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4. Civil-military relations in Israel and Turkey

Author

Heper, Metin and Itzkowitz-Shifrinson, Joshua R.

Subjects
MILITARY CIVIL RELATIONS - Israel, MILITARY CIVIL RELATIONS - Turkey, DEMOCRACY - Organization
Abstract

bibliog

Published
2005

12. Turkey “between East and West”

Author

Heper, Metin

Subjects
European studies, Institute of European studies, international, political, working paper
Abstract

Metin Heper discusses the formation of Turkey’s identity, which came to encompass both an "Eastern" and a "Western" (or European) dimension. Against this background, Heper discusses three main issues within the politics of Turkey that have remained problematic from the perspective of the EU: Islam in politics, nationalism and the consideration of Turkey’s ethnic minorities, and the political role of the military. Based on the "identity history" of Turkey, Heper puts forward some suggestions about how the alleged divide between East and West, and Islam and Europe, may be bridged. The paper concludes by exploring the possibility that an intellectual departure from the concept of a "shared civilization" towards the idea of "sharing a civilization" may contribute to the construction of a Euro-Mediterranean region.

Published
2004

35. Communications

Author

Wickwar, W. Hardy, Armstrong, R. W., Lesch, Ann M., Tibi, Bassam, Kapteijns, Lidwien, Heper, Metin, and Cattan, Henry

Published
1987

40. Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism

Author

Heper, Metin

Subjects
Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism (Nonfiction work) -- Ciddi, Sinan -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Political science
Abstract

Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism by Sinan Ciddi London and New York: Routledge, 2009, 196 pp., ISBN 9780415475044. The title of this book is [...]

Published
2010

41. Civil-military relations

Author

Heper, Metin, Özerdem, A., Whiting, M., and Heper, Metin

Abstract

Chapter 8 Until recent decades, the military, on the whole, played a special role both in the Ottoman and Republican polities. In circa 1299, a military force, at the time consisting of warlords, formed the Ottoman principality. Later, in the Empire, as in the Turkish Republic, the centre/state had a more elevated status vis-à-vis the community/civil society and, until recently, the military remained the backbone of that state. By the end of the nineteenth century, the military, along with the civil bureaucracy, became first the object and then the subject of modernisation. A large number of Westernising leaders came from the military ranks. In 1909, they helped depose Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876–1909) to bring about a more consultative regime and do away with the Sultan’s personal rule. During the next decade, the military involved itself in the day-to-day politics of the empire. The Ottoman staff officer, Adjutant-Major Atatürk1 disapprovingly depicted those later years as follows: ‘As long as members of the military remain in the [governing] Committee [of Union of Progress], neither shall we [be able to] set up an [effective political] party nor shall we [be able to] have a [subservient] military’ (Turfan 2000, 15).

Published
2019

47. The military and democracy in the Third Turkish Republic

Author

Heper, Metin and Guney, Aylin

Subjects
Turkey -- Military aspects, Armed Forces -- Turkey -- Military aspects, Democracy -- Military aspects -- Turkey, Aerospace and defense industries, International relations, Military and naval science, Political science, Military aspects
Abstract

In the mid-1990s, civil-military relations in Turkey came close to the liberal-democratic model. The military was essentially interested in contributing to public policy in matters it deemed important - matters that pertained to the internal and external defense of the country. Officers thought that they should make such a contribution not because they were the ultimate guardians of some substantive norms but because they had the necessary expertise. However, they became impatient if civilian governments bypassed them in the making of policy decisions deemed critical. Concerning such matters, sometimes they suggested that the people should act as arbiters in the conflict between them and civilian governments. However, officers gave the impression that if indeed the people's opinion was asked and the people supported them rather than the civilian government they would not force the civilian government to act in the way they thought best., From the inception of the Ottoman Empire (1299) to the present, the military in Turkey has often played a significant role in the polity. The Ottoman state was born as [...]

Published
1996

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