Search

Your search keyword '"Henryk Czyrkowski"' showing total 37 results
Start Over Author "Henryk Czyrkowski"
37 results on '"Henryk Czyrkowski"'

1. 'Pi of the Sky' Detector

Author

Katarzyna Małek, Tadeusz Batsch, Henryk Czyrkowski, Mikołaj Ćwiok, Ryszard Dąbrowski, Wojciech Dominik, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Ariel Majcher, Agnieszka Majczyna, Lech Mankiewicz, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Robert Pietrzak, Lech W. Piotrowski, Maria Ptasińska, Małgorzata Siudek, Marcin Sokołowski, Janusz Użycki, Piotr Wawer, Roman Wawrzaszek, Grzegorz Wrochna, Marcin Zaremba, and Aleksander F. Żarnecki

Subjects
Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

“Pi of the Sky” experiment has been designed for continuous observations of a large part of the sky, in search for astrophysical phenomena characterized by short timescales, especially for prompt optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). Other scientific goals include searching for novae and supernovae stars and monitoring of blasars and AGNs activity. “Pi of the Sky” is a fully autonomous, robotic detector, which can operate for long periods of time without a human supervision. A crucial element of the detector is an advanced software for real-time data analysis and identification of short optical transients. The most important result so far has been an independent detection and observation of the prompt optical emission of the “naked-eye” GRB080319B.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Time Projection Chamber (TPC) Detectors for Nuclear Astrophysics Studies With Gamma Beams

Author

S. S. Henshaw, K. Tittelmeier, Ying Wu, Deran Schweitzer, D. L. Balabanski, Moshe Gai, A. Korgul, Catalin Matei, C. Mazzocchi, L. S. Myers, Martin Freer, M. Pfützner, Sarah Stern, M. Zaremba, H. R. Weller, S. Stave, Robin Smith, A. Fijałkowska, Ioana Gheorghe, M. W. Ahmed, Jan Stefan Bihałowicz, R. Dabrowski, L. Janiak, Jonathan Mueller, W. Dominik, Volker Dangendorf, N. V. Zamfir, Amos Breskin, Z. Janas, T. Matulewicz, Ovidiu Tesileanu, C. R. Howell, M. Cwiok, Henryk Czyrkowski, A.H. Young, and Changchun Sun

Subjects
Active target, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Helium
Abstract

Gamma-Beams at the HIgS facility in the USA and anticipated at the ELI-NP facility, now constructed in Romania, present unique new opportunities to advance research in nuclear astrophysics; not the least of which is resolving open questions in oxygen formation during stellar helium burning via a precise measurement of the 12C(a,g) reaction. Time projection chamber (TPC) detectors operating with low pressure gas (as an active target) are ideally suited for such studies. We review the progress of the current research program and plans for the future at the HI{\gamma}S facility with the optical readout TPC (O-TPC) and the development of an electronic readout TPC for the ELI-NP facility (ELITPC)., Comment: Contribution Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications (SORMA XVII), June 11 - June 14 , 2018, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Published
2018

3. Pi of the Sky observation of GRB160625B

Author

Małgorzata Siudek, Marcin Sokolowski, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Lech Mankiewicz, Katarzyna Małek, R. Opiela, Krzysztof Nawrocki, M. Cwiok, Henryk Czyrkowski, R. Wawrzaszek, R. Dąbrowski, Grzegorz Wrochna, A. J. Castro-Tirado, M. Zaremba, Martin Jelínek, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, T. Batsch, Ariel Majcher, A. Cwiek, and Łukasz Obara

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spectral bands, Astrophysics, Light curve, law.invention, Telescope, Flash (photography), Sky, Observatory, law, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, media_common
Abstract

Pi of the Sky is a system of wide field of view robotic telescopes, which search for short timescale astrophysical phenomena, especially for prompt optical GRB emission. The system was designed for autonomous operation, monitoring a large fraction of the sky to a depth of 12m−13m and with time resolution of the order of 10 seconds. Custom designed CCD cameras are equipped with Canon lenses f = 85 mm, f/d = 1.2 and cover 20° × 20° of the sky each. The final system with 16 cameras on 4 equatorial mounts was completed in 2014 at the INTA El Arenosillo Test Centre in Spain. GRB160625B was an extremely bright GRB with three distinct emission episodes. Cameras of the Pi of the Sky observatory in Spain were not observing the position of the GRB160625B prior to the first emission episode. Observations started only after receiving Fermi/GBM trigger, about 140 seconds prior to the second emission. As the position estimate taken from the Fermi alert and used to position the telescope was not very accurate, the actual position of the burst happened to be in the overlap region of two cameras, resulting in two independent sets of measurements. Light curves from both cameras were reconstructed using the Luiza framework. No object brighter than 12.4m (3σ limit) was observed prior to the second GRB emission. An optical flash was identified on an image starting -5.9s before the time of the Fermi/LAT trigger, brightening to about 8m on the next image and then becoming gradually dimmer, fading below our sensitivity after about 400s. Emission features as measured in different spectral bands indicate that the three emission episodes of GRB160625B were dominated by distinct physics process. Simultaneously observations in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths support the hypothesis that this was the first observed transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation in a single GRB. Main results of the combined analysis are presented.

Published
2017

4. β -delayed proton emission from P26 and S27

Author

R. Slepniev, G. Kamiński, A. A. Ciemny, R. Dąbrowski, M. Pfützner, Magdalena Kuich, M. Mentel, Henryk Czyrkowski, Marcin Jerzy Pomorski, A. Knyazev, Łukasz Janiak, M. S. Golovkov, W. Dominik, Z. Janas, P. Plucinski, B. Zalewski, A. S. Fomichev, S. A. Krupko, C. Mazzocchi, A. V. Gorshkov, A. A. Bezbakh, and Natalia Sokołowska

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Ion, Nuclear physics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Proton emission, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Ground state
Abstract

Delayed emission of protons following β decay of neutron deficient nuclei P26 and S27 was investigated at the ACCULINNA separator in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at Dubna. Ions of interest, identified in flight, were implanted into the active volume of the gaseous optical time projection chamber, which allowed us to record tracks of charged particles emitted in the decay. Total branching ratios for β-delayed proton emission and for β-delayed two-proton emission were determined. In addition, energy spectra for delayed protons below 2 MeV were established. Our findings for P26 agree with results of previous experiments. In the case of S27, however, the observed probability of delayed proton emission is an order of magnitude larger than reported in literature. Two new strong proton transitions were identified representing decays of the first two excited states of P27 to the ground state of Si26. The probability ratio of γ-to-proton emission from these states is discussed.

Published
2017

5. Parallax in 'Pi of the Sky' project

Author

Małgorzata Siudek, Katarzyna Małek, T. Batsch, A. J. Castro-Tirado, B. A. de la Morena, A. Majczyna, R. Dabrowski, Henryk Czyrkowski, Marcin Sokolowski, Ariel Majcher, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Grzegorz Wrochna, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, R. Wawrzaszek, Łukasz Obara, Lech Mankiewicz, R. Opiela, M. Cwiok, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, M. Zaremba, and A. Cwiek

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrometry, Flash (photography), Identification (information), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Parallax, Recognition algorithm, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Space debris
Abstract

The main goal of the “Pi of the Sky” project is search for optical transients (OTs) of astrophysical origin, in particular those related to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Since March 2011 the project has two running observatories: one in northern Chile and the other one in southern Spain. This allows for regular observations of a common sky fields, visible from both observatories which are scheduled usually 1–2 h per night. In such a case, the on-line flash recognition algorithm, looking for optical transients, can use parallax information to assure that events observed from both sites have parallax angle smaller than the error of astrometry. On the other hand, the remaining OT candidates can be verified against a hypothesis of being near-Earth objects. This paper presents algorithm using parallax information for identification of near-Earth objects, which might be satellites, or space debris elements. Preliminary results of the algorithm are also presented.

Published
2013

6. Optical Time Projection Chamber for imaging nuclear decays

Author

S. V. Stepantsov, W. Dominik, G. M. Ter-Akopian, W. Kuśmierz, Henryk Czyrkowski, Z. Janas, R. Wolski, M. Pfützner, R. Slepniev, M. S. Golovkov, K. Miernik, R. Da¸browski, A. M. Rodin, and A. Fomitchev

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Time projection chamber, Ccd camera, Excited state, Electron, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Charged particle, Ionizing radiation
Abstract

We present a novel type of a Time Projection Chamber in which tracks of charged particles ionizing an active gas volume are recorded by means of optical signals. By combining a CCD camera image with the electron drift-time profile measured by a photomultiplier, it is possible to reconstruct trajectories of particles in three dimensions. The chamber was developed to study exotic nuclear decays in which charged particles are emitted. The results of first measurements will be demonstrated in which beta-delayed protons from 13O, the two-alpha decay of 8Be, and the triple-alpha decay of 12C excited states were recorded.

Published
2007

7. Status of the Pi of the Sky telescopes in Spain and Chile

Author

R. Opiela, K. Malek, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Henryk Czyrkowski, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Marcin Sokolowski, M. Zaremba, M. Cwiok, R. Wawrzaszek, Lech Mankiewicz, T. Batsch, Martin Jelínek, Łukasz Obara, A. Cwiek, Ariel Majcher, Grzegorz Wrochna, R. Dąbrowski, and Małgorzata Siudek

Subjects
Physics, Sky, Asteroid, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Time resolution, Astrophysics, Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, Wide field, media_common
Abstract

"Pi of the Sky" is a system of wide field of view robotic telescopes, which search for short timescale astrophysical phenomena, especially for prompt optical GRB emission. The system was designed for autonomous operation, monitoring a large fraction of the sky with 12m-13m range and time resolution of the order of 1 - 10 seconds. For now there are two working "Pi of the Sky" observatories: in San Pedro de Atacama (Chile) and near Mazagon in Southern Spain. In this paper we report on the status of the project, as well as recent observation of asteroid 2004BL86, which passed the Earth in late January 2015, DG CVn outburst in 2014, satellites observations and our future plans.

Published
2015

8. Status of Pi of the Sky Telescopes in Spain and Chile

Author

R. Wawrzaszek, R. Dabrowski, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Lech Mankiewicz, R. Opiela, Małgorzata Siudek, Marcin Sokolowski, M. Cwiok, Katarzyna Małek, Ariel Majcher, M. Zaremba, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, A. Majczyna, Henryk Czyrkowski, Grzegorz Wrochna, T. Batsch, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, and Aleksander Filip Żarnecki

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

Pi of the Sky is a system of wide field-of-view robotic telescopes which search for short timescale astrophysical phenomena, especially for prompt optical GRB emission. The system is designed for autonomous operation, follows the predefined observing strategy and adopts it to the actual conditions. We describe the current status of telescopes located in Chile and Spain and prospects for future development.

Published
2013

9. Proton spectroscopy ofNi48,Fe46, andCr44

Author

K. Miernik, R. Dąbrowski, G. Kamiński, K. P. Rykaczewski, Sean Liddick, T. N. Ginter, J.W. Johnson, M. Pfützner, Henryk Czyrkowski, M. Pomorski, S. Mianowski, C. Mazzocchi, J. S. Berryman, S. Suchyta, David Miller, Andreas Stolz, Robert Grzywacz, S. V. Paulauskas, M. Madurga, N. Larson, Thomas Baumann, A. Fijałkowska, W. Dominik, and J. Pereira

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, Decay scheme, Proton, Decay energy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Spectral line, Ion
Abstract

Results of decay spectroscopy on nuclei in the vicinity of the doubly magic $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$ are presented. The measurements were performed with a time projection chamber with optical readout which records tracks of ions and protons in the gaseous volume. Six decays of $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$, including four events of two-proton ground-state radioactivity, were recorded. An advanced reconstruction procedure yielded the $2p$ decay energy for $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$ of ${Q}_{2p}=1.29(4)$ MeV. In addition, the energy spectra of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed protons emitted in the decays of $^{44}\mathrm{Cr}$ and $^{46}\mathrm{Fe}$, as well as half-lives and branching ratios, were determined. The results were found to be consistent with the previous measurements made with Si detectors. A new proton line in the decay of $^{44}\mathrm{Cr}$ corresponding to the decay energy of 760 keV is reported. The first evidence for the $\ensuremath{\beta}2p$ decay of $^{46}\mathrm{Fe}$, based on one clear event, is shown.

Published
2014

10. New developments on resistive plate chambers for high rate operation

Author

Henryk Czyrkowski, M. Cwiok, Maciej Górski, W. Dominik, P. Majewski, Jan Krolikowski, and R. Dabrowski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Freon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Radiation, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Radiation flux, Optics, chemistry, Bakelite, Gas detector, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A gas detector with parallel resistive electrodes has intrinsic capability of efficient detection at high particle fluxes. An inverted Double Gap Resistive Plate Chamber made of special bakelite of low resistivity −ρ=5·10 8 Ω cm, reaches full efficiency with a plateau exceeding 500 V for radiation rates as high as 7 kHz/cm2 measured with a periodic beam. A gas mixture containing a majority of so called “green freon” – C2H2F4 assures stable avalanche amplification with a time resolution of about 2 ns, only slightly dependent on the particle flux. Measurements with a strong 137Cs source confirm stability of parameters in continuous radiation flux up to 5 kHz/cm2/gap. The results demonstrate the usefulness of an RPC as a muon trigger detector in a high radiation background environment, expected in the CMS experiment in the highest rapidity region.

Published
1998

11. Pi of the Sky—robotic telescope

Author

Lech Mankiewicz, Łukasz Obara, R. Opiela, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Katarzyna Małek, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Małgorzata Siudek, Marcin Sokolowski, M. Cwiok, Arek Ćwiek, T. Batsch, R. Dąbrowski, R. Wawrzaszek, Ariel Majcher, and Henryk Czyrkowski

Subjects
Physics, Robotic telescope, Observatory, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Data analysis, Calibration, Systems design, Astronomy, Gamma-ray burst, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract

Pi of the Sky is a system of wide field-of-view robotic telescopes designed for observations of short timescale astrophysical phenomena, especially for prompt optical GRB emission. The apparatus was designed for autonomous operation, follows the predefined observing strategy and adopts it to the actual conditions, monitoring a large part of the sky with time resolution of the order of 1 - 10 seconds and range 12m-13m. Observation strategy and system design was successfully tested with a prototype detector working in 2004-2009 at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, and moved to San Pedro de Atacama Observatory in March 2011. In October 2010 the first unit of the final Pi of the Sky detector system, with 4 CCD cameras, was successfully installed in the INTA El Arenosillo Test Centre in Spain. Simultaneous observations from locations in Chile and Spain allow a systematic search for optical transients of cosmological origin. Accurate analysis of data arising from a wide-field system like Pi of the Sky is a real challenge because of a number of factors that can influence the measurements. We have developed a set of dedicated algorithms which remove poor quality measurements, improve photometric accuracy and allow us to reach uncertainties as low as 0.015– 0.02 mag. Three more units (12 CCD cameras) are being prepared for installation on a new platform in INTA, aiming at a total coverage of about 6400 square degrees. Status and performance of the detectors is presented.

Published
2013

12. PSF modelling for very wide-field CCD astronomy

Author

Małgorzata Siudek, A. Majczyna, M. Zaremba, Ariel Majcher, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, R. Dabrowski, T. Batsch, Marcin Sokolowski, Lech Mankiewicz, R. Opiela, Katarzyna Małek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, R. Wawrzaszek, M. Cwiok, Henryk Czyrkowski, Grzegorz Wrochna, and Aleksander Filip Zarnecki

Subjects
Point spread function, J.2, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, Aperture, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Field of view, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Lens (optics), Photometry (optics), Stars, Space and Planetary Science, law, Sky, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common
Abstract

One of the possible approaches to detecting optical counterparts of GRBs requires monitoring large parts of the sky. This idea has gained some instrumental support in recent years, such as with the "Pi of the Sky" project. The broad sky coverage of the "Pi of the Sky" apparatus results from using cameras with wide-angle lenses (20x20 deg field of view). Optics of this kind introduce significant deformations of the point spread function (PSF), increasing with the distance from the frame centre. A deformed PSF results in additional uncertainties in data analysis. Our aim was to create a model describing highly deformed PSF in optical astronomy, allowing uncertainties caused by image deformations to be reduced. Detailed laboratory measurements of PSF, pixel sensitivity, and pixel response functions were performed. These data were used to create an effective high quality polynomial model of the PSF. Finally, tuning the model and tests in applications to the real sky data were performed. We have developed a PSF model that accurately describes even very deformed stars in our wide-field experiment. The model is suitable for use in any other experiment with similar image deformation, with a simple tuning of its parameters. Applying this model to astrometric procedures results in a significant improvement over standard methods, while basic photometry precision performed with the model is comparable to the results of an optimised aperture algorithm. Additionally, the model was used to search for a weak signal -- namely a possible gamma ray burst optical precursor -- showing very promising results. Precise modelling of the PSF function significantly improves the astrometric precision and enhances the discovery potential of a wide-field system with lens optics., Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics on 13 December 2012

Published
2013

13. Parallax in Pi of the Sky project

Author

M. Zaremba, Ariel Majcher, A. J. Castro-Tirado, R. Wawrzaszek, Martin Jelínek, R. Opiela, Marcin Sokolowski, Henryk Czyrkowski, Katarzyna Małek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Lech Mankiewicz, A. Cwiek, Grzegorz Wrochna, M. Cwiok, A. Majczyna, T. Batsch, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Małgorzata Siudek, and R. Dąbrowski

Subjects
Physics, Meteoroid, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, Parallax, media_common
Abstract

Starting March 2011 the “Pi of the Sky” project has two observatories in use: in northern Chile and in southern Spain. Since then we are able to observe a parallax of objects, which pass close to the Earth. Simultaneous observations from two sites are very important to us, because this allows us to reject false flash observations, due to cosmic radiation, meteors, planes, etc. In this paper we present theoretical limitations of our parallax observations. Moreover, first results are shown.

Published
2012

14. Hunting for Gamma Ray Bursts with Pi of the Sky telescopes in Chile and Spain

Author

Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Grzegorz Wrochna, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Małgorzata Siudek, M. Cwiok, A. Majczyna, R. Opiela, T. Batsch, Marcin Sokolowski, R. Wawrzaszek, M. Zaremba, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, K. Malek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Henryk Czyrkowski, Lech Mankiewicz, Ariel Majcher, and R. Dabrowski

Subjects
Physics, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Data analysis, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, Poor quality, Systematic search, media_common
Abstract

Pi of the Sky is a system of wide field-of-view robotic telescopes which search for short timescale astrophysical phenomena, especially for prompt optical GRB emission. The system is designed for autonomous operation, follows the predefined observing strategy and adopts it to the actual conditions. Simultaneous observations from locations in Chile and Spain allow a systematic search for optical transients of cosmological origin. Accurate analysis of data arising from a wide-field system like Pi of the Sky is a real challenge because of a number of factors that can influence the measurements. We have developed a set of dedicated algorithms which remove poor quality measurements, improve photometric accuracy and allow us to reach uncertainties as low as 0.015‐ 0.02 mag.

Published
2012

15. First observation of two-proton radioactivity inNi48

Author

S. Suchyta, Thomas Baumann, A. Kuźniak, K. P. Rykaczewski, S. Mianowski, Robert Grzywacz, G. Kamiński, W. Dominik, Andreas Stolz, J. S. Berryman, T. N. Ginter, Sean Liddick, J. Pereira, M. Pomorski, Henryk Czyrkowski, K. Miernik, R. Dąbrowski, N. Larson, M. Pfützner, Stanley Paulauskas, C. Mazzocchi, J.W. Johnson, M. Madurga, and David Miller

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Hadron, Neutron, Elementary particle, Atomic physics, Proton emission, Nucleon, Charged particle, Radioactive decay
Abstract

The decay of the extremely neutron-deficient $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$ was studied by means of an imaging time-projection chamber, which allowed the recording of tracks of charged particles. The decays of six atoms were observed. Four of them clearly correspond to two-proton radioactivity, providing the first direct evidence for this decay mode in $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$. Two decays represent $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed proton emission. The half-life of $^{48}\mathrm{Ni}$ is determined to be ${T}_{1/2}=2.{1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.4}^{+1.4}$ ms.

Published
2011

16. Present status of Pi of the Sky telescopes

Author

Ariel Majcher, T. Batsch, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, A. J. Castro-Tirado, R. Opiela, Małgorzata Siudek, Marcin Sokolowski, K. Malek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Aleksander Filip Zarnecki, Martin Jelínek, Henryk Czyrkowski, M. Cwiok, R. Wawrzaszek, M. Zaremba, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Grzegorz Wrochna, R. Dabrowski, Lech Mankiewicz, and A. Majczyna

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, media_common
Abstract

In October 2010 Pi of the Sky set up a new system, consisting of 4 cameras installed on a new mount, in El Arenosillo, in southern Spain. It was followed by moving the prototype system from Las Campanas Observatory (central Chile) to San Pedro de Atacama (northern Chile) in March 2011. In this paper our new sites, some details about observational conditions and first results in both observatories are described.

Published
2011

17. Optimization of FPGA processing of GEM detector signal

Author

Jacek Rzadkiewicz, Krzysztof Poźniak, Henryk Czyrkowski, Katarzyna Jakubowska, Marek Scholz, R. Dąbrowski, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, Zbigniew Sałapa, Leslaw Karpinski, Maryna Chernyshova, Krzysztof Kierzkowski, W. Dominik, Tomasz Czarski, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, and Ignacy M. Kudla

Subjects
Engineering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Amplifier, Detector, Signal, Gate array, Electronic engineering, Gas electron multiplier, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Field-programmable gate array, business, Digital signal processing, Charge amplifier, Computer hardware
Abstract

This paper presents analysis of processing method of the signal from Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector acquired in our Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based readout system. We have found that simple processing of GEM signal received from the charge amplifier, sampled at 100MHz with 10-bit resolution, after low-pass filtering with 15 MHz cut-off frequency, provides accuracy similar to obtained by processing of the raw GEM signal sampled at 2.5 GHz frequency with 8-bit resolution. Even when 3 bits are lost due to long term instability of the detector and analog part of the system - resulting in 7-bit effective resolution, the reasonable accuracy is still preserved. Additionally we have analyzed computational power required to perform the real-time analysis of the GEM signal, taking into consideration resources offered by the FPGA chip used in the prototype platform.

Published
2011

18. Readout electronics for the GEM detector

Author

Krzysztof Kierzkowski, Katarzyna Jakubowska, Tomasz Czarski, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Leslaw Karpinski, Henryk Czyrkowski, R. Dabrowski, Ignacy M. Kudla, Maryna Chernyshova, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, W. Dominik, J. Rzadkiewicz, Z. Salapa, and Marek Scholz

Subjects
Physics, Sampling (signal processing), Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electronic engineering, Gas electron multiplier, business, Field-programmable gate array, Signal, Digital signal processing, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A novel approach to the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector readout is presented. Unlike commonly used methods, based on discriminators[2],[3] and analogue FIFOs[1], the method developed uses simultaneously sampling high speed ADCs and advanced FPGA-based processing logic to estimate the energy of every single photon. Such method is applied to every GEM strip signal. It is especially useful in case of crystal-based spectrometers for soft X-rays, where higher order reflections need to be identified and rejected[5].

Published
2011

19. β-delayed proton emission branches inCr43

Author

K. P. Rykaczewski, M. Cwiok, T. N. Ginter, Henryk Czyrkowski, K. Miernik, Robert Grzywacz, R. Dąbrowski, Iain Darby, M. Pomorski, Andreas Stolz, M. Pfützner, W. Kuśmierz, C. R. Bingham, Sean Liddick, Mustafa Rajabali, M. Karny, W. Dominik, A. Korgul, and Z. Janas

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Branching fraction, Isotopes of vanadium, Double beta decay, Hadron, Proton emission, Atomic physics, Nucleon, Radioactive decay, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay of very neutron-deficient $^{43}\mathrm{Cr}$ was studied by means of an imaging time projection chamber that allowed recording tracks of charged particles. Events of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed emission of one, two, and three protons were clearly identified. The absolute branching ratios for these channels were determined to be ($81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$)%, ($7.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$)%, and ($0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$)%, respectively. $^{43}\mathrm{Cr}$ is thus established as the second case in which the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-3$p$ decay occurs. Although the feeding to the proton-bound states in $^{43}\mathrm{V}$ is expected to be negligible, the large branching ratio of ($12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$)% for decays without proton emission is found.

Published
2011

20. Pi of the Sky Telescopes in Spain and Chile

Author

Małgorzata Siudek, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, R. Wawrzaszek, R. Opiela, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, A. Majczyna, M. Zaremba, M. Cwiok, M. Jelínek, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Ariel Majcher, Grzegorz Wrochna, Henryk Czyrkowski, Lech Mankiewicz, K. Malek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, T. Batsch, R. Dabrowski, and Marcin Sokolowski

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), Detector, prompt optical emissions, robotic telescopes, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Engineering, Astronomy, Time resolution, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, lcsh:TA1-2040, Sky, Observatory, nova stars, optical flashes, Astrophysical Phenomena, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Gamma-ray burst, variable stars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

Pi of the Sky is a system of robotic telescopes designed for observations of short timescale astrophysical phenomena, e.g. prompt optical GRB emissions. The apparatus is designed to monitor a large fraction of the sky with 12–13 m range and time resolution of the order of 1–10 seconds. In October 2010 the first unit of the new Pi of the Sky detector system was successfully installed in the INTA El Arenosillo Test Centre in Spain. We also moved our prototype detector from Las Campanas Observatory to San Pedro de Atacama Observatory in March 2011. The status and performance of both detectors is presented.

Published
2011

21. Intercalibration of the ZEUS high resolution and backing calorimeters

Author

A. Derlicki, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, A. Stopczyński, J. M. Pawlak, W. Kuśmierz, Tadeusz Kowalski, I. Kudła, Henryk Czyrkowski, A. Rajca, H. Abramowicz, R. J. Nowak, M. Krzyżanowski, and R. Walczak

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Large Hadron Collider, ZEUS (particle detector), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Particle detector, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Optics, Scintillation counter, Measuring instrument, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

We have studied the combined performance of two calorimeters, the high resolution uranium-scintillator prototype of the ZEUS forward calorimeter (FCAL), followed by a prototype of the coarser ZEUS backing calorimeter (BAC), made out of thick iron plates interleaved with planes of aluminium proportional chambers. The test results, obtained in an exposure of the calorimeter system to a hadron test beam at the CERN SPS, show that the backing calorimeter does fulfill its role of recognizing the energy leaking out of the FCAL calorimeter. The measurement of this energy is feasible, if an appropriate calibration of the BAC calorimeter is performed.

Published
1992

22. Two-proton radioactivity of 45Fe

Author

Z. Janas, Robert Grzywacz, K. P. Rykaczewski, Andreas Stolz, L. V. Grigorenko, Henryk Czyrkowski, A. Korgul, T. N. Ginter, Iain Darby, Mustafa Rajabali, M. Cwiok, W. Kuśmierz, W. Dominik, M. Pfützner, C. R. Bingham, R. Dabrowski, Sean Liddick, K. Miernik, and M. Karny

Subjects
Baryon, Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Proton, Beta particle, Hadron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Ground state, Charged particle
Abstract

The decay of the extremely neutron-deficient isotope 45Fe has been studied by using a new type of gaseous detector in which a technique of optical imaging is used to record tracks of charged particles. The two-proton radioactivity and the $ \beta$ -decay channels were clearly identified. For the first time, the angular and energy correlations between two protons emitted from the 45Fe ground state were measured. The obtained results were confronted with predictions of a three-body model.

Published
2009

23. Two-Proton Correlations in the Decay ofFe45

Author

Robert Grzywacz, Henryk Czyrkowski, L. V. Grigorenko, M. Karny, Mustafa Rajabali, Iain Darby, A. Korgul, M. Pfützner, K. P. Rykaczewski, Andreas Stolz, T. N. Ginter, M. Cwiok, W. Dominik, K. Miernik, Z. Janas, Kuśmierz W, Sean Liddick, R. Dabrowski, and C. R. Bingham

Subjects
Physics, Decay scheme, Proton, Branching fraction, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Type (model theory), Radioactive decay, Charged particle, Energy (signal processing), Decay correct
Abstract

The decay of extremely neutron-deficient $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ has been studied in detail by means of a novel type of a gaseous detector employing digital imaging to record tracks of charged particles. The two-proton radioactivity channel was clearly identified. For the first time, the angular and energy correlations between two protons emitted from the nuclear ground state were determined, indicating the genuine three-body character of this decay. The half-life of $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ was found to be $2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ and the observed $2p$ decay branching ratio is $70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4%$.

Published
2007

24. First observation of β-delayed three-proton emission inFe45

Author

Iain Darby, Z. Janas, M. Cwiok, K. Miernik, T. N. Ginter, R. Dąbrowski, Henryk Czyrkowski, Andreas Stolz, Sean Liddick, W. Dominik, A. Korgul, M. Pfützner, W. Kuśmierz, C. R. Bingham, K. P. Rykaczewski, M. Karny, Robert Grzywacz, and Mustafa Rajabali

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Branching fraction, Half-life, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Beta (velocity), Proton emission, Atomic physics, Type (model theory), Beta decay, Charged particle
Abstract

The decay of extremely neutron deficient $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ has been studied by means of a new type of a gaseous detector in which a technique of digital imaging was used to record tracks of charged particles. The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay channels accompanied by proton emission were clearly identified. In addition to \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed one-proton and \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed two-proton decays, \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed three-proton emission was recorded which represents the first direct and unambiguous observation of this decay channel. The branching ratio for the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ and the corresponding partial half-life are found to be $0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ and ${T}_{1/2}(\ensuremath{\beta})=8.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3$ ms, respectively.

Published
2007

25. CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

Author

G. Russo, R. Halsall, H. L. Zhuang, Stephan Linn, Stefanos Dris, J.F. Gunion, D. Delikaris, David Mark Raymond, Christophe Delaere, J. Caballero Bejar, Alex Kamenev, Victor Kim, Armando Lanaro, Sajjad Asghar, Vivek Sharma, P. Mereu, S. B. Kim, M. G. Albrow, Kostas Kloukinas, R. A. Kvatadze, Y. Velikzhanin, C. Mavrommatis, J. T. Rhee, M. Guerzoni, Robert M Harris, F. Romano, Daniele Spiga, Flera Rizatdinova, Dmitry Gorbunov, Giacomo Bruno, Laszlo Boldizsar, W. E. Johns, B. De Callatay, Pushpalatha C Bhat, M. Pioppi, Lawrence Sulak, L. J. Gutay, M. Hashemi, W. Badgett, A. Bartoloni, C. Y. Chien, E. Marinova, Daniel Robert Marlow, J. M. Barcala, C. Sabev, Roberto Sacchi, P. Bartalini, B. Panev, J. Reinhold, Yves Sirois, J. Ying, M. Demarteau, Alicia Calderon, Arno Heister, Lothar At Bauerdick, Marco Meschini, R. Wilkinson, Tejinder Virdee, Mirko Planinic, G. Martinelli, Y. Ershov, Piotr Traczyk, M. Ageron, Kirill Prokofiev, S. De Visscher, W. Bertl, Julia Thom, D. S. Bailey, N. Manna, Francesco Navarria, A. Karar, Pierre Ramond, Lucia Silvestris, R. Eichler, Neeti Parashar, S. Cucciarelli, R. Gokieli, Christopher George Tully, L. Masetti, I. Gonzalez Cabellero, Klaus Rabbertz, S. Zelepoukine, Sebastiano Albergo, A. Bonnevaux, P. Fabbricatore, Claudio Campagnari, V. Timciuc, O. Zorba, Igor Lokhtin, Ezio Maina, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, M. Galanti, K. Marasovic, Jim Kowalkowski, M. Zielinski, P. Aspell, Teppo Mäenpää, Pamela Klabbers, V. B. Francis, I. Diaz Merino, H. A. Sanchez Hernandez, Valery Zhukov, Christos Leonidopoulos, Gyorgy Bencze, Dimitri Bourilkov, Vassili Kachanov, Marina Passaseo, Patrick Slattery, J. Schümann, K. Cho, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Filip Moortgat, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, S. K. Lalwani, P. Trüb, D. Wenman, Aliaksandr Litomin, P. Siegrist, S. K. Oh, M. Kossov, A. Slav, Nicanor Colino, Z. Wlodarczyk, J. Amundson, H. Mathez, A. Papageorgiou, Pete Markowitz, J. Blocki, I. Soric, L. Stepanova, Pierluigi Paolucci, Amitabh Lath, Jianhong Wu, N. Sinanis, R. Imlay, Dario Menasce, T. Grassi, S. Lusin, H. von Gunten, T. Weiler, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, J. P. Dewulf, G. Marian, B. A. Barnett, N. Iyurin, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Hesselroth, Nikolaos Manthos, Martin Grunewald, Oleg Prokofyev, Wolfram Erdmann, V. Elsha, A. Krokhotin, Livio Fanò, David Barney, Stephanie Beauceron, Mark Raymond Adams, Nicolo Cartiglia, Alexander Oh, Safdar Abbas, Giorgio Apollinari, M. Jenkins, G. Belli, E. E. Boos, Elena Accomando, M. Afaq, Yan-Lin Ye, M. Serin-Zeyrek, Karl Gill, H. S. Chen, Roland Horisberger, S. Mersi, Serguei Ganjour, P. Tempesta, Sergio Cittolin, Julien Caudron, I. Schmidt, Stefan Schael, R. Dabrowski, Sudhir Malik, M. Cardenas Montes, P. S. Flower, K. Gabathuler, T. L. Watts, D. A. Sanders, V. Bhandari, G. Lukhanin, Y. Fu, S. Vassiliev, I. Legrand, Srecko Morovic, Francois Vasey, Yuan Chao, Y. Geerebaert, Michele Arneodo, Steve Reucroft, Boaz Klima, Richard G Kellogg, Pavel Demin, G. Schwering, V. Papadimitriou, Daijin Kim, Paolo Vitulo, William J Spalding, Jay Roberts, I. Pal, N. Estre, L. Tauscher, Andras Laszlo, S. Spangler, Darien Wood, H. Suter, Ia Iashvili, W. Tanenbaum, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, F. Rondeaux, S. Y. Jung, Yuri Gershtein, Monoranjan Guchait, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, M. Sani, D. Lanske, N. Ilina, Ian Shipsey, J. G. Shiu, Artur Kalinowski, Igor Emeliantchik, B. Heltsley, Robin Erbacher, Henryk Czyrkowski, L. Rurua, R. Beuselinck, Umesh Joshi, Irina Vardanyan, David B. Cline, M. Hansen, P. Bordalo, Ariella Cattai, G. Gomezo, J. A. Bakken, Jordan Nash, Sung Keun Park, E. Luiggi Lopez, M. Wensveen, R. Folch, E. Carrone, Cristina Riccardi, D. Krpic, S. Magni, Nicholas John Hadley, Karl Matthew Ecklund, M. Stettler, S. Vanini, Andrey Vorobyev, Matteo Risoldi, J. Bourotte, Kati Lassila-Perini, A. De Benedetti, M. Aldaya Martin, M. Duda, A. Sadovski, K. Freudenreich, Javier Cuevas, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, N. M. Cason, Carmen Albajar, Erhan Gülmez, S. C. Tonwar, Kaori Maeshima, Martin Erdmann, A. Oehler, G. Eulisse, V. Kozlov, Frank Hartmann, Luciano Orsini, Vasile Mihai Ghete, Giuseppe Bagliesi, A. Cyz, Harvey B Newman, Christof Roland, Y. S. Chung, V. V. Mitsyn, Roman Ryutin, E. Isiksal, L. Lueking, Petra Merkel, Pelin Kurt, S. Erhan, F. M. Farina, M. Cerutti, O.V. Dvornikov, V. Lysiakov, L. Barbone, V. Drollinger, Robert Stone, J. N. Butler, A. Kayis Topaksu, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen, Marcello Abbrescia, K. Datsko, J. Grahl, David Colling, M. Michelotto, Sergey Petrushanko, Patricia McBride, Krzysztof Doroba, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Alan Sill, Z. Gao, Mikhail Korzhik, Paolo Lariccia, M. Letheren, Daniel Denegri, M. H.G. Souza, Vyacheslav Valuev, Thomas Ferguson, Alain Ninane, D. Phillips, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Pascal Vanlaer, Luciano Barone, C. Villanueva Munoz, P. Barrillon, M. S. Khan, O. Ravat, I. Lobov, H. Wenzel, Stefan Piperov, Richard J. K. Taylor, K. L. He, R. Stephenson, Otilia Militaru, Richard Breedon, Ihtesham Ur Rehman, Vladimir Petrov, Y. Musienko, V. Senchyshyn, L. S. Durkin, C. C. Hung, Yang Yang, Jacopo Bernardini, Jay Hauser, J. J. Nebrensky, Andrei Starodumov, Y. W. Baek, J. Whitmore, T. Todorov, M. H. Schmitt, A. Wijnant, U. Berthon, A. M. Rossi, Federica Fanzago, Vladimir Karjavin, E. Spencer, N. Redaelli, Tim Martin, M. Case, G. Eppley, D. Smith, S. Mikocki, Vijaya Sundararajan, F. Gasparini, N. Ippolito, P. Bloch, C. Ljuslin, D. J.J. Mangeol, Virgil E Barnes, Y. Kiryushin, G. Milleret, D. Nae, Didier Contardo, Q. Morrissey, Simone Paoletti, A. Gurtu, Carlo Rovelli, J. C. Marin, I. Azhguirei, Ezio Torassa, Salvatore Nuzzo, Victor Golovtsov, R. Pintus, Viktor Konoplyanikov, Th. Müller, M. Mateev, Paul Sheldon, Yuichi Kubota, L. Benucci, S. Klimenko, C. Jung, G. Grégoire, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Vuko Brigljevic, Bruno Wittmer, Guido Tonelli, Zeljko Antunovic, M. Corvo, Alessio Ghezzi, Giuseppe Codispoti, Pavel Sorokin, H. S. Budd, Natale Demaria, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, J. Conway, M. Husejko, Sandeep Pathak, M. Bedjidian, Mc Lemaire, S. Tkaczyk, D. Tsirigkas, Vincent Lemaitre, David Stuart, R. Semenov, Herbert Rohringer, Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz, Christoph Paus, Wolfgang Waltenberger, S. Markov, O. Gonzalez Lopez, K. Dindar, M. Wingham, G.J. Barber, Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy, A. Marinov, Suchandra Dutta, Franco Ligabue, M. Müntel, G. Dewhirst, R. Arcidiacono, W. Boeglin, S. Afanasiev, P. Rosinsky, A. Sourkov, Ricky Egeland, M. Vander Donckt, M. Gataullin, F. Manolescu, Dong-Chul Son, V. Sekhri, J. Rasteiro Da Silva, S. Fratianni, S. C. Kao, Liliana Teodorescu, B. Gobbi, D. Michotte, V. Genchev, Greg Landsberg, L. A. Garcia Moral, Richard Wigmans, P. Busson, Adolf Bornheim, Oliver Pooth, S. Kalinin, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, A. Rana, D. Engh, Sergey Rusakov, David Futyan, Malgorzata Kazana, J.D. Berst, V. Zaytsev, Federico Ferri, I. Park, P. Torre, J. S. Suh, M. Ghodgaonkar, G. S. Atoyan, Robert Hirosky, Salvatore My, E. De Langhe, L. Van Lancker, Mehmet Vergili, Daniel Johnson, S. Steiner, W. Braunschweig, Suvadeep Bose, T. Anguelov, Ignacy M. Kudla, B. Caponeri, Jordan Tucker, Andris Skuja, Georgy Antchev, X. Rouby, R. Wilken, Jeremy Mans, Séverine Ovyn, Gaelle Boudoul, Paolo Ronchese, E. Babucci, Pertti Aarnio, Marc M Baarmand, Demetra Tsiakkouri, R. Brauer, E. Hazen, Gian Mario Bilei, Manjit Kaur, S. Muzaffar, E. Daubie, Ph. Herquet, A. M. Gaillac, Freya Blekman, Giuseppe Zito, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Kai-Feng Chen, Frank-Peter Schilling, A. Kovzelev, Teimuraz Lomtadze, S. Bimbot, F. Feyzi, J. C. Ianigro, M. Eppard, Ettore Focardi, A. Dolgopolov, J. G. Branson, E. Zubarev, Georg Steinbrück, J. C. Williams, M. Zupan, C. Burgos Lazaro, W. Zabolotny, Pasquale Musella, A. Shevel, Hans Reithler, Ben Bylsma, Roberto Tenchini, M. Gastal, Oana Elena Vickey Boeriu, D. E. Pellett, Konstantinos Theofilatos, Jacobo Konigsberg, Sandor Czellar, Manuel Giffels, S. R. Ro, Sandro Ventura, Daniele Pedrini, Konrad Deiters, R. K. Shivpuri, Kwang Souk Sim, Gianni Zumerle, J. Puzović, S. Blyth, John Rander, A. Drozdetskiy, Vincenzo Chiochia, U. Pein, A. Flossdorf, M. Dixit, Josef Strauss, A. Ballestrero, C. Foudas, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, Marco Bellato, V. R. Lakkireddi, Zhenyu Zhang, J. D. Swain, Nikola Godinovic, D. Benedetti, P. Ingenito, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Pedro Silva, E. Lippmaa, Altan Cakir, W. Y. Kim, C. Piasecki, B. Perea Solano, B. Baldin, Ping Tan, Guo-Ming Chen, Muhammad Ahmad, Hamit Mermerkaya, Charalambos Nicolaou, M. Kirsch, J. L. Agram, Barbara Clerbaux, E. Washington, P. Levchenko, L. M. Cremaldi, A. Macpherson, Nikolai Golubev, Marcello Maggi, O. Tsigenov, Jose M Hernandez, L. Djambazov, Stephen Watts, E. Machado, G. Merino, M. Fountain, Suman Bala Beri, Teresa Rodrigo, S. Heising, Vivian O'Dell, Sandeep Neema, J. Yelton, Silvia Maselli, Denis Favart, H. Ozkurt, A. Mathieu, J. Yarba, Anders Ryd, Alexander Nikitenko, A. Ronzhin, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jozsef Molnar, J. Hartert, C. D. Jones, B. Holbrook, S. Somalwar, C. Olivetto, H. D. Wahl, G. Faber, Regina Demina, J. P. Lottin I Mandjavidze, D. W. Kim, D. P. Stickland, Paolo Meridiani, M. Benettoni, A. Korablev, V. Kolosov, Burt Holzman, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Ramazan Sever, X. Su, S. Vigano, S. Bonacini, A. Tikhonov, I. Puljak, G. Sidiropoulos, J. Heyninck, B. Araujo Meleiro, Oleg V. Missevitch, U. Holm, Jean-Charles Fontaine, M. Massa, Cristina Tuve, Tuure Tuuva, Christoph Grab, Vijay Mishra, K. W. Carrell, J. Salicio, L. Jones, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, A. Kaminskiy, Ivan Reid, Piotr Zalewski, S. J. Lee, B. Curé, B. Baumbaugh, R. J. Tapper, Donato Creanza, P. Yepes, Yuan-Hann Chang, Z. Toteva, D. Onoprienko, S. Taghavirad, Borislav Pavlov, D. Bisello, K. Sudhakar, Csaba Hajdu, Alessandro Giassi, Julian Bunn, H. Naves Sordo, Alan Garfinkel, Ulf Roser, Elizaveta Shabalina, C. Hoermann, C. Steenberg, T. Mahmoud, Alexander Lanev, B. Huckvale, Vitaly Smirnov, Gregory Rakness, O. Sharif, G. Daskalakis, H. G. Wang, C. Markou, Alin Titus Serban, W. Hogg, A. Fedorov, Alexander Dierlamm, V. Lebedev, O. Lytovchenko, S. Linari, H. El Mamouni, S. Kappler, T. Solaija, L. Romero, André Rosowsky, Mikhail Kirsanov, R. Cousins, B. Fabbro, I. Semeniouk, J. Turnau, Jennifer A. Smith, Mario Greco, V. Gaultney, L. I. Sarycheva, U. Husemann, P. de Barbaro, Kirti Ranjan, Stephane Perries, Philippe Gras, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, D. Bailleux, Lubomir Dimitrov, C. Girerd, P. V. Deshpande, Jorma Tuominiemi, Maria Cruz Fouz, G. Zilizi, Anton Dimitrov, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, M. Chamizo Llatas, Hans J. Vogel, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, W. T. Lin, S. Baccaro, F. X. Gentit, K. Moisenz, David Cussans, T. Kress, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, Alessandra Romero, Sergei Gninenko, Sau Lan Wu, Eric Chabanat, L. Gross, Winston Ko, Stefano Marelli, S. Corum, G. Dellacasa, Shuichi Kunori, S. Erturk, Paolo Azzurri, Stefano Marcellini, F. Odorici, Josef Hrubec, E. A. De Wolf, T. Barrass, Ted Bapty, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, Janos Erö, Panagiotis Katsas, D. Maletic, Th. Keutgen, J. M. Reymond, Johannes Gutleber, M. Deliomeroglu, H. Powell, R. Zuyeuski, V. Grishin, S. Heier, Ian Fisk, Maiko Takahashi, Gino Bolla, T. Gorski, James Letts, E. Bougamont, J. Gu, Sara Bolognesi, Alberto Santoro, Alain Givernaud, Dennis Schieferdecker, P. Sphicas, Daniela Bortoletto, J. Gilly, J.-M. Brom, Monika Grothe, Grigory Safronov, D. Samyn, Predrag Milenovic, F. Palmonari, R. Fruehwirth, I. Segoni, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Alexander Sherstnev, Peter R Hobson, Michael Wayne Arenton, Lucas Taylor, G. De Lentdecker, L. Perera, N. Cheere, Emanuela Barberis, S. Costantini, F. Beissel, Rupinder Kaur, Bradley Cox, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Waclaw Karpinski, S. Kasselmann, T. Romanteau, Salim Cerci, F. Calzolari, Günther Dissertori, J. Lamb, D. Rodriguez Gonzalez, B. Philipps, M. Anfreville, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Daniel R Claes, I. Kiselevich, P. Lenzi, Matteo Pegoraro, M. Ibrahim, P. A. Piroué, R. Hooper, Nikolai Gorbounov, Pietro Govoni, D. Fortin, Patrick Jarry, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, Demetrios Loukas, James John Brooke, Stefka Stoykova, H. Castilla Valdez, Sergey Kuleshov, Oliver Buchmuller, Gabriella Pasztor, Renato Potenza, D. P. Eartly, Sharon Hagopian, S. Karaevskii, J. D. Maillefaud, J. M. Hauptman, Cecilia Elena Gerber, A. Nardulli, A. Affolder, J. N. Bellinger, Avraham Yagil, B. R. Voicu, A. Linn, M. E. Zeller, Simon Kwan, Michael Dittmar, C. P. Beetz, Marcin Konecki, Ioannis Evangelou, G. Velichko, Frank Raupach, Bernard Ille, Dinko Ferencek, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, A. Payn, M. Davids, Giovanni Franzoni, J. F. Fuchs, Y. Zheng, B. Mangano, A. Furgeri, A. Moshaii, Andi Hektor, E. Von Toerne, S. Kyriazopoulou, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, Nancy Marinelli, Brian Paul Padley, Joachim Mnich, A. Patino Revuelta, Y. Kozhevnikov, J. Gilmore, Peter Elmer, Jy Kim, A. Basti, M. Pietrusinski, Khristian Kotov, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, E. Delmeire, N. Smiljkovic, Oleg Teryaev, A. Ranieri, E. J. Kim, V. Roinishvili, Serdar Aydın, R. Ranieri, Christopher Seez, Victor Daniel Elvira, L. Baksay, M. Ballintijn, Gulsen Onengut, S. Michal, Gui Nyun Kim, U. Akgun, G. Ginther, M. Bontenackels, I. Osborne, Alexander Snigirev, N. Sonmez, J. Chen, S. Esen, R. Loos, I. Goitom, Riccardo Bellan, Ashok Kumar, Y. Shi, A. Kurenkov, R. Frazier, Vincenzo Innocente, S. A. Baird, Gregory Iles, H. Gamsizkan, S. Farinon, M. Makariev, Mithat Kaya, A. Sobol, Georgia Karapostoli, S. Korjenevski, G. Passardi, M. Stavrianakou, T. Rommerskirchen, D. del Re, C. Gargiulo, Manoj Jha, D. Coppage, J. F. de Trocóniz, S. De Weirdt, Peter Raics, Peicho Petkov, M. K. Daniel, Sylvie Braibant-Giacomelli, O. Teller, C. Maazouzi, E. Pasquetto, B. C. MacEvoy, Claudio Grandi, Etiennette Auffray, Mikhail Dubinin, Wei Li, Th. Hermanns, Shuai Liu, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Andrea Gaddi, K. W. Bell, Massimiliano Chiorboli, H. Pi, George Alverson, A. Morelos Pineda, J. Alberdi, Y. J. Lei, J. Ehlers, Pisana Placidi, B. De La Cruz, A. Vishnevskiy, P. Rodrigues Simoes Moreira, Salvatore Costa, I. Churin, Andrea Rizzi, Alexander Malakhov, Efe Yazgan, Günter Flügge, F. Kircher, C. De Vecchi, S. Ashby, D Bradley, J. Puerta Pelayo, M. Mojaver, H. S. Bawa, Yong Ban, E. Corrin, I. Gramenitski, Wolfgang Adam, M. Ronquest, Suat Ozkorucuklu, Rainer Wallny, D. Decotigny, Maciej Górski, V. Oguri, Achille Petrilli, Chun-Hua Jiang, I. Melnitchenko, J. Fernandez Menendez, Claudia Ciocca, Z. Szabó, S. Shmatov, Ijaz Ahmed, M. Matveev, M. Hafeez, G. Maurelli, L. Goscilo, Maurizio Biasini, Vladimir Chekhovsky, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Mayda Velasco, E. Alagoz, E. McCliment, Marta Felcini, G. Hilgers, Ivan Atanasov, Gigi Rolandi, D. Pandoulas, Plamen Iaydjiev, M. Sowa, Durmus A. Demir, D. White, Paolo Petagna, Eric Cano, C. Marchettini, W. H. Park, V. Kozhuharov, G. Stiehr, Ivan Vila, S. Carrillo Moreno, Sushil Chauhan, Dmitri Konstantinov, A. Bocci, G. Pierschel, Kajari Mazumdar, G. Sanguinetti, Ritva Kinnunen, Max Weber, Ahmet S. Ayan, A. S. Cucoanes, S. Wakefield, M. Atac, G. M. Guglielmo, Thomas Bergauer, A. Marchioro, J. Blaha, G. Leshev, M. A. Kubantsev, P.P. Trapani, A. Solin, S. Stoynev, Enrique Calvo, Caleb Smith, M. Paterno, A. Gribushin, Robert Clare, Patrizia Azzi, H. Arfaei, E. Widl, Rino Castaldi, M. De Magrans Abril, N. Giraud, Marcos Cerrada, B. A. Raue, O. J. E. Maroney, R. Principe, H. P. Paar, Giovanni Abbiendi, Leonard Spiegel, David Miller, Robert Klanner, W. Van Doninck, Stefano Argiro, Justin Albert, R. N.C. Gray, C. Loizides, T. Franke, Petar Maksimovic, John Perry Cumalat, Philip H Butler, Patrick Janot, W. J. Gilbert, Tomas Lindén, M. Pimiä, D. Tornier, D. Oleynik, Nikolay Terentyev, Mani Tripathi, Elena Tikhonenko, G. Gatto Rotondo, Sergey Semenov, J. W. Lamsa, P. Verma, Tobias Kramer, B. C. Shen, R. van Staa, C. Timlin, James Alexander, S. Movchan, Daniel Teyssier, Norbert Neumeister, U. Baur, Victor Perelygin, Alessandra Fanfani, Frixos A Triantis, Andrew Askew, R. L. Lander, I. Vodopiyanov, Eunil Won, X. Y. Shen, R. P. Smith, R. Loveless, J. Patrick, Darin Acosta, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, F. van Lingen, F. Duru, D. Chamont, F. Arteche, Carlos Willmott, Daniele Bonacorsi, A. De Roeck, David S. Holmes, Vladimir Mossolov, Carlo Civinini, V. Kalagin, Z. Aftab, Nicola Amapane, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, W. Bialas, C. Munro, Maria Savina, N. George, E. James, A. Tumanov, M. Mazzucato, Albert M. Sirunyan, Catherine Kirsty Mackay, R. Goudard, Weimin Wu, G. P. Siroli, K. Sogut, N. Schirm, T. Geralis, Giacinto Donvito, T. Christiansen, Richard Vidal, P. Gupta, S. Wynhoff, V. Khabarov, Andreas Nowack, F. Ambroglini, Philip Baringer, Geng-Yuan Jeng, G. Cirino, Mandar Patil, M. M. Necchi, Marcus Hohlmann, Fabian Stockli, P. Cushman, S. König, André Holzner, A. B. Lodge, N. Bernardino Rodrigues, Pierre Juillot, Alexander Schmidt, Kevin Burkett, Byung-Sik Hong, G. Vermisoglou, J. P. Guillaud, Michael Hildreth, L. Wendland, Francisco Matorras, S. Banerjee, John A Coughlan, G. Sani, L. Houchu, Christoph Schwick, Jean-Christophe Gayde, M. Aguilar-Benitez, V. Sytnik, J. Descamps, Oliver Gutsche, Horst Breuker, Antonis P. Papadakis, J. Warchol, P.F. Jacques, João Paulo Teixeira, R. Gomez-Reino Garrido, F. Loddo, M. Kalelkar, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, Tommaso Boccali, M. W. Lee, F. Noto, Cristina Biino, Ivan Mikulec, J. Weng, W. A. Mitaroff, P. Bredy, D. Skow, L. Servoli, Frans Meijers, D. Matlock, Carsten Rott, J. M. Vizan Garcia, A. Poblaguev, S. Metson, H. S. Fesefeldt, Adel Terkulov, Matteo Dominoni, P. Wertelaers, K. Arisaka, L. Lintern, Roberto Dell'Orso, J. W. Gary, Sergey Troshin, D. Winn, Alexandre Lebedev, J. Cai, S. Chatterji, Markus Axer, D. Khits, I. Suzuki, D. Zer-Zion, C. S. Hill, P. Olbrechts, V. Tarakanov, M. Nervo, T. Dupasquier, Shahram Rahatlou, C. Saout, Paula M. Murray, Siarhei Shulha, J. M. Lopez, Helen F Heath, M.J. French, F. Borcherding, Y. Wu, Tariq Aziz, Dave M Newbold, J. J. Navarrete, Alberto Benvenuti, A. Cooper, Paul Kyberd, P. Biallass, E. Dusinberre, David D'Enterria, U. Berzano, Kerem Cankocak, V. Rasmislovich, Andreas Pfeiffer, Kreso Kadija, Harrison Prosper, W. Jank, Florian Beaudette, Andrea Candelori, W. H. Smith, N. R. Stanton, Marko Dragicevic, V. Lyubynskiy, J. L. Bonnet, C. Regenfus, Stephen Robert Wagner, X. Aslanoglou, Dan Green, Andrea Venturi, M.R. Pearson, S. Slabospitsky, E. Haeggstroem, Ramona Vogt, Juliet Ritchie Patterson, Marcella Diemoz, A. De Min, H. Liu, Bolek Wyslouch, Joao Varela, Jeffrey Richman, Leander Litov, K. Banicz, Marta Ruspa, E. A. Chen, M. Dzelalija, Jie Liu, Jean-Pierre Merlo, J. Greenhalgh, S. Ramos, C. Combaret, V. Verguilov, Andrea Perrotta, Gabriella Pugliese, Eija Tuominen, John Hill, A. Trindade, Luigi Fiore, D. Ricci, D. Sentenac, R. Stefanovitch, Giovanna Selvaggi, T. Nussbaum, G. Della Ricca, S. Otwinowski, Maria Spiropulu, E. Rogalev, C. Papadimitropoulos, H. Kim, M. J. Miller, Petr Moisenz, David Ja Cockerill, Gianni Masetti, R. Bard, Guenakh Mitselmakher, C. Collard, S. Chatrchyan, X. Yang, Gabor Istvan Veres, Sarah Catherine Eno, G. Bauer, S. Khabarov, F. Raffaelli, A. Madorsky, Y. Q. Ma, Jordan Damgov, Mário Costa, Dezso Horvath, N. Lumb, B. Lisowski, Alessia Tricomi, Igor Smirnov, Salman Toor, Daniele Passeri, S. Nordstrom, Erik Gottschalk, C. Da Via, Yuriy Pakhotin, Urs Langenegger, Crisostomo Sciacca, Z. Xie, G. Leibenguth, A. Sytine, Claude Amsler, A. Macchiolo, Pierre Depasse, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, Radoslaw Adrian Ofierzynski, Z. Szillasi, M. Spezziga, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso, W. K. Sakumoto, Géza Ódor, J. Mumford, C. Kalfas, V. Buege, R. Godang, G. Graham, A. Singovsky, N. Panyam, Nikolai Shumeiko, J. Härkönen, M. Stoye, Marcel Vos, Kerstin Hoepfner, Richard D Field, Marco Pieri, A Brett, Ian R Tomalin, M. Arabgol, K. Babich, Vladimir Palichik, P. Da Silva Rodrigues, Krzysztof Nawrocki, S. Lacaprara, A. Hahn, V. Khomenkov, Mustafa Numan Bakirci, G. Rampazzo, R. Haroutunian, M. Bercher, Viatcheslav Stolin, G. Kozlov, Wolfgang Funk, E. W. Anderson, G. Kaussen, Frank Würthwein, Manas Maity, W. R. Zhao, A. White, Alexi Mestvirishvili, Ulrich Goerlach, Steve Nahn, S. Akhtar, C. Lundstedt, Paolo Capiluppi, Dmitry Soloviev, James Rohlf, Sergei Bitioukov, Jan Veverka, Ricardo Eusebi, G. Segneri, I. Dumanoglu, C. Vander Velde, I. Filozova, A. Hocker, Andrey Uzunian, Fabio Cossutti, H. Topakli, F. Drouhin, Mehmet Zeyrek, Alison Lister, Kristjan Kannike, Luigi Guiducci, Gregory R Snow, Alice Bean, H. A. Neal, Aaron Levine, P. Van Hove, A. Go, Paul Tipton, R. Stringer, M. De Palma, V. Monaco, G. Perinic, S. J. Hong, A. Ruiz Jimeno, Vitaliano Ciulli, Apostolos Panagiotou, L. Wilke, A. Khanov, Gordon Thomson, H. S. Sun, D. Giordano, W. De Boer, Peter Robmann, I. Yaselli, G. Walzel, Tiziano Camporesi, E. Conti, H. Gerwig, Nural Akchurin, G. Dirkes, K. Gumus, M. Frey, O. Atramentov, Sissel Hansen, P.E. Schlein, C.Y. Prescott, Martina Malberti, L. Agostino, P. Miné, Dieter Renker, Petar Adzic, I. M. Willers, Maria Margherita Obertino, S. Shevchenko, A. Molinero, S. Borkar, Alexey Golunov, T. Speer, Peter Wittich, C. Weiser, Valentin Sulimov, Francesco Fabozzi, L. Neukermans, Stefaan Tavernier, C. Cerri, Piero Giubilato, Vipin Bhatnagar, Leonid Tourtchanovitch, Chiara Mariotti, J. E. Elias, Alexey Volkov, P. Q. Ribeiro, P. Debbins, J. H. Williams, M. Niegel, E. Orishchin, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Viktor Savrin, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, H. Schellman, J. M. Kohli, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, C. Fernandez Bedoya, Amedeo Staiano, W. Bacchi, Philip Harris, I. Belotelov, Noemi Beni, D. Han, M. Della Negra, Maria Isabel Josa, A. Tcheremoukhine, Marco Zanetti, M. Thomas, Michael Murray, S.D. Kalmani, Shashikant Dugad, Eva Halkiadakis, D. L. Evans, J.C. Oller, Frank Glege, Anita Topkar, M. Vaz, A. A. Shah, Si-Jin Qian, Giuseppe Iaselli, Barry Blumenfeld, R. Partridge, P. Yeh, L. Malgeri, Paolo Rumerio, William T. Ford, Z. H. Sun, Francesca Cavallari, Stefano Belforte, C. Matthey, V. Postolache, A. Jain, A. Baumbaugh, Marvin Johnson, Georgi Sultanov, F. Didierjean, R. Guida, David Cutts, Kevin Stenson, Achim Stahl, Kenneth Bloom, M. De Mattia, T. Pierzchala, Gordon H. Hanson, Grzegorz Wrochna, N. Almeida, S. Sala, S. J. Murray, Sergio P Ratti, S. Greder, J. Rehn, Tony Wildish, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, A. M. Fomenko, Panja-Riina Luukka, W. J. Womersley, Kirk Arndt, C. Lynch, M. Loreti, Roberto Salerno, B. Kim, Andrey Ostapchuk, C. Lasseur, C. Genta, Alexander Ledovskoy, Vincent J Smith, S. Iqbal, R. Alemany-Fernandez, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, B. Smith, A. J. Weinstein, C. Jeong, C. Hof, B. Mohr, G. Petrillo, E. Nikonov, Olga Kodolova, Riccardo Travaglini, M. Sobron Sanudo, Z. C. Yang, S. Holm, M. Cordero, A. Bujak, W. Dominik, S. Hermann, A. S. Giolo-Nicollerat, F. Szoncsó, Nikolai Krasnikov, Gobinda Majumder, Gunter Quast, F. Ratnikov, Aldo Penzo, G. Davatz, M. Mohammadi, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, L. Y. Zhang, P. Kreuzer, B. S. Acharya, T. Noebauer, R. Della Negra, Abdenour Lounis, A. T. Laasanen, J. Suarez Gonzalez, C. Sanzeni, J. Alam Jan, M. Poettgens, Sami Lehti, M. Vazquez Acosta, J. Miyamoto, Igor Golutvin, A. Koimas, Serguei Volkov, Hao Liu, Alexander Ershov, S. S. Vaurynovich, Stefano Ragazzi, Sergio F Novaes, J. Haupt, G. Magazzu, Morgan Lethuillier, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Nicola Bacchetta, Attila Racz, Jonathan Fulcher, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Tapio Lampén, Albert Ferrando, D. Campi, G. Makarenkov, K. Teplov, E. Borsato, Paolo Spagnolo, A. Inyakin, V. A. Pikalov, Lindsey Gray, L. Tuura, A. K. Srivastava, N. Grant, Evgueni Vlasov, A. Mollet, R. Kroeger, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Franco Gonella, Fabrizio Fabbri, J. Gonzalez Sanchez, P. Zalan, Yurii Maravin, M. Iftikhar, Vladimir Gavrilov, M. Fahrer, P. Graehling, K. Ueno, A. Romeyer, Markus Friedl, G. A. Lungu, Chen-Ching Liu, M. Tonutti, S. R. Chendvankar, R. M. Brown, M. Giarin, Gianluca Cerminara, J. Doroshenko, M. Mur, Katja Klein, S. Pavlon, P. Gartung, Martijn Mulders, S. Guragain, Anna Colaleo, Mingming Yang, Martti Raidal, D. G. Cassel, Riccardo Paramatti, Andrea Giammanco, P. Zychowski, I. Lippi, S. Bheesette, V. Barashko, S. Cihangir, Gero Flucke, Manfred Paulini, C. Ozkan, P. Killewald, K. Knobbe, S. Assouak, Ugo Gasparini, Veikko Karimäki, C. Kukulies, Vasken Hagopian, G. M. Dallavalle, H. Esser, J. C. Yun, J. Olzem, D. Smolin, P. Nedelec, Lev Dudko, Marco Paganoni, D. J. Summers, T. Ortega Gomez, Don Petravick, V. Samsonov, Hafeez R Hoorani, R. F. Teixeira, O. van der Aa, R. Ralich, Pierluigi Zotto, Jan Troska, A. Golyash, Robert Bainbridge, Aaron Dominguez, E. Bartz, Michael Wlochal, G. Hmayakyan, L. Zhang, M. Cardaci, Felicitas Pauss, B. Ledermann, Stefano Gennai, Daniel John Karmgard, Manfred Jeitler, A. Apresyan, R. Adolphi, S. Conetti, R. Goorens, Fabrizio Palla, D. Schinzel, Ayse Polatoz, A. Petrosyan, Steve Schnetzer, A. Soha, Paolo Giacomelli, Hannes Sakulin, Tilman Rohe, Lorenzo Foà, S. Kyre, D. Ungaro, G. Denis, D. Osborne, Geoffrey Hall, Dave Britton, Panagiotis Kokkas, Eric Wayne Vaandering, Taylan Yetkin, G. Parrini, V.V. Abramov, Susan Gascon, Drew Baden, M. Haguenauer, J. Leaver, Gunther Roland, A. Satpathy, N. Konovalova, S. Natali, V. A. Ilyin, A. Adolf, W. Beaumont, Satish Dhawan, G. Petrucciani, M. Larwill, A. Anisimov, D. Kcira, Carlos Almeida, A. Pullia, R. Trentadue, Keith Rose, Piero Giorgio Verdini, B. Checcucci, Claude Charlot, G. Comunale, A. Scheurer, C. Martinez Rivero, Rafael Marco, M. J. Ryan, P. Porth, Nikolay Bondar, B. Levesy, O. A. Grachov, Giancarlo Mantovani, L. Dobrzynski, Sezen Sekmen, B. Marangelli, Manfred Krammer, R. A. Sidwell, E. La Vallie, Pedro Arce, T. Keskinpala, I. Dafinei, N. Pearson, M. Nigro, D. Sillou, Igor Vorobiev, Natalia Ratnikova, D.D. Reeder, A. Zabi, Leonid Levchuk, Panos A Razis, N. Qaiser, Laura Borrello, V. Roberfroid, P. Blüm, S. Los, Filippo Bosi, H. F. Hoffmann, L. Veillet, Jim Freeman, V. Podrasky, M. Santos, Aristotelis Kyriakis, A. Zachariadou, S. Singh, Welathantri Gd Dharmaratna, A. Vest, Ferenc Sikler, Mario Kadastik, Konstanty Sumorok, Jorgen D'Hondt, M. Lebeau, E. Feltrin, Davide Piccolo, Jean-Louis Faure, C. Yuste, Q. Ingram, G. Papotti, Paul Avery, Salavat Abdullin, R.J. Plano, Seema Sharma, Paolo Checchia, Alberto Messineo, A.G. Volodko, D. Herman, K. Wick, N. Toth, Christoph Rosemann, I. Vankov, Randy Ruchti, Joe Incandela, J.M. Luque, U. Ahmad, B. Hegner, D. Kartashov, Duncan Carlsmith, Roberto Leporini, B. Scurlock, I. Magrans, Jim Hanlon, Michael S. Webster, M. Feindt, M. Eads, V. Maroussov, Richard Cavanaugh, P. Negri, H. Stoeck, Anton Taurok, D. Heydhausen, Stephanie Baffioni, S. K. Kataria, Jinsook Kim, A. Heikkinen, S. W. Ham, Marco Rovere, M. Bertoldi, Peter Timothy Cox, M. Sproston, B. L. Betev, Ilya Kravchenko, Y. B. Hsiung, P. Glaser, David Lomidze, Anatoli Zarubin, M. Fernandez, James Russ, D. Glenzinski, Tiziano Rovelli, Michal Bluj, E. Tsesmelis, A. Solovey, A. Sedov, P. Zych, Michael Spira, M. Bosteels, N. K. Mondal, T. A. Bolton, B. W. Kennedy, Othmane Bouhali, A. Oulianov, Guido Ciraolo, D. Lazic, Austin Ball, I. D'Antone, E. Eskut, Luigi Moroni, U. Felzmann, Mika Huhtinen, A. Lopez Virto, M. Barone, S. Quinton, R. Chipaux, K. Zhu, T. Ten, Ta-Yung Ling, Alessandro Montanari, Luc Pape, A. Khmelnikov, Jorge Semião, Isabel C. Teixeira, Russell Richard Betts, N. Darmenov, L. Sala, Konstantin Matchev, M. Pernicka, A. Theel, Egidio Longo, Y. Guo, R. Bruneliere, E. Perez Calle, A. K. Honma, Victor Krychkine, V. E. Postoev, M. Giunta, H. Szczesny, Jesus Marco, E. Norbeck, J. Alcaraz Maestre, D. Cano Fernandez, V. Boyer, David Krofcheck, R. Croft, V. Kaftanov, D. Vintache, Y. Gotra, M. S. Mennea, P. I. Zarubin, G. L. Bayatian, Gianpiero Cattaneo, V. A. Matveev, A. Markou, R. Moser, P. Sharp, Arie Bodek, Ozlem Kaya, F. Varela Rodriguez, Andrew Branson, Valentin Kuznetsov, P. Verrecchia, M. Wilhelmsson, Pierre Marage, N. Bangert, J. Maddox, B. Grinev, P. I. Goncharov, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, N. De Filippis, C. R. Newsom, S. Ravot, J. Salisbury, Kurtis F Johnson, Greg P Heath, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, P. Galvez, A. Onnela, S. Reynaud, U. Nauenberg, Salvatore Mele, P. Lecomte, Christoph Schäfer, A. H. Heering, Ruth Pordes, Lev Uvarov, D. V. Bandurin, F. Montecassiano, Yu. Andreev, S. Veseli, Daniel Treille, B. Yuldashev, T. M. Shaw, German Martinez, X. T. Meng, N. Lvova, Julian R. Jones, A. Filine, Pascal Paganini, A. Roy, N. Zamiatin, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, Vladimir Andreev, Aruna Nayak, I. Jimenez, Archana Sharma, Saptaparna Bhattacharya, Laird Kramer, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, John H. Wickens, Vladimir Korenkov, N. Magini, A. Moggi, I. Crotty, Jan Krolikowski, Duccio Abbaneo, V. Litvine, Elizabeth Locci, M. I. Asghar, A. Kapusi, Y. Zhang, C. Bloch, V. Sknar, Vadim Issakov, Giovanni Polese, Alexander Toropin, J. Nysten, E. Forton, Y. Liu, S. Wang, M. Jaworski, H. Foeth, Belforte, S., Cossutti, F., DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Gobbo, B., Penzo, A., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), informatique, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bayatian, G, Chatrchyan, S, Hmayakyan, G, Sirunyan, A, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Dragicevic, M, Ero, J, Friedl, M, Fruehwirth, R, Ghete, V, Glaser, P, Hrubec, J, Jeitler, M, Krammer, M, Magrans, I, Mikulec, I, Mitaroff, W, Noebauer, T, Pernicka, M, Porth, P, Rohringer, H, Strauss, J, Taurok, A, Waltenberger, W, Walzel, G, Widl, E, Wulz, C, Fedorov, A, Korzhik, M, Missevitch, O, Zuyeuski, R, Chekhovsky, V, Dvornikov, O, Emeliantchik, I, Litomin, A, Mossolov, V, Shumeiko, N, Solin, A, Stefanovitch, R, Gonzalez, J, Tikhonov, A, Petrov, V, D'Hondt, J, De Weirdt, S, Goorens, R, Heyninck, J, Lowette, S, Tavernier, S, Van Doninck, W, Van Lancker, L, Bouhali, O, Clerbaux, B, De Lentdecker, G, Dewulf, J, Mahmoud, T, Marage, P, Neukermans, L, Sundararajan, V, Vander Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Wickens, J, Assouak, S, Bonnet, J, Bruno, G, Caudron, J, De Callatay, B, De Jeneret, J, De Visscher, S, Delaere, C, Demin, P, Favart, D, Feltrin, E, Forton, E, Gregoire, G, Kalinin, S, Kcira, D, Keutgen, T, Leibenguth, G, Lemaitre, V, Liu, Y, Michotte, D, Militaru, O, Ninane, A, Ovyn, S, Pierzchala, T, Piotrzkowski, K, Roberfroid, V, Rouby, X, Teyssier, D, Van Der Aa, O, Vander Donckt, M, Daubie, E, Herquet, P, Mollet, A, Romeyer, A, Beaumont, W, Cardaci, M, De Langhe, E, De Wolf, E, Rurua, L, Souza, M, Oguri, V, Santoro, A, Sznajder, A, Vaz, M, Gregores, E, Novaes, S, Anguelov, T, Antchev, G, Atanasov, I, Damgov, J, Darmenov, N, Dimitrov, L, Genchev, V, Iaydjiev, P, Panev, B, Piperov, S, Stoykova, S, Sultanov, G, Vankov, I, Dimitrov, A, Kozhuharov, V, Litov, L, Makariev, M, Marinov, A, Marinova, E, Markov, S, Mateev, M, Pavlov, B, Petkov, P, Sabev, C, Stoynev, S, Toteva, Z, Verguilov, V, Chen, G, Chen, H, He, K, Jiang, C, Li, W, Liu, H, Meng, X, Shen, X, Sun, H, Yang, M, Zhao, W, Zhuang, H, Ban, Y, Cai, J, Liu, S, Qian, S, Yang, Z, Ye, Y, Ying, J, Wu, J, Zhang, Z, Godinovic, N, Puljak, I, Soric, I, Antunovic, Z, Dzelalija, M, Marasovic, K, Brigljevic, V, Ferencek, D, Kadija, K, Morovic, S, Planinic, M, Nicolaou, C, Papadakis, A, Razis, P, Tsiakkouri, D, Hektor, A, Kadastik, M, Kannike, K, Lippmaa, E, Muntel, M, Raidal, M, Aarnio, P, Czellar, S, Haeggstroem, E, Heikkinen, A, Harkonen, J, Karimaki, V, Kinnunen, R, Lampen, T, Lassila Perini, K, Lehti, S, Linden, T, Luukka, P, Michal, S, Maenpaa, T, Nysten, J, Stettler, M, Tuominen, E, Tuominiemi, J, Wendland, L, Tuuva, T, Guillaud, J, Nedelec, P, Sillou, D, Anfreville, M, Beauceron, S, Bougamont, E, Bredy, P, Chipaux, R, Dejardin, M, Denegri, D, Descamps, J, Fabbro, B, Faure, J, Ganjour, S, Gentit, F, Givernaud, A, Gras, P, De Monchenault, G, Jarry, P, Kircher, F, Lemaire, M, Levesy, B, Locci, E, Lottin, J, Mandjavidze, I, Mur, M, Pasquetto, E, Payn, A, Rander, J, Reymond, J, Rondeaux, F, Rosowsky, A, Sun, Z, Verrecchia, P, Baffioni, S, Beaudette, F, Bercher, M, Berthon, U, Bimbot, S, Bourotte, J, Busson, P, Cerutti, M, Chamont, D, Charlot, C, Collard, C, Decotigny, D, Delmeire, E, Dobrzynski, L, Gaillac, A, Geerebaert, Y, Gilly, J, Haguenauer, M, Karar, A, Mathieu, A, Milleret, G, Mine, P, Paganini, P, Romanteau, T, Semeniouk, I, Sirois, Y, Berst, J, Brom, J, Didierjean, F, Drouhin, F, Fontaine, J, Goerlach, U, Graehling, P, Gross, L, Houchu, L, Juillot, P, Lounis, A, Maazouzi, C, Mangeol, D, Olivetto, C, Todorov, T, Van Hove, P, Vintache, D, Ageron, M, Agram, J, Baulieu, G, Bedjidian, M, Blaha, J, Bonnevaux, A, Boudoul, G, Chabanat, E, Combaret, C, Contardo, D, Della Negra, R, Depasse, P, Dupasquier, T, El Mamouni, H, Estre, N, Fay, J, Gascon, S, Giraud, N, Girerd, C, Haroutunian, R, Ianigro, J, Ille, B, Lethuillier, M, Lumb, N, Mathez, H, Maurelli, G, Mirabito, L, Perries, S, Ravat, O, Kvatadze, R, Roinishvili, V, Adolphi, R, Brauer, R, Braunschweig, W, Esser, H, Feld, L, Heister, A, Karpinski, W, Klein, K, Kukulies, C, Olzem, J, Ostapchuk, A, Pandoulas, D, Pierschel, G, Raupach, F, Schael, S, Schwering, G, Thomas, M, Weber, M, Wittmer, B, Wlochal, M, Adolf, A, Biallass, P, Bontenackels, M, Erdmann, M, Fesefeldt, H, Hebbeker, T, Hermann, S, Hilgers, G, Hoepfner, K, Hof, C, Kappler, S, Kirsch, M, Lanske, D, Philipps, B, Reithler, H, Rommerskirchen, T, Sowa, M, Szczesny, H, Tonutti, M, Tsigenov, O, Beissel, F, Davids, M, Duda, M, Flugge, G, Franke, T, Giffels, M, Hermanns, T, Heydhausen, D, Kasselmann, S, Kaussen, G, Kress, T, Linn, A, Nowack, A, Poettgens, M, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Tornier, D, Flossdorf, A, Hegner, B, Mnich, J, Rosemann, C, Flucke, G, Holm, U, Klanner, R, Pein, U, Schirm, N, Schleper, P, Steinbruck, G, Stoye, M, Van Staa, R, Wick, K, Blum, P, Buege, V, De Boer, W, Dirkes, G, Fahrer, M, Feindt, M, Felzmann, U, Menendez, J, Frey, M, Furgeri, A, Hartmann, F, Heier, S, Jung, C, Ledermann, B, Muller, T, Niegel, M, Oehler, A, Gomez, T, Piasecki, C, Quast, G, Rabbertz, K, Saout, C, Scheurer, A, Schieferdecker, D, Schmidt, A, Simonis, H, Theel, A, Vest, A, Weiler, T, Weiser, C, Weng, J, Zhukov, V, Karapostoli, G, Katsas, P, Kreuzer, P, Panagiotou, A, Papadimitropoulos, C, Anagnostou, G, Barone, M, Geralis, T, Kalfas, C, Koimas, A, Kyriakis, A, Kyriazopoulou, S, Loukas, D, Markou, A, Markou, C, Mavrommatis, C, Theofilatos, K, Vermisoglou, G, Zachariadou, A, Aslanoglou, X, Evangelou, I, Kokkas, P, Manthos, N, Papadopoulos, I, Sidiropoulos, G, Triantis, F, Bencze, G, Boldizsar, L, Hajdu, C, Horvath, D, Laszlo, A, Odor, G, Sikler, F, Toth, N, Vesztergombi, G, Zalan, P, Molnar, J, Beni, N, Kapusi, A, Marian, G, Raics, P, Szabo, Z, Szillasi, Z, Zilizi, G, Bawa, H, Beri, S, Bhandari, V, Bhatnagar, V, Kaur, M, Kaur, R, Kohli, J, Kumar, A, Singh, J, Bhardwaj, A, Bhattacharya, S, Chatterji, S, Chauhan, S, Choudhary, B, Gupta, P, Jha, M, Ranjan, K, Shivpuri, R, Srivastava, A, Borkar, S, Dixit, M, Ghodgaonkar, M, Kataria, S, Lalwani, S, Mishra, V, Mohanty, A, Topkar, A, Aziz, T, Banerjee, S, Bose, S, Cheere, N, Chendvankar, S, Deshpande, P, Guchait, M, Gurtu, A, Maity, M, Majumder, G, Mazumdar, K, Nayak, A, Patil, M, Sharma, S, Sudhakar, K, Tonwar, S, Acharya, B, Bheesette, S, Dugad, S, Kalmani, S, Lakkireddi, V, Mondal, N, Panyam, N, Verma, P, Arabgol, M, Arfaei, H, Hashemi, M, Mohammadi, M, Najafabadi, M, Moshaii, A, Mehdiabadi, S, Grunewald, M, Abbrescia, M, Barbone, L, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, De Palma, M, Donvito, G, Fiore, L, Giordano, D, Iaselli, G, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Manna, N, Marangelli, B, Mennea, M, My, S, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Pugliese, G, Radicci, V, Ranieri, A, Romano, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Trentadue, R, Zito, G, Abbiendi, G, Bacchi, W, Benvenuti, A, Bonacorsi, D, Braibant Giacomelli, S, Capiluppi, P, Cavallo, F, Ciocca, C, Codispoti, G, D'Antone, I, Dallavalle, G, Fabbri, F, Fanfani, A, Giacomelli, P, Grandi, C, Guerzoni, M, Guiducci, L, Marcellini, S, Masetti, G, Montanari, A, Navarria, F, Odorici, F, Perrotta, A, Rossi, A, Rovelli, T, Siroli, G, Travaglini, R, Albergo, S, Chiorboli, M, Costa, S, Galanti, M, Rotondo, G, Noto, F, Potenza, R, Russo, G, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Bocci, A, Ciraolo, G, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Genta, C, Lenzi, P, Macchiolo, A, Magini, N, Manolescu, F, Marchettini, C, Masetti, L, Mersi, S, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Parrini, G, Ranieri, R, Sani, M, Fabbricatore, P, Farinon, S, Greco, M, Cattaneo, G, De Min, A, Dominoni, M, Farina, F, Ferri, F, Ghezzi, A, Govoni, P, Leporini, R, Magni, S, Malberti, M, Malvezzi, S, Marelli, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Negri, P, Paganoni, M, Pedrini, D, Pullia, A, Ragazzi, S, Redaelli, N, Rovelli, C, Rovere, M, Sala, L, Sala, S, Salerno, R, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, Vigano, S, Comunale, G, Fabozzi, F, Lomidze, D, Mele, S, Paolucci, P, Piccolo, D, Polese, G, Sciacca, C, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bellato, M, Benettoni, M, Bisello, D, Borsato, E, Candelori, A, Checchia, P, Conti, E, De Mattia, M, Dorigo, T, Drollinger, V, Fanzago, F, Gasparini, F, Gasparini, U, Giarin, M, Giubilato, P, Gonella, F, Kaminskiy, A, Karaevskii, S, Khomenkov, V, Lacaprara, S, Lippi, I, Loreti, M, Lytovchenko, O, Mazzucato, M, Meneguzzo, A, Michelotto, M, Montecassiano, F, Nigro, M, Passaseo, M, Pegoraro, M, Rampazzo, G, Ronchese, P, Torassa, E, Ventura, S, Zanetti, M, Zotto, P, Zumerle, G, Belli, G, Berzano, U, De Vecchi, C, Guida, R, Necchi, M, Ratti, S, Riccardi, C, Sani, G, Torre, P, Vitulo, P, Ambroglini, F, Babucci, E, Benedetti, D, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Caponeri, B, Checcucci, B, Fano, L, Lariccia, P, Mantovani, G, Passeri, D, Pioppi, M, Placidi, P, Postolache, V, Ricci, D, Santocchia, A, Servoli, L, Spiga, D, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Benucci, L, Bernardini, J, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Calzolari, F, Castaldi, R, Cerri, C, Cucoanes, A, D'Alfonso, M, Dell'Orso, R, Dutta, S, Foa, L, Gennai, S, Giammanco, A, Giassi, A, Kartashov, D, Ligabue, F, Linari, S, Lomtadze, T, Lungu, G, Mangano, B, Martinelli, G, Massa, M, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Petrucciani, G, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Sanguinetti, G, Segneri, G, Sentenac, D, Serban, A, Sguazzoni, G, Slav, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Vos, M, Baccaro, S, Barone, L, Bartoloni, A, Cavallari, F, Costantini, S, Dafinei, I, Del Re, D, Diemoz, M, Gargiulo, C, Longo, E, Meridiani, P, Organtini, G, Rahatlou, S, Accomando, E, Arneodo, M, Ballestrero, A, Bellan, R, Biino, C, Bolognesi, S, Cartiglia, N, Cerminara, G, Cordero, M, Costa, M, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Maina, E, Mariotti, C, Maselli, S, Mereu, P, Migliore, E, Monaco, V, Nervo, M, Obertino, M, Pastrone, N, Petrillo, G, Romero, A, Ruspa, M, Sacchi, R, Staiano, A, Trapani, P, Belforte, S, Cossutti, F, Della Ricca, G, Penzo, A, Cho, K, Ham, S, Han, D, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, W, Lee, M, Oh, S, Park, W, Ro, S, Son, D, Suh, J, Jung, S, Rhee, J, Hong, B, Hong, S, Lee, K, Park, I, Park, S, Sim, K, Won, E, Kim, S, Moreno, S, Valdez, H, Hernandez, A, Ibarguen, H, Pineda, A, Gray, R, Krofcheck, D, Rodrigues, N, Butler, P, Williams, J, Aftab, Z, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, U, Ahmed, I, Jan, J, Asghar, M, Asghar, S, Hafeez, M, Hoorani, H, Ibrahim, M, Iftikhar, M, Khan, M, Qaiser, N, Rehman, I, Solaija, T, Toor, S, Blocki, J, Cyz, A, Gladysz Dziadus, E, Mikocki, S, Turnau, J, Wlodarczyk, Z, Zychowski, P, Bunkowski, K, Czyrkowski, H, Dabrowski, R, Dominik, W, Doroba, K, Kalinowski, A, Konecki, M, Krolikowski, J, Kudla, I, Pietrusinski, M, Pozniak, K, Zabolotny, W, Zych, P, Bluj, M, Gokieli, R, Goscilo, L, Gorski, M, Nawrocki, K, Traczyk, P, Wrochna, G, Zalewski, P, Alemany Fernandez, R, Almeida, C, Almeida, N, Trindade, A, Bordalo, P, Rodrigues, P, Husejko, M, Jain, A, Kazana, M, Musella, P, Ramos, S, Da Silva, J, Ribeiro, P, Santos, M, Semiao, J, Silva, P, Teixeira, I, Teixeira, J, Varela, J, Afanasiev, S, Babich, K, Belotelov, I, Elsha, V, Ershov, Y, Filozova, I, Golunov, A, Golutvin, I, Gorbounov, N, Gramenitski, I, Kalagin, V, Kamenev, A, Karjavin, V, Khabarov, S, Khabarov, V, Kiryushin, Y, Konoplyanikov, V, Korenkov, V, Kozlov, G, Kurenkov, A, Lanev, A, Lysiakov, V, Malakhov, A, Melnitchenko, I, Mitsyn, V, Moisenz, K, Moisenz, P, Movchan, S, Nikonov, E, Oleynik, D, Palichik, V, Perelygin, V, Petrosyan, A, Rogalev, E, Samsonov, V, Savina, M, Semenov, R, Shmatov, S, Shulha, S, Smirnov, V, Smolin, D, Tcheremoukhine, A, Teryaev, O, Tikhonenko, E, Vassiliev, S, Vishnevskiy, A, Volodko, A, Zamiatin, N, Zarubin, A, Zarubin, P, Zubarev, E, Bondar, N, Golovtsov, V, Golyash, A, Ivanov, Y, Kim, V, Kozlov, V, Lebedev, V, Makarenkov, G, Orishchin, E, Shevel, A, Sknar, V, Smirnov, I, Sulimov, V, Tarakanov, V, Uvarov, L, Velichko, G, Volkov, S, Vorobyev, A, Andreev, Y, Anisimov, A, Gninenko, S, Golubev, N, Gorbunov, D, Kirsanov, M, Kovzelev, A, Krasnikov, N, Matveev, V, Pashenkov, A, Postoev, V, Sadovski, A, Solovey, A, Soloviev, D, Stepanova, L, Toropin, A, Gavrilov, V, Ilina, N, Kaftanov, V, Kiselevich, I, Kolosov, V, Kossov, M, Krokhotin, A, Kuleshov, S, Oulianov, A, Safronov, G, Semenov, S, Stolin, V, Vlasov, E, Zaytsev, V, Fomenko, A, Konovalova, N, Lebedev, A, Lvova, N, Rusakov, S, Terkulov, A, Boos, E, Dubinin, M, Dudko, L, Ershov, A, Gribushin, A, Ilyin, V, Klyukhin, V, Kodolova, O, Lokhtin, I, Petrushanko, S, Sarycheva, L, Savrin, V, Sherstnev, A, Snigirev, A, Teplov, K, Vardanyan, I, Abramov, V, Azhguirei, I, Bitioukov, S, Datsko, K, Filine, A, Goncharov, P, Grishin, V, Inyakin, A, Kachanov, V, Khmelnikov, A, Konstantinov, D, Korablev, A, Krychkine, V, Levine, A, Lobov, I, Pikalov, V, Ryutin, R, Slabospitsky, S, Sourkov, A, Sytine, A, Tourtchanovitch, L, Troshin, S, Tyurin, N, Uzunian, A, Volkov, A, Zelepoukine, S, Adzic, P, Krpic, D, Maletic, D, Milenovic, P, Puzovic, J, Smiljkovic, N, Zupan, M, Aguilar Benitez, M, Alberdi, J, Maestre, J, Martin, M, Arce, P, Barcala, J, Lazaro, C, Bejar, J, Calvo, E, Montes, M, Cerrada, M, Llatas, M, Colino, N, Daniel, M, De La Cruz, B, Bedoya, C, Ferrando, A, Fouz, M, Garcia Abia, P, Hernandez, J, Josa, M, Luque, J, Marin, J, Merino, G, Molinero, A, Navarrete, J, Oller, J, Calle, E, Romero, L, Salicio, J, Munoz, C, Willmott, C, Yuste, C, Albajar, C, De Troconiz, J, Fernandez, M, Jimenez, I, Teixeira, R, Cuevas, J, Lopez, J, Sordo, H, Garcia, J, Calderon, A, Fernandez, D, Merino, I, Moral, L, Gomezo, G, Cabellero, I, Sanchez, J, Virto, A, Marco, J, Marco, R, Rivero, C, Del Arbol, P, Matorras, F, Revuelta, A, Rodrigo, T, Gonzalez, D, Jimeno, A, Sanudo, M, Vila, I, Cortabitarte, R, Abbaneo, D, Abbas, S, Agostino, L, Akhtar, S, Amapane, N, Meleiro, B, Argiro, S, Ashby, S, Aspell, P, Auffray, E, Axer, M, Ball, A, Bangert, N, Barney, D, Bernet, C, Bialas, W, Bloch, C, Bloch, P, Bonacini, S, Bosteels, M, Boyer, V, Branson, A, Brett, A, Breuker, H, Bruneliere, R, Buchmuller, O, Campi, D, Camporesi, T, Cano, E, Carrone, E, Cattai, A, Chierici, R, Christiansen, T, Cittolin, S, Corrin, E, Corvo, M, Cucciarelli, S, Cure, B, De Roeck, A, Delikaris, D, Della Negra, M, D'Enterria, D, Dierlamm, A, Elliott Peisert, A, Eppard, M, Foeth, H, Folch, R, Fratianni, S, Wfunk, O, Gaddi, A, Gastal, M, Gayde, J, Gerwig, H, Gill, K, Giolo Nicollerat, A, Glege, F, Garrido, R, Goudard, R, Gutleber, J, Hansen, M, Hartert, J, Herve, A, Hoffmann, H, Honma, A, Huhtinen, M, Iles, G, Innocente, V, Jank, W, Janot, P, Kloukinas, K, Lasseur, C, Lebeau, M, Lecoq, P, Leonidopoulos, C, Letheren, M, Ljuslin, C, Loos, R, Magazzu, G, Malgeri, L, Mannelli, M, Marchioro, A, Meijers, F, Meschi, E, Moser, R, Mulders, M, Nash, J, Ofierzynski, R, Oh, A, Olbrechts, P, Onnela, A, Orsini, L, Pal, I, Papotti, G, Paramatti, R, Passardi, G, Solano, B, Perinic, G, Petagna, P, Petrilli, A, Pfeiffer, A, Pimia, M, Pintus, R, Postema, H, Principe, R, Pelayo, J, Racz, A, Rehn, J, Reynaud, S, Risoldi, M, Moreira, P, Rolandi, G, Rosinsky, P, Rumerio, P, Sakulin, H, Samyn, D, Schilling, F, Schwick, C, Schafer, C, Segoni, I, Sharma, A, Siegrist, P, Sinanis, N, Sphicas, P, Spiropulu, M, Szoncso, F, Teller, O, Treille, D, Troska, J, Tsesmelis, E, Tsirigkas, D, Tsirou, A, Ungaro, D, Vasey, F, Acosta, M, Veillet, L, Vichoudis, P, Wertelaers, P, Wijnant, A, Wilhelmsson, M, Willers, I, Bertl, W, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Gabathuler, K, Heising, S, Horisberger, R, Ingram, Q, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Konig, S, Renker, D, Rohe, T, Spira, M, Betev, B, Davatz, G, Dissertori, G, Dittmar, M, Djambazov, L, Ehlers, J, Eichler, R, Faber, G, Freudenreich, K, Fuchs, J, Grab, C, Holzner, A, Ingenito, P, Langenegger, U, Lecomte, P, Leshev, G, Lister, A, Luckey, P, Lustermann, W, Maillefaud, J, Moortgat, F, Nardulli, A, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Pape, L, Pauss, F, Rykaczewski, H, Roser, U, Schinzel, D, Starodumov, A, Stockli, F, Suter, H, Tauscher, L, Trub, P, Von Gunten, H, Wensveen, M, Alagoz, E, Amsler, C, Chiochia, V, Hoermann, C, Prokofiev, K, Regenfus, C, Robmann, P, Speer, T, Steiner, S, Wilke, L, Blyth, S, Chang, Y, Chen, E, Go, A, Hung, C, Kuo, C, Lin, W, Chang, P, Chao, Y, Chen, K, Gao, Z, Hsiung, Y, Lei, Y, Schumann, J, Shiu, J, Ueno, K, Velikzhanin, Y, Yeh, P, Aydin, S, Bakirci, M, Cerci, S, Dumanoglu, I, Erturk, S, Esen, S, Eskut, E, Topaksu, A, Kurt, P, Ozkurt, H, Polatoz, A, Sogut, K, Topakli, H, Vergili, M, Yetkin, T, Onengut, G, Gamsizkan, H, Ozkan, C, Sekmen, S, Serin Zeyrek, M, Sever, R, Yazgan, E, Zeyrek, M, Cakir, A, Cankocak, K, Deliomeroglu, M, Demir, D, Dindar, K, Gulmez, E, Isiksal, E, Kaya, M, Kaya, O, Ozkorucuklu, S, Sonmez, N, Grinev, B, Lyubynskiy, V, Senchyshyn, V, Levchuk, L, Sorokin, P, Bailey, D, Barrass, T, Brooke, J, Croft, R, Cussans, D, Evans, D, Frazier, R, Grant, N, Heath, G, Heath, H, Huckvale, B, Lynch, C, Mackay, C, Metson, S, Newbold, D, Smith, V, Tapper, R, Baird, S, Bell, K, Brown, R, Cockerill, D, Coughlan, J, Flower, P, Francis, V, French, M, Greenhalgh, J, Halsall, R, Hill, J, Jones, L, Kennedy, B, Lintern, L, Lodge, A, Maddox, J, Morrissey, Q, Murray, P, Pearson, M, Quinton, S, Salisbury, J, Shah, A, Shepherd Themistocleous, C, Smith, B, Sproston, M, Stephenson, R, Taghavirad, S, Tomalin, I, Arteche, F, Bainbridge, R, Barber, G, Barrillon, P, Beuselinck, R, Blekman, F, Britton, D, Colling, D, Daskalakis, G, Dewhirst, G, Dris, S, Foudas, C, Fulcher, J, Greder, S, Hall, G, Jones, J, Leaver, J, Macevoy, B, Maroney, O, Nikitenko, A, Papageorgiou, A, Raymond, D, Ryan, M, Seez, C, Sharp, P, Takahashi, M, Timlin, C, Virdee, T, Wakefield, S, Wingham, M, Zabi, A, Zhang, Y, Zorba, O, Da Via, C, Goitom, I, Hobson, P, Kyberd, P, Munro, C, Nebrensky, J, Reid, I, Sharif, O, Taylor, R, Teodorescu, L, Watts, S, Yaselli, I, Hazen, E, Heering, A, Lazic, D, Machado, E, Osborne, D, Rohlf, J, Sulak, L, Rodriguez, F, Wu, S, Cutts, D, Hooper, R, Landsberg, G, Partridge, R, Vanini, S, Breedon, R, Case, M, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Cox, P, Erbacher, R, Gunion, J, Holbrook, B, Ko, W, Lander, R, Pellett, D, Smith, J, Soha, A, Tripathi, M, Vogt, R, Andreev, V, Arisaka, K, Cline, D, Cousins, R, Erhan, S, Felcini, M, Hauser, J, Ignatenko, M, Lisowski, B, Matlock, D, Matthey, C, Mohr, B, Mumford, J, Otwinowski, S, Rakness, G, Schlein, P, Shi, Y, Tucker, J, Valuev, V, Wallny, R, Wang, H, Yang, X, Zheng, Y, Clare, R, Fortin, D, Futyan, D, Gary, J, Giunta, M, Hanson, G, Jeng, G, Kao, S, Pasztor, G, Satpathy, A, Shen, B, Stringer, R, Sytnik, V, Wilken, R, Zer Zion, D, Branson, J, Dusinberre, E, Letts, J, Martin, T, Mojaver, M, Paar, H, Pi, H, Pieri, M, Rana, A, Sharma, V, White, A, Wurthwein, F, Affolder, A, Campagnari, C, Hill, C, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Lamb, J, Richman, J, Stuart, D, White, D, Albert, J, Bornheim, A, Bunn, J, Chen, J, Denis, G, Galvez, P, Gataullin, M, Legrand, I, Litvine, V, Ma, Y, Nae, D, Newman, H, Ravot, S, Shevchenko, S, Singh, S, Steenberg, C, Su, X, Timciuc, V, Van Lingen, F, Veverka, J, Voicu, B, Weinstein, A, Wilkinson, R, Yang, Y, Zhang, L, Zhu, K, Zhu, R, Ferguson, T, Paulini, M, Russ, J, Terentyev, N, Vogel, H, Vorobiev, I, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Johnson, D, Nauenberg, U, Stenson, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cassel, D, Ecklund, K, Heltsley, B, Jones, C, Kuznetsov, V, Patterson, J, Ryd, A, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Beetz, C, Cirino, G, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, C, Winn, D, Abdullin, S, Afaq, M, Albrow, M, Amundson, J, Apollinari, G, Atac, M, Badgett, W, Bakken, J, Baldin, B, Bauerdick, L, Baumbaugh, A, Baur, U, Bhat, P, Borcherding, F, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Cheung, H, Churin, I, Cihangir, S, Demarteau, M, Eartly, D, Elias, J, Elvira, V, Fisk, I, Freeman, J, Gartung, P, Geurts, F, Glenzinski, D, Gottschalk, E, Graham, G, Green, D, Guglielmo, G, Guo, Y, Gutsche, O, Hahn, A, Hanlon, J, Hansen, S, Harris, R, Hesselroth, T, Holm, S, Holzman, B, Iqbal, S, James, E, Johnson, M, Joshi, U, Klima, B, Kowalkowski, J, Kramer, T, Kwan, S, La Vallie, E, Larwill, M, Los, S, Lueking, L, Lukhanin, G, Lusin, S, Maeshima, K, Mcbride, P, Murray, S, O'Dell, V, Paterno, M, Patrick, J, Petravick, D, Pordes, R, Prokofyev, O, Rasmislovich, V, Ratnikova, N, Ronzhin, A, Sekhri, V, Sexton Kennedy, E, Shaw, T, Skow, D, Smith, R, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Stavrianakou, M, Stiehr, G, Suzuki, I, Tan, P, Tanenbaum, W, Tkaczyk, S, Veseli, S, Vidal, R, Wenzel, H, Whitmore, J, Womersley, W, Wu, W, Wu, Y, Yagil, A, Yarba, J, Yun, J, Acosta, D, Avery, P, Barashko, V, Bartalini, P, Bourilkov, D, Cavanaugh, R, Drozdetskiy, A, Field, R, Fu, Y, Gray, L, Holmes, D, Kim, B, Klimenko, S, Konigsberg, J, Korytov, A, Kotov, K, Levchenko, P, Madorsky, A, Matchev, K, Mitselmakher, G, Pakhotin, Y, Prescott, C, Ramond, P, Rodriguez, J, Schmitt, M, Scurlock, B, Stoeck, H, Yelton, J, Boeglin, W, Gaultney, V, Kramer, L, Linn, S, Markowitz, P, Martinez, G, Raue, B, Reinhold, J, Askew, A, Bertoldi, M, Dharmaratna, W, Gershtein, Y, Hagopian, S, Hagopian, V, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Prosper, H, Wahl, H, Baarmand, M, Baksay, L, Guragain, S, Hohlmann, M, Mermerkaya, H, Ralich, R, Vodopiyanov, I, Adams, M, Betts, R, Gerber, C, Shabalina, E, Smith, C, Ten, T, Akgun, U, Ayan, A, Cooper, A, Debbins, P, Duru, F, Fountain, M, George, N, Mccliment, E, Merlo, J, Mestvirishvili, A, Miller, M, Newsom, C, Norbeck, E, Onel, Y, Schmidt, I, Wang, S, Anderson, E, Atramentov, O, Hauptman, J, Lamsa, J, Barnett, B, Blumenfeld, B, Chien, C, Maksimovic, P, Spangler, S, Swartz, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Coppage, D, Grachov, O, Kim, E, Murray, M, Bandurin, D, Bolton, T, Khanov, A, Maravin, Y, Onoprienko, D, Rizatdinova, F, Sidwell, R, Stanton, N, Von Toerne, E, Baden, D, Bard, R, Eno, S, Grassi, T, Hadley, N, Kellogg, R, Kunori, S, Ratnikov, F, Skuja, A, Arcidiacono, R, Ballintijn, M, Bauer, G, Harris, P, Kravchenko, I, Loizides, C, Nahn, S, Paus, C, Pavlon, S, Roland, C, Roland, G, Sumorok, K, Vaurynovich, S, Veres, G, Wyslouch, B, Bailleux, D, Corum, S, Cushman, P, De Benedetti, A, Dolgopolov, A, Egeland, R, Franzoni, G, Gilbert, W, Grahl, J, Haupt, J, Kubota, Y, Mans, J, Pearson, N, Rusack, R, Singovsky, A, Cremaldi, L, Godang, R, Kroeger, R, Sanders, D, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Dominguez, A, Eads, M, Lundstedt, C, Malik, S, Snow, G, Sobol, A, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Alverson, G, Barberis, E, Boeriu, O, Eulisse, G, Musienko, Y, Muzaffar, S, Osborne, I, Reucroft, S, Swain, J, Taylor, L, Tuura, L, Wood, D, Gobbi, B, Kubantsev, M, Schellman, H, Spencer, E, Velasco, M, Baumbaugh, B, Cason, N, Hildreth, M, Karmgard, D, Marinelli, N, Ruchti, R, Warchol, J, Wayne, M, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L, Gilmore, J, Gu, J, Herman, D, Killewald, P, Knobbe, K, Ling, T, Elmer, P, Marlow, D, Piroue, P, Stickland, D, Tully, C, Wildish, T, Wynhoff, S, Xie, Z, Apresyan, A, Arndt, K, Banicz, K, Barnes, V, Bolla, G, Bortoletto, D, Bujak, A, Garfinkel, A, Lopez, O, Gutay, L, Ippolito, N, Kozhevnikov, Y, Laasanen, A, Liu, C, Maroussov, V, Merkel, P, Miller, D, Miyamoto, J, Neumeister, N, Rott, C, Roy, A, Sedov, A, Shipsey, I, Parashar, N, Eppley, G, Lee, S, Liu, J, Matveev, M, Nussbaum, T, Padley, B, Roberts, J, Tumanov, A, Yepes, P, Bodek, A, Budd, H, Chung, Y, De Barbaro, P, Demina, R, Eusebi, R, Ginther, G, Gotra, Y, Hocker, A, Husemann, U, Korjenevski, S, Sakumoto, W, Slattery, P, Tipton, P, Zielinski, M, Bartz, E, Doroshenko, J, Halkiadakis, E, Jacques, P, Kalelkar, M, Khits, D, Lath, A, Macpherson, A, Perera, L, Plano, R, Rose, K, Schnetzer, S, Somalwar, S, Stone, R, Thomson, G, Watts, T, Akchurin, N, Carrell, K, Gumus, K, Jeong, C, Kim, H, Papadimitriou, V, Sill, A, Spezziga, M, Washington, E, Wigmans, R, Bapty, T, Engh, D, Johns, W, Keskinpala, T, Lopez, E, Neema, S, Nordstrom, S, Pathak, S, Sheldon, P, Vaandering, E, Webster, M, Arenton, M, Conetti, S, Cox, B, Hirosky, R, Imlay, R, Ledovskoy, A, Phillips, D, Powell, H, Ronquest, M, Smith, D, Baek, Y, Bellinger, J, Bradley, D, Carlsmith, D, Crotty, I, Dasu, S, Feyzi, F, Gorski, T, Grothe, M, Hogg, W, Jaworski, M, Klabbers, P, Lanaro, A, Loveless, R, De Abril, M, Reeder, D, Smith, W, Wenman, D, Atoyan, G, Dhawan, S, Issakov, V, Neal, H, Poblaguev, A, Zeller, M, Yuldashev, B, TR1918, Demir, Durmuş Ali, Izmir Institute of Technology. Physics, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics beyond the Standard Model, Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION, TO-LEADING-ORDER, PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, B-C MESON, SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER, SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY, Vector boson, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, PARTICLE PHYSICS, CMS, Energy density, technical design report, CERN, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Supersymmetry, Physics and Astronomy (all), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, High-density QCD matter, Higgs boson, CMS, LHC, Physics, particles, Higgs, particle physics, detector, accelerator, Particle physics, Standard Model, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Settore MAT/07 - Fisica Matematica, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Little Higgs, pp, LHC, Higgs, supersymmetry, heavy ion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Parton momentum fraction, Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Abstract

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z′ and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E T, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2007

26. New low noise CCD cameras for Pi-of-the-Sky project

Author

Lech Mankiewicz, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Marcin Sokolowski, Grzegorz Wrochna, R. Sulej, J. Uzycki, Henryk Czyrkowski, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, W. Dominik, R. Dabrowski, and P. Sitek

Subjects
Astronomical Objects, Signal processing, Engineering, Analogue electronics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Optical engineering, Video processing, Data acquisition, Sky, Computer graphics (images), business, media_common, Data transmission
Abstract

Modern research trends require observation of fainter and fainter astronomical objects on large areas of the sky. This implies usage of systems with high temporal and optical resolution with computer based data acquisition and processing. Therefore Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) became so popular. They offer quick picture conversion with much better quality than film based technologies. This work is theoretical and practical study of the CCD based picture acquisition system. The system was optimized for "Pi of The Sky" project. But it can be adapted to another professional astronomical researches. The work includes issue of picture conversion, signal acquisition, data transfer and mechanical construction of the device.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2006

27. Study of rapidly varying astrophysical objects with the Pi-of-the-Sky apparatus

Author

M. Molak, K. Malek, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Lech Mankiewicz, Aleksander Filip Zarnecki, M. Biskup, Grzegorz Wrochna, Marcin Sokolowski, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, P. Sitek, G. Kasprowic, M. Cwiok, Henryk Czyrkowski, R. Dabrowski, J. Mrowca-Ciulacz, W. Dominik, and J. Uzycki

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Sky, Primary (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, media_common
Abstract

"Pi of the Sky" is a detector designed for search for optical flashes of the cosmic origin in the sky. Its primary goal is to look for optical afterglows associated with the gamma ray bursts (GRB), but it is also good to tool to study any kind of short timescale astrophysical phenomena. The apparatus consists of two arrays of 16 cameras each, which allow for simultaneous observation of big fraction of the sky. Due to on-line data analysis in the real time, it has self-triggering capability and can react to external triggers with negative time delay. The prototype with two cameras has been installed at Las Campanas (Chile) and was operational in period since June 2004 till August 2005 and upgraded in June 2006. Database for storing large amount of astronomical measurements was developed. The general idea of experiment, apparatus and data analysis in the experiment will be presented.

Published
2006

28. 'Pi of the sky': robotic search for cosmic flashes

Author

Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Grzegorz Wrochna, Henryk Czyrkowski, Lech Mankiewicz, J. Uzycki, K. Kwiecinska, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, K. Malek, Aleksander Burd, J. Mrowca-Ciulacz, M. Cwiok, Bogumił Pilecki, Krzysztof Nawrocki, W. Dominik, Maciej Górski, M. Molak, S. Stankiewicz, Marcin Sokolowski, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, R. Dabrowski, Marcin Grajda, D. M. Szczygiel, and Ryszard S. Romaniuk

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Stars, Sky, Primary (astronomy), Gamma-ray burst, media_common
Abstract

"Pi of the Sky" is a detector designed for search for optical flashes of cosmic origin in the sky. Its primary goal is to look for optical afterglows associated with the gamma ray bursts (GRB) but it is capable to detect also other optical transients of extragalactic origin. The apparatus consists of two arrays of 16 cameras each, which allow for simultaneous observation of large part of the sky. Thanks to on-line data analysis in real time, it has self-triggering capability and can react to external triggers with negative time delay. The prototype with two cameras has been installed at Las Campanas (Chile) and is operational from July 2004. General idea of experiment, the apparatus and its performance will be presented.

Published
2006

29. Low noise CCD cameras for wide field astronomy

Author

Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Lech Mankiewicz, Grzegorz Wrochna, W. Dominik, Aleksander Burd, Henryk Czyrkowski, Marcin Grajda, R. Dabrowski, and S. Stankiewicz

Subjects
Astronomical Objects, Signal processing, Data acquisition, Analogue electronics, Sky, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Electronic engineering, Video processing, Field-programmable gate array, Data transmission, media_common
Abstract

Modem research trends require observation of fainter and fainter astronomical objects on large areas of the sky. This implies usage of systems with high temporal and optical resolution with computer based data acquisition and processing. Therefore Charge Coupled Devices became so popular. They offer quick picture conversion with much better quality than film based technologies. This work is theoretical and practical study of the CCD based picture acquisition system. The system was optimized for "Pi of The Sky" project. But it can be adapted to another professional astronomical researches. The work includes issue of picture conversion, signal acquisition, data transfer and mechanical construction of the device.

Published
2006

30. Pi of the sky: search for optical flashes of extragalactic origin

Author

Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Marcin Sokolowski, Maciej Górski, K. Kwiecinska, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Henryk Czyrkowski, Aleksander Burd, M. Cwiok, Marcin Grajda, R. Dabrowski, Bogumił Pilecki, J. Mrowca-Ciulacz, Lech Mankiewicz, W. Dominik, K. Krupska, D. M. Szczygiel, M. Molak, Grzegorz Wrochna, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, S. Stankiewicz, J. Uzycki, and Grzegorz Kasprowicz

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Sky, Primary (astronomy), media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, Afterglow, media_common
Abstract

"Pi of the Sky" is a detector designed for search for optical flashes of the cosmic origin in the sky. Its primary goal is to look for optical afterglows associated with the gamma ray bursts (GRB), but it is capable to detect also other optical transients of extragalactic origin. The apparatus consists of two arrays of 16 cameras each, which allow for simultaneous observation of the whole sky. Due to on-line data analysis in the real time, it has self-triggering capability and can react to external triggers with negative time delay. The prototype with two cameras has been installed at Las Campanas (Chile) and is operational from July 2004. General idea of experiment, the apparatus and its performance will be presented. Physical results will be reviewed and perspectives for the future will be outlined.

Published
2005

31. 'Pi of the Sky' - all-sky, real-time search for fast optical transients

Author

Marcin Sokolowski, Marcin Grajda, D. M. Szczygiel, M. Jegier, Arkadiusz Kalicki, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, M. Cwiok, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Aleksander Burd, Lech Mankiewicz, Grzegorz Wrochna, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Bogumił Pilecki, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, W. Dominik, Krzysztof Kierzkowski, K. Krupska, M. Husejko, R. Dabrowski, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, Henryk Czyrkowski, Rafal Salanski, and K. Kwiecinska

Subjects
Physics, Real-time Search, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Gamma-ray burst, Instrumentation, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, media_common
Abstract

An apparatus to search for optical flashes in the sky is described. It has been optimized for optical counterparts of gamma ray bursts (GRB). It consists of 2 × 16 cameras covering all the sky. The sky is monitored continuously and the data are analyzed on-line. The apparatus has self-triggering capability and can react to external triggers with negative delay. The prototype with two cameras has been installed at Las Campanas (Chile) and is operational from July 2004. The paper presents the general idea of the experiment and describes the apparatus in detail. The performance of the prototype is briefly reviewed and perspectives for the future are outlined.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. [Untitled]

Author

Robert Grzywacz, M. Pomorski, J. Pereira, K. Miernik, Henryk Czyrkowski, T. N. Ginter, S. Suchyta, R. Dabrowski, M. Pfützner, Karl Maier, J.W. Johnson, K. P. Rykaczewski, W. Dominik, Sean Liddick, Andreas Stolz, Thomas Baumann, C. Mazzocchi, A. Kaminski, and S. Mianowski

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Time projection chamber, Decay energy, General Physics and Astronomy, Half-life, Neutron, Charged particle
Abstract

The decay of the extremely neutron deficient {sup 48}Ni was studied by means of an imaging time projection chamber which allowed recording tracks of charged particles. Four decays with two-proton tracks clearly corresponding to two-proton radioactivity were registered, providing the first direct evidence for this decay mode in {sup 48}Ni. The half-life of {sup 48}Ni is determined to be T{sub 1/2} = 2.1{sub -0.4}{sup +1.4} ms. The measured decay energy is 1.28(6) MeV.

Published
2012

33. Pattern Comparator Trigger (PACT) for the muon system of the CMS experiment

Author

Frank Klefenz, P. Gorodenski, Marcin Konecki, G. Walzel, M. Pimiä, W. Dominik, I G Kudla, E. Radermancher, M. Andlinger, M. Lewandowski, Henryk Czyrkowski, Reinhard Männer, M. Della Negra, R. Dabrowski, Gy L. Bencze, M. Szeptycka, G. Wrochna, Á. Csilling, F. Szoncso, Alexander Kluge, Jan Krolikowski, C.-E. Wulz, Z. Mazur, Christopher Seez, K. Sulowski, and Maciej Górski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Comparator, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, High momentum, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Level trigger, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation
Abstract

The general scheme for the fast, pipelined first level trigger on high pt muons in the CMS detector at LHC is presented. The prototype PACT system was tested in the high momentum muon beams in the RD5 experiment during 1993/94 runs. The obtained efficiency curves are shown.

Published
1994

34. ?? of the Sky? - automated search for fast optical transients over the whole sky

Author

Aleksander Burd, Bogumił Pilecki, Rafal Salanski, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Marcin Sokolowski, S. Stankiewicz, R. Dabrowski, Henryk Czyrkowski, M. Cwiok, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Lech Mankiewicz, Marcin Grajda, D. M. Szczygiel, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Grzegorz Wrochna, W. Dominik, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, M. Jegier, and Grzegorz Kasprowicz

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Observatory, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electronic systems, media_common
Abstract

Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland Center for Theoretical Physics PAN, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 00-668 Warsaw, Poland Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw University, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland

Published
2004

35. Development of calorimeters using thin chambers operating in a high gain mode

Author

Gideon Bella, Henryk Czyrkowski, Giora Mikenberg, S. Majewski, R. Walczak, N. Lupu, J. Walker, R. Mir, P. Fink, R. Nowak, J. Kalo, N. Horwitz, D. Revel, and J. Cohen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Mode (statistics), Hadron calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Optics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A new type of thin multiwire proportional chamber detector operating in a high gain mode has been developed. Its characteristics have been optimized for calorimetric use. Two setups consisting of ten such detectors (electromagnetic calorimeter) interlaced with lead plates of 6 mm thickness and with iron plates of 8 cm thickness (hadron calorimeter) were tested. The characteristics of these detectors operating in calorimetric environments have been investigated and compared with theoretical expectations.

Published
1986

36. Design of T-GEM detectors for X-ray diagnostics on JET

Author

Katarzyna Jakubowska, Tomasz Czarski, K.-D. Zastrow, Henryk Czyrkowski, Maryna Chernyshova, Krzysztof Kierzkowski, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, M. Scholz, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Leslaw Karpinski, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, R. Dabrowski, S. G. J. Tyrrell, W. Dominik, Z. Salapa, P. Blanchard, and J. Rzadkiewicz

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Photon, GEM, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation, Detector, X-ray, Plasma radiation, Ion, Nuclear physics, Optics, Electrode, High Energy Physics::Experiment, X-ray measurements, business, Instrumentation, MPGD
Abstract

Upgraded high-resolution X-ray diagnostics on JET is expected to monitor the plasma radiation emitted by W46+ and Ni26+ ions at 2.4 keV and 7.8 keV photon energies, respectively. Both X-ray lines will be monitored by new generation energy-resolved micropattern gas detectors with 1-D position reconstruction capability. The detection structure is based on triple GEM (T-GEM) amplification structure followed by the strip readout electrode. This article presents a design of new detectors and prototype detector tests. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

37. Apparatus to search for optical flashes of extragalactic origin

Author

Krzysztof T. Pozniak, Aleksander Burd, Grzegorz Wrochna, Marcin Sokolowski, L.W. Piotrowskr, Lech Mankiewicz, S. Stankiewicz, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, M. Jegier, Krzysztof Nawrocki, W. Dominik, R. Dabrowski, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, K. Kwiecinska, M. Cwiok, Marcin Grajda, D. M. Szczygiel, Bogumił Pilecki, Rafal Salanski, and Henryk Czyrkowski

Subjects
Data stream, Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, Flash (photography), Observational astronomy, Sky, Particle physics experiments, Gamma-ray burst, media_common
Abstract

An apparatus is described to search for optical, point-like flashes in the sky at the time scale of seconds. Such flashes are expected to accompany gamma ray bursts (GRB) observed routinely by satellites and proven to be of extragalactic origin. So far only one such flash has been recorded shortly after the GRB, because standard methods of observational astronomy are not suitable for the time scale of seconds. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on experience from particle physics experiments. An apparatus is described which monitors the sky continuously. The large data stream is analysed on-line and potentially interesting events are selected by a multilevel trigger system. In the first phase of the project the apparatus consists of two CCD cameras, especially designed for this project and a robotic mount used to scan interesting regions of the sky. In the second phase the experiment will consist of two sets of 16 cameras on fixed mounts, covering almost all visible sky.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results