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Objective: Low-vision quality-of-life (LVQOL) questionnaire was recently translated to Persian. Its model fit and construct validity were assessed by exploratory and confirmatory analysis for adults with visual impairment, before. In this study, we aimed to test the reliability of the Persian LVQOL questionnaire based on Rasch analysis. Methods: Overall, 100 low-vision patients and 100 demographic statue-matched control subjects were participated for evaluating reliability aspects. All the participants were asked to complete the Persian LVQOL questionnaire. The low-vision group was asked to fill out the LVQOL 3 months after rehabilitation to determine how rehabilitation changed the quality of life. Rasch analyses of the survey items were conducted using WINSTEPS. Results: All items fitted the Rasch model. Point-measure correlations values varied from.13 to.70, providing a preliminary indication of adequate construct validity. All factor loadings found more than.4. infit values for all other participants were in the acceptable range. All items obtained infit and outfit MSQ values of < 2.0. Patients' abilities relative to the item difficulty were analyzed. Item difficulty was estimated and item characteristic curves were included. Sufficient unidimensionality, hierarchical order, and equal interval scaring were obtained. Conclusion: The Persian LVQOL questionnaire was reliable enough and it will be valuable in both clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the vision quality assessment questionnaires are in English. None of the low-vision-related quality-of-life questionnaires have been translated or developed in Persian. It will help Persian optometrists and ophthalmologists to assess improvement of visual function and quality of life during their low-vision rehabilitation programs. In this study, we aimed to translate the low-vision quality-of-life (LVQOL) questionnaire in Persian language and apply exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the construct validity and fit model. Translation and cultural adjustment of the English language LVQOL questionnaire to Persian was undertaken. Overall, 100 low-vision patients were participated to validate and model the assessment questionnaire by both EFA and CFA methods. Complementary EFA and CFA results provide detailed information about item and scale performance of the Persian LVQOL. EFA showed Items 15, 16, and 21 which had factor loadings lower than 0.3. The modified model had the comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.89 and 0.06, respectively. The translation, adjustment, and fit analysis of the LVQOL questionnaire into Persian were successful and it will be valuable in both clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on visual functions such as visual acuity, refractive errors, colour vision, and contrast sensitivity, among hypothyroid adults. Methods: Forty‐three patients with clinical hypothyroidism along with 43 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals underwent visual examinations, including visual acuity, refractive errors, eye deviations with the cover test, colour vision with the D15 test, and contrast sensitivity with Pelli‐Robson test. Results: It was indicated that visual acuity, refractive errors, phoria, and colour vision had no significant difference between the hypothyroid and control groups. Contrast sensitivity decreased in hypothyroid subjects as compared with controls. The mean values of binocular contrast sensitivity were 1.85 ± 0.09 log in the hypothyroid group and 1.93 ± 0.09 log in controls, which showed a statistically significant difference (p =.03). Conclusions: Our findings illustrated a reduced contrast sensitivity in adult hypothyroidism. Since CS is related to functioning and quality of life, a comprehensive and detailed eye examination may be beneficial for hypothyroidism patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the pooled prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaluate its risk factors by gender, age, and ethnicity. Methods: Articles were searched reporting the prevalence of MGD from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Results: The estimated pooled prevalence of MGD was 0.358 (95% CI 0.26–0.46; I2: 99.57%). The prevalence of MGD was 0.358 (95% CI 0.24–0.50) in clinical and 0.359 (95% CI 0.22–0.52) in population-based studies. Men were more prone to MGD than women (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52, p = 0.034). The rate of MGD was between 21.2% and 29.5% in Africans and Caucasians, to 71.0% in Arabs, and 67.5% in Hispanics. Conclusion: MGD is a quite prevalent disorder with an estimated pooled prevalence of 35.8%. Men are more prone to MGD than women. There is a large variation between studies in terms of quality, sample size, age ranges, diagnostic criteria, and ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical Relevance: Expanding practitioner knowledge regarding potential changes in ocular structure of keratoconic eyes will improve the eye care practice and patient management., Background: This study aimed to compare the difference in choroidal thickness between keratoconus patients and two control groups of myopic-astigmatism and emmetropic subjects., Methods: A case-control study was undertaken which included 50 patients with keratoconus, 50 with myopic-astigmatism, 30 with emmetropia aged between 18 and 39 years. Choroidal thickness was measured at three different locations, including the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal (750 micrometres) to the fovea, using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with an enhanced depth imaging technique., Results: The mean spherical equivalents were 0.03 ± 0.05, -3.00 ± 0.2, and -3.00 ± 0.3 dioptre in emmetropic, myopic-astigmatism and keratoconus subjects, respectively. The choroid was significantly thicker in keratoconus patients than in myopic-astigmatism and emmetropic subjects in the subfoveal (396 ± 14, 314 ± 12, and 320 ± 18 μm, respectively, p  < 0.001), temporal (405 ± 14, 317 ± 12, and 328 ± 19 μm, respectively, p  < 0.001) and nasal (376 ± 14, 285 ± 12, and 311 ± 18 μm, respectively; p  < 0.001)., Conclusion: Choroidal thickness is increased in keratoconus. The exact mechanism for choroidal thickening in individuals with keratoconus is unknown, but inflammatory responses could be the reason.

Purpose: The possible effects of refractive errors on vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has been a conflicting issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of induced myopia on VOR using the ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (oVEMP)., Methods: In this cross-sectional quasi-experimental study, 35 emmetropic and normal subjects with the mean age of 23.89 ± 3.93 (range, 20-40 years) without any ocular, nervous system, and vestibular disorders, underwent the oVEMP test in the comprehensive rehabilitation center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The oVEMP was performed under five different conditions of testing binocularly, monocularly, and when myopia was induced with the use of spherical lenses of +1.00, +3.00, and +5.00 diopters, respectively. There were 2 to 5 min of rest with closed eyes after each condition to avoid adaptation, fatigue, and any other sources of bias. Mean latencies of oVEMP waves (N1 and P1) and amplitudes of N1-P1 complex were measured., Results: There was no significant difference between the right and left sides ( P > 0.05). The induced myopia significantly increased the N1 and P1 latencies using lenses of +1.00, +3.00, and +5.00 diopters but the amplitudes of N1-P1 complex were not influenced by the different amounts of induced myopia. There was no significant difference among the different conditions of induced myopia either ( P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Induced myopia could affect the VOR due to prolonging the latencies of oVEMP waves. However, the amplitudes were not affected and the effects of multiple degrees of induced myopia were not significantly different., Competing Interests: None., (Copyright © 2024 Mazloom et al.)