains a major cause of mortality. Therefore, it is imperative to identify promising treatment options. In the present study, we investigated the effects of shikonin on 4T1 breast cancer cells and its potential mechanisms of action. Methods: BALB/c-derived mouse breast cancer 4T1 is very close to human breast cancer in growth characteristics and systemic response, so 4T1 cells were selected for further experiments. Cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial activity, and cellular calreticulin (CRT) exposure were assessed to evaluate the antitumor effects and mechanisms of shikonin in vitro. Orthotopic tumor growth inhibition and splenic immune cell regulation by shikonin were evaluated in 4T1 breast cancer orthotopic mice in vivo. Results: In vitro, shikonin could inhibit cell proliferation, cause apoptosis, disrupt mitochondrial activity, and induce ROS production and CRT exposure. In vivo, shikonin inhibited tumor growth, increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells, and reduced the proportion of regulatory cells (CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells) in the spleen. Conclusions: Shikonin inhibits the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial activity, promoting oxidative stress, and regulating immune function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fatigue is a prevalent issue that can lead individuals to a sub-health condition, impacting their work efficiency and quality of life. There are limited effective treatment options available for fatigue. Ren-Shen-Bu-Qi decoction (RSBQD) is a proprietary herbal remedy that is designed to address fatigue. However, the specific pharmacological mechanisms and basis of RSBQD are not yet fully understood. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of RSBQD in a mouse model of exercise fatigue. Materials and methods: UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to analyze the chemical composition of RSBQD. The pharmacological basis and molecular mechanism of RSBQD on exercise fatigue were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, an exercise fatigue mouse model was established and used to analysis the effects of RSBQD. The potential mechanisms were verified by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB) and molecular docking. Results: The results showed that 88 main components of RSBQD were identified, which have mainly belonged to flavonoids and carboxylic acid compounds. The network pharmacology analysis indicated that RSBQD ameliorate fatigue through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notably, RSBQD prolonged the swimming time and diminished body weight loss of exercise fatigue mice (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, RSBQD significantly alleviated the injury of liver and kidney induced by exhaustive exercise, and decreasing the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and BUN levels (P < 0.05). In addition, RSBQD was found could relieve exercise fatigue by decreasing the content of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactic acid (LA), but increasing the blood glucose (GLU) and liver glycogen (HG) levels (P < 0.05). RSBQD also significantly increased the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) but decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, RSBQD was able to upregulate protein level of activated Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Conclusions: RSBQD mitigates exercise fatigue by reversing metabolic changes and reducing oxidative damage through the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study offers pharmacological support for the utilization of RSBQD in exercise fatigue treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human evolution has granted upon an individual's cognitive mechanisms necessary for remembering experiences, vital for both survival and reproduction. These experiences manifest into cultural traits, influencing human culture, particularly in healthcare and maintenance. Studies regarding medicinal plants and treatments are integral to the study of the medical botanical system. Pharmacopeias highlight the prevalence of specific species widely used, aligning with the "consensus within diversity theory" in evolutionary ethnobiology. Within the framework of this theory, we reflect on the results we've achieved in a priority area recognized by UNESCO for its biocultural significance, both locally and regionally. Methods: This study integrated network analysis and qualitative methods to examine the botanical medical system of "Parque Regional Quebradas del Norte" in Rivera, Uruguay. Results: Study results demonstrate a core-periphery structure, with a strongly interconnected core resistant to fragmentation, ensuring structural stability. Additionally, the presence of peripheral nodes throughout the system was identified, enhancing the resilience of the botanical medicinal system against potential disturbances. Conclusion: The core species renowned for their versatility and multiple medicinal uses, treating less severe ailments effectively. Additionally, core plants serve as prototypes for innovations. Their extinction poses a threat to the system's resilience. Conversely, peripheral plants, though vulnerable, offer possibilities for therapeutic innovations. In the face of environmental change, conservation efforts should prioritize species that are vulnerable to extinction, particularly within the core. Simultaneously, preserving knowledge associated with peripheral plants presents a bicultural conservation strategy, ensuring the botanical system's robustness among evolving ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder affecting approximately 0.32% of the global population. Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, many patients with schizophrenia continue to experience significant impairments, and approximately one-third of these patients do not respond to antipsychotic drugs. However, various studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of herbs in managing schizophrenia due to the diverse biological activities of phytochemicals, including neuroprotective activity, anti-oxidant potential, modulation of neurotransmission, and anti-inflammatory activity. Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) is a widely studied herb used in the treatment of the central nervous system. This study conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of Brahmi in managing schizophrenia. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched between February and March, 2024. A total of 103 articles were found, with only 9 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Data analysis was done by using themes. The review found that Brahmi could reverse positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. It does this by changing the glutamatergic pathway and GABAergic transmission, lowering MDA levels, raising GSH levels, slowing down the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and maintaining the density of neurones. It is recommended that additional research elucidating the effects of Brahmi in other models of schizophrenia and the possible mechanisms of action be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irinotecan is a standard chemotherapeutic agent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, as a common adverse reaction, diarrhea limits the use of irinotecan. Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SXD) has been used in various gastrointestinal diseases in China two thousand years ago. We designed this clinical trial to supply more evidences on the use of SXD as prophylaxis for irinotecan-induced diarrhea, especially for high-risk population predicted by gene testing of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). Methods: In this clinical trial, 120 patients with SCLC were recruited from six hospitals in China. They received two cycles of chemotherapy, meanwhile they were randomized to receive SXD or placebo for 14 days of oral administration in each cycle of chemotherapy. The primary outcome is the incidence of diarrhea. And secondary outcomes include the the degree of diarrhea and neutropenia, the number of chemotherapy cycles with diarrhea, first occurrence time and duration of diarrhea. To evaluate the effect of SXD on the intestine, a rat model with delayed-onset diarrhea induced by irinotecan was established, and the expression of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10, TGF- β in jejunal tissue was detected by ELISA. Results: 101 patients (53 in SXD group, 48 in placebo group) completed the trial. The incidence of diarrhea in SXD group and placebo group were 26.42% (14/53) and 52.08% (25/48), respectively (P < 0.05), and the degree of diarrhea also had significant differences (P < 0.05). In UGT1A1 high-risk population, the incidence of diarrhea in two groups were 9.09% and 66.67% (P < 0.05), but there was no significant differences in UGT1A1 low-risk population. The incidence of neutropenia with degree 1–3 between two groups was 20.75% vs 20.83%, 13.21% vs 18.57%, 9.43% vs 20.83% (P < 0.05). No severe adverse events were reported in any group. And animal studies had shown SXD reduced content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, increased content of IL-10, TGF-β in jejunum tissue. Conclusions: SXD had a prophylactic effect in the diarrhea induced by irinotecan, especially for UGT1A1 high-risk population, and this effect from SXD appeared to be maintained the completion of chemotherapy schedule. The mechanism of action of SXD was related to the regulation of inflammatory factors. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR1800018490. Registered on 20 September 2018. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=25250. The preliminary protocol of this clinical study has been published in the journal "Trials" in the form of protocol before this paper (Deng et al. in Trials 21:370, 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systematic collection of diverse adverse events during herbal medicine administration is crucial. The Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) compiles spontaneously reported adverse event data for medicinal products including herbal medicines. This study focused on extracting and analyzing adverse event data specifically related to herbal medicine products from the KAERS database. Methods: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) encompassing 84 types of herbal medicine products, identified by item codes from 2012 to 2021, were extracted from the KAERS database. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the characteristics of the extracted reports, and adverse event information was systematically categorized and analyzed based on the MedDRA System Organ Class and preferred term classification. Results: In total, 1,054 ICSRs were extracted, with some documenting multiple adverse events in a single ICSR, resulting in 1,629 extracted adverse events. When categorized by the MedDRA System Organ Class, gastrointestinal disorders were the most prevalent (28.7%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (20.1%). Based on the preferred terms, the most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (5.8%), urticaria (5.3%), pruritus (4.7%), rash (4.4%), and abdominal discomfort (4.2%). The most frequently reported herbal medicines were Bangpungtongseong-san (297 cases), Kyeongok-go (144 cases), and Eunkyo-san (108 cases). Conclusion: Spontaneously reported adverse events associated with herbal medicine products were systematically documented using the KAERS database. This study, which focused on voluntarily reported adverse reactions, underscores the need for additional research to estimate the incidence rate of adverse events and assess causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systematic collection of diverse adverse events during herbal medicine administration is crucial. The Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) compiles spontaneously reported adverse event data for medicinal products including herbal medicines. This study focused on extracting and analyzing adverse event data specifically related to herbal medicine products from the KAERS database. Methods: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) encompassing 84 types of herbal medicine products, identified by item codes from 2012 to 2021, were extracted from the KAERS database. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the characteristics of the extracted reports, and adverse event information was systematically categorized and analyzed based on the MedDRA System Organ Class and preferred term classification. Results: In total, 1,054 ICSRs were extracted, with some documenting multiple adverse events in a single ICSR, resulting in 1,629 extracted adverse events. When categorized by the MedDRA System Organ Class, gastrointestinal disorders were the most prevalent (28.7%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (20.1%). Based on the preferred terms, the most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (5.8%), urticaria (5.3%), pruritus (4.7%), rash (4.4%), and abdominal discomfort (4.2%). The most frequently reported herbal medicines were Bangpungtongseong-san (297 cases), Kyeongok-go (144 cases), and Eunkyo-san (108 cases). Conclusion: Spontaneously reported adverse events associated with herbal medicine products were systematically documented using the KAERS database. This study, which focused on voluntarily reported adverse reactions, underscores the need for additional research to estimate the incidence rate of adverse events and assess causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological disorder that affects many women of reproductive age. Ginger, a widely used spice with anti-inflammatory properties, has been suggested as a potential treatment for the painful cramps associated with this condition. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ginger for pain management in primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Our systematic review was registered in Prospero (CRD42023418001). Six English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL complete, and Cochrane) and one Persian electric database (SID) was searched up to May 2023 for English or Persian studies that measure the effect of ginger on pain in dysmenorrhea. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Out of the 804 articles initially identified from the search, 24 were included for qualitative analysis and 12 for quantitative analysis after a full-text evaluation. The combined results of the studies indicate that ginger is notably more effective than placebo in reducing both the intensity (SMD = −1.13; 95% CI = −1.59 to −0.68, I2 = 81.05%) and duration of pain (SMD = −0.29; 95% CI = −0.46 to −0.12). There were no differences between ginger and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.24 to 0.25), or exercise (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.66 to 0.78) for pain intensity. Safety-related data were infrequently reported. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that ginger can effectively reduce pain associated with dysmenorrhea. The findings are limited due to risk of bias in the included studies and the unclear risk-benefit ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite the historical neurological use of Withania somnifera, limited evidence supports its efficacy for conditions like anxiety and insomnia. Given its known anti‐stress properties, this review evaluated its safety and efficacy for anxiety and insomnia. Methods: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until August 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing W. somnifera to placebo in patients with anxiety and/or insomnia. Outcome measures included changes in anxiety levels via the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM‐A), Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Total Sleep Time (TST), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), Total Time in Bed (TIB), Sleep Efficiency (SE), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. We utilized a random‐effect model for pooling Mean Differences (MD) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed through sensitivity and subgroup analysis, and the quality of RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane revised risk of bias tool. Results: Pooled results from five RCTs (n = 254) demonstrated that W. somnifera significantly reduced HAM‐A scores (MD = −5.96; [95% CI −10.34, −1.59]; P = 0.008; I2 = 98%), as well as sleep parameters such as SOL, TST, PSQI, and SE, but not WASO and TIB. Conclusion: While W. somnifera extracts yielded promising results, further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm its effects on anxiety and insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional edible, spicy and medicinal herbs rarely are included in studies on water requirements, evapotranspiration and crop coefficients (Kc) of vegetable crops. While the latter refer to large markets and are used worldwide, the former has small and specialized markets. They are very rarely grown in large farms but rather in small farming systems, or just harvested in the wild, and related evapotranspiration (ET) studies are less frequently considered in main journals focused on water management in agriculture. However, there is abundant bibliography covering traditional edible, spicy and medicinal herbs. Following the partition adopted in recently published articles on Kc values, such crops are grouped according to the main part of the plant purposefully harvested: roots, rhizomes and tubers; leaves and flowers; fruits, pods and seeds. Since we focused on Kc and not on the products, and because many crops have simultaneously two usages such as spicy and medicinal, main uses are presented to characterize the crop. Interestingly, the reviewed crop coefficients have values quite similar to those of the more common and popular vegetable crops. The single crop coefficients reviewed, and referring to the initial, mid-season and end-season periods, are tabulated according to the referred groups. In addition, aiming at their use in water management and modelling, crop heights, root depths, fractions of ground cover and fractions of soil water extraction without stress are also tabulated. In conclusion, this review aimed at successfully provide Kc values to be used for computing crop evapotranspiration for irrigation scheduling and crop water management of the referred herbs and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codonopsis canescens Nannf. (CoC) and Codonopsis nervosa Nannf. (CoN) are two traditional Tibetan medicinal herbs (Zangdangshen), which have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, their aerial and underground parts were systematically analyzed using database-enabled UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology. This technology introduced three adduct ions, [M − H]−, [M + H]+, and [M + NH4]+, to putatively identify a total of 66 compounds. During the putative identification, at least 16 isomers were successfully differentiated, such as isochlorogenic acid A vs. isochlorogenic acid B vs. isochlorogenic acid C. Thereafter, all these identified compounds were further quantified for their contents based on a linear regression method. Their contents were observed to vary from 0.00 to 39,127.03 µg/g. Through multiple comparisons of these quantification results, the study found the following four chemical features: (1) Four sesquiterpenes (especially atractylenolide III) enriched mainly in CoC and rarely in CoN; (2) four quinic acid derivatives were abundant in the aerial part of two species; (3) sixteen flavonoids (particularly diosmetin and chrysoeriol) showed higher content in CoC than in CoN; and (4) lobetyolin was ubiquitously distributed in four parts of both CoC and CoN. Based on these features and the relevant principles, four compounds (lobetyolin, atractylenolide III, diosmetin, and chrysoeriol) are recommended as the quality markers of two Tibetan Codonopsis species. All these findings can facilitate the sustainable development and quality control of the two traditional Tibetan medicinal herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oral cancer represents a main public health issue around the world due to the mortality rates associated with it, the lack of effective and potent drugs, the multitude of side effects and the expensive treatments. Until now, no natural alternative therapeutic methods have been found beneficial enough to replace conventional drugs. Thus, bioactive compounds with anticancer properties can represent a necessary alternative through a targeted molecular approach to the multiple pathways involved in carcinogenesis. This review explores how the therapeutic potential of natural compounds can be harnessed and how they can be used as adjuvant therapies for oral cancer treatment. The collected results focused only on plant extracts and biologically active metabolites known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential, which can be described as future chemopreventive agents against oral cancer, alone or in therapeutic combinations. Background: With a significant increase in both incidence and mortality, oral cancer—particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)—is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. Even though there is evidence of advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the overall survival rate for patients with OSCC has improved, but by a small percentage. This may be due, on the one hand, to the fact that the disease is diagnosed when it is at a too-advanced stage, when metastases are already present. Methods: This review explores the therapeutic potential of natural herbal products and their use as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of oral cancer from online sources in databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Scopus, Elsevier). Results: Even if classic therapies are known to be effective, they often produce many serious side effects and can create resistance. Certain natural plant compounds may offer a complementary approach by inducing apoptosis, suppressing tumor growth, and improving chemotherapy effectiveness. The integration of these compounds with conventional treatments to obtain remarkable synergistic effects represents a major point of interest to many authors. This review highlights the study of molecular mechanisms and their efficiency in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as the strategic ways in which drugs can be administered to optimize their use in real contexts. Conclusions: This review may have a significant impact on the oncology community, creating new inspirations for the development of more effective, safer cancer therapies with less toxic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) are distinct herbs outlined by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They are sourced from the same plant but harvested at different times, resulting in differences in efficacy. It is important to avoid mixing them clinically and to distinguish between the two. Furthermore, dissimilar cultivation conditions may cause variability in the quality of herbs, so it is vital to differentiate drugs from dissimilar origins. In this study, two plants, AF and AFI from different provinces, were comparatively analyzed based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and classified using chemometric methods. The results indicate that the two medicines can be clearly distinguished. Also, AF and AFI grown in different locations can be distinguished. Ten chemical markers were screened, and their variations were determined, including eriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, meranzin hydrate, naringenin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, neohesperidin, and poncirin. Subsequent network pharmacology correlated the screened chemical components with the biological network of the organism. The material basis of the difference in efficacy of the two homologous herbs was explored from the perspective of changes in chemical composition. This study provides a reference for formulating quality evaluation standards for AF and AFI and lays a foundation for the efficacy-related quality research of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fubai chrysanthemum is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used as a common food, and is commonly used to improve and relieve visual fatigue. However, its pharmacodynamic material basis and action mechanisms in relieving visual fatigue have not been systematically studied. In this article, 11 absorbed ingredients from Fubai chrysanthemum were detected in rat plasma. Then, the target network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. It was found that Fubai chrysanthemum could inhibit various apoptotic cells and reduce oxidative damage of eyes by regulating the apoptosis pathway, thus alleviating visual fatigue. Further in vitro experiments showed that Fubai chrysanthemum could effectively protect against oxidation damage of adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5), and lens. The results of cell experiments showed that Fubai chrysanthemum could increase the cell activity, GSH content, and SOD content of ARPE-19 and RGC-5 after oxidative injury, while decreasing the IL-18 content. Similarly, in the study of lens transparency, we found that Fubai chrysanthemum could effectively alleviate the oxidative damage degree of the lens, and significantly increase the content of CAT, GSH, and SOD. The above results suggested that Fubai chrysanthemum could play an important role in alleviating visual fatigue through regulating cell apoptosis and antioxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicine (HM), derived from various therapeutic plants, has garnered considerable attention for its remarkable effectiveness in treating diseases. However, numerous issues including improved varieties selection, hazardous residue detection, and concoction management affect herb quality throughout the manufacturing process. Therefore, a practical, rapid, nondestructive detection technology is necessary. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, with low energy, penetration, and fingerprint features, becomes preferable method for herb quality appraisal. There are three parts in our review. THz techniques, data processing, and modeling methods were introduced in Part I. Three primary applications (authenticity, composition and active ingredients, and origin detection) of THz in medicinal plants quality detection in industrial processing and marketing were detailed in Part II. A thorough investigation and outlook on the well-known applications and advancements of this field were presented in Part III. This review aims to bring new enlightenment to the in-depth THz application research in herbal medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicines (HMs) have been utilized to prevent and treat human ailments for thousands of years. Especially, HMs have recently played a crucial role in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. However, HMs are susceptible to various factors during harvesting, processing, and marketing, affecting their clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to conclude a rapid and effective method to study HMs so that they can be used in the clinical setting with maximum medicinal value. Non-targeted analytical technology is a reliable analytical method for studying HMs because of its unique advantages in analyzing unknown components. Based on the extensive literature, the paper summarizes the benefits, limitations, and applicability of non-targeted analytical technology. Moreover, the article describes the application of non-targeted analytical technology in HMs from four aspects: structure analysis, authentication, real-time monitoring, and quality assessment. Finally, the review has prospected the development trend and challenges of non-targeted analytical technology. It can assist HMs industry researchers and engineers select non-targeted analytical technology to analyze HMs' quality and authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding environmentally friendly, effective and residue‐free alternatives to antibiotics has become a research priority. This is due to the ban on antibiotics in animal feed. Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric that has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Curcumin has been widely demonstrated as a traditional flavoured agent and herbal medicine in the fight against diseases. In recent years, curcumin has been extensively studied in animal production, especially in poultry production. This article reviews the source, structure, metabolism and biological functions of curcumin and focuses on the application of curcumin in poultry production. In terms of production performance, curcumin can improve the growth performance of poultry, increase the egg production rate of laying hens and alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on the production performance of poultry and livestock. In terms of meat quality, curcumin can improve poultry meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity. In terms of health, curcumin can improve immunity. Since mycotoxins have been a major problem in poultry production, this article also reviews the role of curcumin in helping poultry resist toxins. It is hoped that the review in this article can provide a concrete theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of curcumin in the field of poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle, a traditional Chinese medicine, holds significant medicinal value, making it ubiquitous in the medical field. However, the efficient extraction of chlorogenic acid from Chinese herbal medicine while maintaining its pharmacological activity remains a pressing challenge. To address the issues of environmental pollution and inefficient extraction using traditional solvents, there is a need to develop a novel solvent. Due to their low cost, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly characteristics, deep eutectic solvents can be used for extracting traditional Chinese medicinal materials while preserving the activity of their active ingredients during the extraction process. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid, a key component of honeysuckle, after extraction using a deep eutectic solvent. We gained preliminary insights into the antibacterial activity of the extract against various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we analyzed the antibacterial activity of extracts of different concentrations in liquid medium, and the morphology of the bacteria after inhibition was analyzed. These findings suggest that deep eutectic solvent (DES) is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective method for extracting the active components of honeysuckle. Moreover, the active components extracted using DES retain robust physiological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The aqueous extract of T. laurifolia exhibited no toxicity to RAW 264.7 macrophages at lower concentrations. • LPS induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages, whereas T. laurifolia leaf extract significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. • T. laurifolia leaf extract serves as a safe natural antioxidant ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl., a Thai medicinal herb, has garnered substantial attention among researchers due to its recognized efficacy as an antidote, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent. Despite its extensive investigation, the specific role of T. laurifolia in apoptotic inhibition remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the protective properties of T. laurifolia leaf extract against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages and determine the extractʼs total phenolic as well as flavonoid content, and its antioxidant. Moreover, the cytotoxicity including anti-inflammatory potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO). The outcomes of this investigation revealed remarkable similarity between the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract under scrutiny and those documented in prior studies. In addition, the extract demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity at low concentrations. Furthermore, it effectively impeded the LPS-mediated production of NO, inflammatory mediator, in the macrophages. Moreover, pre-treatment with T. laurifolia leaf extract improved LPS-induced apoptosis by reducing rate of apoptotic cell death up to 41 % at the same concentration (1.68 μL/mL) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, these findings provide compelling initial evidence attesting to the ability of T. laurifolia leaf extract to inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages, thereby augmenting our understanding of its potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping with cancer presents a multitude of challenges that encompass every aspect of a patient's life. These challenges not only strain the body but also weigh heavily on the mind, often culminating in profound psychological distress for cancer patients. The cumulative burden of these experiences can heighten the risk of developing psychiatric disorders, exacerbating the already daunting landscape of cancer care. Therefore, this study reviewed the available research with the aim of investigating the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on psychological conditions in elderly cancer patients. In this scoping review, we applied specific criteria to select studies that focused on elderly patients with cancer. We performed an extensive search across electronic databases, including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. In our investigation, we identified a total of 3870 articles related to the topic under review. Following a meticulous screening process that involved evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, we ultimately selected five articles deemed relevant for inclusion in this review. Among these articles, three were randomised studies, while the remaining two were review articles. The outcomes of our analysis revealed that herbal decoctions, nutritional counselling, Tai Chi and acupressure, can effectively improve various psychological outcomes in elderly cancer patients. These interventions reduce fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress, while also enhancing sleep quality and overall mental health. The present study highlights the importance of traditional Chinese medicine in addressing the needs of elderly patients with cancer. As a result, it is recommended that further extensive research be conducted to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in managing cancer in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Capparis (Capparidaceae) comprises more than 250 species. C. spinosa L. is found in Mediterranean regions (Iran, Turkey, Italy, Algeria and Morocco). It is a medicinal herb due to the presence of several chemical compound in its roots, leaves, buds, fruits and seed. In folk medicine it is used as anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive and antimicrobial, hence, traditionally used in diet. This is overview of botanical, chemical, pharmacological as well as genetic aspects of C. spinosa L. and explains the scientific basis and pharmacological uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Huashi Baidu Formula (HBF) is a clinical formula known for its efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). HBF may reduce the number of patients with abnormal serum creatinine while improving respiratory symptoms, suggesting that this formula may have potential for treating acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the protective effect of HBF on AKI has not been definitively confirmed, and the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the present study explored the renoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of HBF and screened for its active ingredients to identify new potential applications of renoprotection by HBF. Methods: The present study first assessed the protective effects of HBF on AKI in a DOX-induced mouse model. Then, RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were used to explore the related pathological processes and potential molecular mechanisms, which were subsequently validated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, candidate compounds with potential binding affinity to two pivotal targets, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were screened from the 29 constituents present in the blood using Microscale Thermophoresis (MST). Finally, to identify the active ingredients, the candidate components were re-screened using the SphK1 kinase activity detection system or the uPA/PAI-1 substrate colorimetric assay system. Results: In the DOX-induced AKI mouse model, therapeutic administration of HBF significantly reduced the levels of CRE, BUN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and UA in plasma and the levels of MDA, T-CHO, and TG in kidney tissue. Additionally, the levels of TP and Alb in plasma and SOD and CAT in the kidney tissue were significantly increased. Histopathological assessment revealed that HBF reduced tubular vacuolation, renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular atrophy, and positive staining of renal interstitial collagen. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses showed that oxidative stress, the immune-inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation could be the pathological processes that HBF targets to exerts its renoprotective effects. Furthermore, HBF regulated the APJ/SPHK1/NF-κB and APJ/PAI-1/TGFβ signaling axes and reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and SMAD2 and the expression of cytokines and the ECM downstream of the axis. Finally, six SphK1 inhibitors (paeoniflorin, astragalin, emodin, glycyrrhisoflavone, quercetin, and liquiritigenin) and three PAI-1 inhibitors (glycyrrhisoflavone, licochalcone B, and isoliquiritigenin) were identified as potentially active ingredients in HBF. Conclusion: In brief, our investigation underscores the renoprotective effect of HBF in a DOX-induced AKI model mice, elucidating its mechanisms through distinct pathological processes and identifying key bioactive compounds. These findings offer new insights for broadening the clinical applications of HBF and unravelling its molecular mode of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is increasingly used and now found in products intended for human consumption. The protective effect of 1,8-cineole (CIN) against BPAF-induced reproductive toxicity was investigated. Four groups were created, with each group consisting of eight rats: control, BPAF (200 mg/kg), CIN (200 mg/kg), and BPAF + CIN groups. The results demonstrated that the BPAF group exhibited a decline in testosterone levels and a decrease in sperm parameters compared with the control. Additionally, higher levels of MDA were observed, along with lower levels of GSH and GPx activity. CAT activity also decreased slightly. Tnf-α, Nf-κB levels were significantly higher, and caspase-3 expression was elevated, while PCNA expression decreased. BPAF significantly increased tissue degeneration compared with the control. However, the BPAF + CIN group showed statistically significant improvements in sperm parameters, except for concentration. They also exhibited an increase in testosterone levels and an improvement in MDA and GSH levels compared with the BPAF group. However, GPx activity partially enhanced. Tnf-α and Nf-κB levels were significantly reduced, and caspase-3 levels declined while PCNA and Bcl-2 levels increased. The Johnsen Testicular Biopsy score showed a substantial increase. Overall, these results suggest that CIN co-treatment in rats enhanced reproductive health and exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against BPAF-induced testicular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately one-third of Americans use healthcare approaches including herbs and botanicals, such as St. John's wort (SJW), to improve overall well-being, gain control over their health, and manage the adverse reactions of conventional therapies. This article examines the use of SJW in cancer care, discussing its pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and potential interactions with cancer treatments while emphasizing the importance of patient education and collaboration between oncology nurses and pharmacists to ensure safe and effective care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their widespread use, research is needed to evaluate the weight loss and related health/wellness outcomes of herbal plants. Preliminary research found that the fruit of Dichrostachys glomerata is safe and has potential weight loss effects. This study aimed to examine the effect of a standardized powder of D. glomerata fruit pods (DYG-400®) on weight, food cravings, mood, and health-related quality of life of overweight and mildly obese adults. In this CONSORT-compliant double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 56 adults (Mean [M] age = 44.50, M [body mass index] BMI = 31.66) were randomized to either the D. glomerata Group (DG; 300 mg/d) or Placebo Group (PG; rice protein, 300 mg/d) for 60 days. Participants weight was assessed along with self-report assessments of the Food Cravings Questionnaire, CDC Health-related Quality of Life, Perceived Stress Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Profile of Mood States at Baseline, Day 30, and Day 60. The data were collected from March 2023 to June 2023 and stored electronically, and analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. DG lost more weight at Day 60 compared to PG, p =.05 (4.11 vs. 2.19 lbs). DG had reduced food cravings from Baseline to Day 30 and Day 60 compared to PG, p <.001. Perceived stress, p <.001, and mood, p =.017, improved from Baseline to Day 60 for DG compared to PG. Anxiety decreased from Baseline to Day 60 for DG and from Baseline to Day 30 for PG, p <.001. Health-related Quality of Life improved for DG compared to PG, p <.001. D. glomerata (DYG-400®) may be an effective herbal intervention to promote weight loss and health. Extended clinical trials across diverse populations and settings are needed. Clinical trial registry number and website: ISRCTN10099861, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10099861. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One promising approach to overcome drug resistance in asthma treatments involves dual-target therapy, specifically targeting the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor (M3R). This study investigated the anti-asthma effects and dual-target mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid, hesperidin, and platycodin D (GHP) from Zhisou San. GHP administration effectively attenuated OVA-induced inflammatory infiltration and overproduction of mucus in asthmatic mice. Additionally, GHP treatment significantly suppressed M3R and promoted β2-AR activation, resulting in the relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle. These findings concluded that GHP mitigated asthma by targeting β2-AR and M3R to ameliorate airway inflammation and modulate airway smooth muscle relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new prenylated C6–C3 compounds (1–3), together with two known prenylated C6–C3 compounds (4–5) and one known C6–C3 derivative (6), were isolated from the roots of Illicium brevistylum A. C. Smith. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, CD experiments and ECD calculations. The structure of illibrefunone A (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated in terms of their anti-inflammatory potential on nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages and murine BV2 microglial cells, antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2). Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 20.57 and 12.87 μM respectively, which were greater than those of dexamethasone (positive control). Compounds 1 and 4–6 exhibited weak activity against Coxsackievirus B3, with IC50 values ranging from 25.87 to 33.33 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astragali Radix (AR), a common traditional Chinese medicinal herb, exhibits protective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in extensive researches. Aticles focusing on AR in PubMed were collected and reviewed in order to summarize the latest pharmacological effects on DN. The action mechanisms for protectiving effects of AR were associated with regulation of anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-podocyte apoptosis, restoration of mitochondrial function, restoration of endothelial function in diabetes nephropathy experimental models. Consequently, AR hold promise as potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new coumarin (1) and a new flavonoid (2) were isolated from the air-dried flower buds of Ochrocarpus longifolius, together with ten known compounds (3–12). The structures of two new compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. In addition, the new compound 2 showed significant proliferation inhibitory activity on Eca-109 and MGC-803 cells. The results of this study may enrich the diversity of compounds from O. longifolius and provide a basis for further research on its natural products and pharmacological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bletilla striata is widely used as healthy food and herbal medicine for its hemostasis, anti-ulcer, promoting wound healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulatory functions. Drying methods affect the quality of herbal medicine, including appearance and more importantly the content of active components, which play a decisive role in the medical and tonic functions. In this study, hot air drying (HD), infrared drying (ID), microwave drying (MD), vacuum drying (VD), and freeze drying (FD) were used to evaluate the effect of drying methods on the quality of B. striata tubers. Significant effects of drying methods on the appearance, color, microstructure, water activity, water content, and active component content of B. striata tubers were observed. FD-treated samples retained the majority of the appearance, color, and microstructure, while samples processed with other methods exhibiting various deformation and discoloration. In addition, a significant decline in water content and water activity was detected in FD-treated samples, yet, the content of active components, such as B. striata polysaccharides, total polyphenols, and militarine, was relatively high. After comprehensive comparison, freeze-drying is proposed to be the most suitable method for B. striata drying, which is also recommendable for other tuber drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nutritional interventions (i.e. nutritional support, dietary patterns and dietary supplements) on cognitive function in cancer survivors. Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL was conducted from the inception until March 10, 2023. The last search was conducted on December 10, 2023. Reporting Method: PRISMA. Results: A total of 59 randomized controlled trials were included for analysis. Nutritional support, dietary patterns and dietary supplements improved cognitive function in cancer survivors with no apparent safety concerns. The anti‐inflammatory diet, the fasting‐mimicking diet and the web‐based diet significantly improved cognitive function. Whereas the ketogenic diet or dietary advice to consume more soluble dietary fibres and less insoluble dietary fibres and lactose could not. There was evidence from dietary supplements to support the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements, traditional herbal medicines and other supplements. Conclusions: Nutritional interventions have great promise for improving cognitive function in adult cancer survivors. Further validation of the nutritional interventions supported in this study in other survivors and exploration of more effective nutritional interventions are needed. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: This work can support the construction of nutritional support interventions and dietary guidance programs to prevent cancer‐related cognitive decline. Impact: This work filled a gap in preventive strategies for cancer‐related cognitive decline from a nutritional perspective. Nutritional support, dietary patterns, and dietary supplements can prevent cancer‐related cognitive decline without serious safety concerns. This work highlighted nutritional interventions that have the potential to improve cognitive function in cancer survivors, benefiting the further construction of evidence‐based nutritional intervention programs. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this trial was to assess the effectiveness of Sediflù, a medical device containing active herbal ingredients, on nocturnal and diurnal persistent coughs in children, with a duration of 3 to 7 days. Children with a dry and/or productive cough were enrolled in this prospective, interventional, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clinical efficacy was assessed through the evaluation of the soothing action of Sediflù against dry and/or productive coughing, both at night and during the day, and other effects of coughing associated with quality of sleep: frequency, child's quality of sleep, parental quality of sleep and severity. Treatment with Sediflù improved both night-time and day-time cough scores from day 2. The diurnal score also improved significantly in the Sediflù group at days 3 and 7. Sediflù syrup can be considered a valid treatment for cough management in younger children with upper respiratory tract infections, shortening the cough duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in preventing and treating gastric cancer has gained clear recognition. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the data on the involvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, this article aims to organize and analyze relevant information to provide a reference for the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epimedium is a Chinese herb known as "yin and yang fire," first mentioned in the Compendium of Materia Medica. Many of the proprietary Chinese medicines used in clinical practice contain Epimedium as an ingredient, and its main active constituents include icariin, icaritin, and icariside II, among others. In addition to its traditional use in treating fatigue and sexual problems, modern research has confirmed that the main bioactive compounds in Epimedium have pharmacological effects such as antidepressant, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as inhibiting bone destruction, promoting bone growth, improving immune regulation and protecting the cardio-cerebral vascular system. With the continuous development of extraction and purification techniques, the development and use of bioactive compounds in Epimedium have significantly progressed, and the anticancer effect has received widespread attention. Since natural herbs have few side effects on the human body and do not easily develop drug resistance, they have long been the direction of research in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the latest research on the anticancer effects of Epimedium and its extracts, describes the bioactive compounds, pharmacological efficacy, and antitumor mechanism of Epimedium, and gives a new view on the administration and development of Epimedium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synephrine is widely found in Chinese herbs of the Rutaceae family and is commonly used as a primary substitute for ephedrine in sports supplements. However, its potential cardiotoxicity has necessitated governmental regulations regarding its use. This study determined the contents of synephrine, phenylephrine, and caffeine in 30 Chinese herbal preparations (including five single herbs) and 16 supplements promoted for weight loss. The presence of naturally occurring synephrine was detected in all Chinese herbal medicines, with immature bitter orange having the highest synephrine content (ranging from 233.1 to 505.3 mg/100 g). This was followed by three herbs with comparable amounts of up to 317.7 mg/100 g, namely bitter orange, red tangerine exocarp, and tangerine peel. Euodia fruit had the lowest synephrine content, measuring up to 4.9 mg/100 g. None of these herbal medicines were found to contain detectable phenylephrine. On the other hand, weight-loss supplements, comprising complex combinations of herbal extracts, were found to contain synephrine in concentrations up to 1159.0 mg/100 g and caffeine up to 1659.1 mg/100 g. The synephrine content of these products did not exceed the regulatory limit of six percent, nor did they surpass the respective daily consumption of 20 mg. However, one product was found to contain both synephrine and caffeine, albeit at low concentrations, which could potentially breach the regulation prohibiting the combined use of bitter orange and caffeine as food ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiherbal medicines are traditionally used as personalized medicines with custom combinations of crude drugs; however, the mechanisms of multiherbal medicines are unclear. In this study, we developed a novel pathway‐based method to predict therapeutic effects and the mode of action of custom‐made multiherbal medicines using machine learning. This method considers disease‐related pathways as therapeutic targets and evaluates the comprehensive influence of constituent compounds on their potential target proteins in the disease‐related pathways. Our proposed method enabled us to comprehensively predict new indications of 194 Kampo medicines for 87 diseases. Using Kampo‐induced transcriptomic data, we demonstrated that Kampo constituent compounds stimulated the disease‐related proteins and a customized Kampo formula enhanced the efficacy compared with an existing Kampo formula. The proposed method will be useful for discovering effective Kampo medicines and optimizing custom‐made multiherbal medicines in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]