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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Difference in blood and peritoneal glucose (DBPG) is used in clinical practice to support a diagnosis of septic peritonitis in horses. It is inexpensive, easy and rapid to perform. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the DBPG to differentiate between septic and non-septic peritonitis in horses. Blood and peritoneal fluids were harvested from suspected animals. Plasma and peritoneal glucose levels, total nucleated cell count, direct microscopic and microbiological examinations of the peritoneal fluid were evaluated. Using DBPG levels, the animals were classified into two groups: difference ≥ 50 mg/dL (positive test) and difference < 50 mg/dL (negative test). Positive microbiological examination and/or presence of bacteria in direct microscopic examination was used as a gold standard to detect septic peritonitis. The accuracy parameters analysed were: sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values, for which the results were respectively: 0.23, 0.91, 0.60 and 0.67. Due to poor accuracy, other cut-off margins and peritoneal glucose concentrations were evaluated. The test was considered most accurate when the DBPG was zero with sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values of 0.85, 0.82, 0.73, 0.90 respectively. Peritoneal glucose concentrations alone were not a reliable feature to detect peritonitis. DBPG ≥50 mg/dL, widely used for the diagnosis of septic peritonitis, does not have a good accuracy and the DBPG = 0 has a better accuracy for detecting the disease. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: 2016/08712-8 e 2018/ 16013-8

Resumen Introducción. En el ciclo de producción de los bovinos de leche, el tiempo de crecimiento de las terneras representan un período de gastos y poco retorno para el productor, sin embargo, la preparación de hembras saludables durante este período es fundamental para incorporar al hato hembras productivas que garanticen el retorno financiero. Objetivo. Determinar los parámetros productivos y bovinométricos de las filiales uno (F1) y dos (F2) producto del cruce entre las razas de bovinos Kiwi Cross x Holstein. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo se realizó en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), ubicado en Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Se utilizaron veinte hembras F1 (½ Kiwi Cross – ½ Holstein-Friesian) y veinte F2 (¾ Kiwi Cross – ¼ Holstein-Friesian). Se registraron y compararon variables productivas y bovinométricas durante el primer y sétimo mes de edad. Resultados. Las terneras F1 en el tercer mes presentaron mayor peso en comparación a las F2 (158,9±2,5 vs 115±2,5 kg, respectivamente). Ambas generaciones presentaron una disminución de ganancia diaria de peso entre el tercer y sétimo mes de edad. En el sétimo mes las terneras F1 presentaron mayores valores en comparación a las F2 en las variables perímetro de tórax (126,5±1,0 cm vs 116,9±0,9 cm), altura a la cruz (102,4±0,7 cm vs 97,0±0,7 cm), altura al anca (107,3±0,7 vs 101,2±0,7 cm), distancia entre íleon e isquion (34,5±0,4 vs 32,3±0,4 cm) y distancia entre isquiones (11,2±0,1 vs 10,2±0,1 cm). Conclusión. Entre el tercer y séptimo mes de edad se observaron las principales diferencias entre las dos filiales en la mayoría de las variables, a medida que se aumentó el porcentaje de Kiwi Cross, se obtuvieron animales de menor tamaño y peso. Abstract Introduction. In the dairy cattle production cycle, the calf growth time represents a period of expenses and little return for the producer, however, the preparation of healthy females during this period is essential to incorporate productive females into the herd that guarantee the financial return. Objective. To determine the productive and bovinometric parameters of the subsidiaries one (F1) and two (F2) resulting from the cross between the Kiwi Cross x Holstein breeds. Materials and methods. This work was carried out at the Obonuco Research Center of the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), located in Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Twenty F1 (½ Kiwi Cross - ½ Holstein-Friesian) and twenty F2 (¾ Kiwi Cross - ¼ Holstein-Friesian) calves were used. Production and bovinometric variables were registered during the first and seventh month of age. Results. F1 calves in the third month showed greater weight compared to the F2 (158.9±2.5 vs. 115±2.5 kg, respectively). Both generations showed a decrease in daily weight gain between the third and seventh month of age. In the seventh month, the F1 calves showed higher values compared to the F2 in the variables perimeter of the thorax (126.5±1.0 cm vs 116.9±0.9 cm), height at the cross (102.4±0.7 cm vs 97.0±0.7 cm), height at the haunch (107.3±0.7 vs 101.2±0.7 cm), distance between ileum and ischium (34.5±0, 4 vs 32.3±0.4 cm) and distance between sitting bones (11.2±0.1 vs. 10.2±0.1 cm). Conclusion. Between the third and seventh month of age, the main differences between the two subsidiaries were observed in most of the variables, as the percentage of Kiwi Cross increased, animals of smaller size and weight were obtained.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory response of miniature horses subjected to open and half-closed orchiectomy by physical examination, blood cell count, peritoneal fluid evaluation, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Methods: Thirteen male healthy miniature horses were divided into two groups, according to the surgical approach: half-closed technique (HCT) and open technique (OT). The HCT group was subjected to ligation of the spermatic cord followed by its sharp incision, and closure of the vaginal tunic, and the OT group was only submitted to cord ligation. Prior to, and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after the surgery, a general and specific physical examination, blood cell counts, total plasma protein, peritoneal fluid evaluation, fibrinogen, and SAA concentrations were performed. Results: Higher postoperative perilesional oedema, rectal temperature, and fibrinogen were observed in the HCT group. Groups did not differ as to SAA concentrations. The evaluated local and systemic inflammatory profile demonstrated that, as expected, surgery resulted in inflammation in both groups. Conclusions: The group subjected to the HCT showed a more intense and lasting inflammatory response. However, despite the different postoperative inflammatory profiles, both groups presented a favourable outcome and recovery. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Intraperitoneal ceftriaxone administration in healthy horses results in high and prolonged peritoneal concentrations. Recent findings suggest that intraperitoneal ceftriaxone might increase survival rates in horses affected by peritonitis. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma and peritoneal concentrations of ceftriaxone after intraperitoneal administration in horses with septic peritonitis. Twenty-six horses presenting clinical, laboratorial, and sonographic findings compatible with the disease were included. All horses received daily intraperitoneal ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg bwt) in addition or not with other antibiotics and support therapies. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma and peritoneal ceftriaxone concentrations before and after 12 and 24 hours of ceftriaxone administration. Mean plasma concentrations 12 and 24 hours after administration were, respectively, 1.84 ± 0.43 and 0.37 ± 0.07 μg/mL, and mean peritoneal concentrations were 5.7 ± 2.84 and 0.42 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Ceftriaxone concentration was lower in comparison with previous studies in healthy horses and presented under the minimal inhibitory concentration for enterobacteria (≤1 μg/mL) and for gram-positive isolates (≤0.5 μg/mL) at 24 hours. The variation of the results obtained between healthy horses and with septic peritonitis demonstrated that pharmacokinetics/dynamics are different between these patients and suggests the use of an interval of dose of 12 hours. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: # 2016/08713-8

Introduction. During decades, milk production in the Nariño state has depended on the Holstein breed. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate a model of milk production that allows to decrease production costs and in turn improves the compositional quality of the milk. Objective. This study aimed to compare milk production and compositional quality of Holstein (HO) and the crossbreed between Kiwi Cross (KC) x HO. Materials and methods: Monthly milk production in HO cows (n=30) and the ones from the F1 of the KC x HO cross (n=40), was measured by adjusting the day in milk (DIM) and milk production by third of lactation, fat, protein and total solids. For the period between October 2016 and May 2017, 9,809 dairy production records were analyzed. Results: Maximum production was 25.8 ± 0.53 vs. 23.2 ± 0.53 l day-1 for HO vs. KC cows (p

Introduction.The production and commercialization of raw milk in Nariño, Colombia, follows microbiological and compositional standards on which payment for quality is made. However, quality can be affected during its transport after milking.Objective.To describe the microbiological and compositional quality of raw milk in the highland tropic.Materials and methods.The study was carried out in seven municipalities in the department of Nariño, Colombia, during the rainy season between February and July of 2017. Two milk samples from the same milk can were collected, one after milking (farm; n = 10), and the second at the collection point (tank; n = 10). In each sample, the following variables were evaluated: height above the sea level of the collection site, aerobic mesophilic count (CFU), total coliform count (COL), milk temperature, fat (FAT), protein (PC) and total solids (TS).Results.The temperature of the milk was higher on the farm compared to the tank (30±0.68 vs. 23±0.87 °C, respectively). The aerobic mesophilic count was higher in the tank vs. farm (116,470 vs. 41,388 CFU ml-1, respectively). The temperature of the milk was negatively correlated with the distance and the transport time of the milk (-0.86 and -0.84, respectively). The compositional quality of the milk was not affected by transport conditions.Conclusion.In the high tropic conditions, the microbiological quality of raw milk was negatively affected by the increase in the aerobic mesophilic counts. Introducción.La producción y comercialización de leche cruda en Nariño, Colombia, se rige bajo estándares microbiológicos y composicionales sobre los cuales se efectúa el pago por calidad. Sin embargo, la calidad se puede ver afectada debido al transporte posterior al ordeño.Objetivo.Describir la calidad microbiológica y composicional de la leche cruda en el trópico alto.Materiales y métodos.El estudio fue realizado en siete municipios del departamento de Nariño, Colombia, durante la temporada de lluvias comprendida entre los meses de febrero a julio del año 2017. Se recolectaron dos muestras de leche de la misma lata de leche, una después del ordeño (granja; n = 10), y la segunda en el punto de recogida (tanque; n = 10). En cada muestra se evaluaron las siguientes variables: altura sobre el nivel del mar del lugar de colecta, conteo de mesófilos aerobios (UFC), conteo de coliformes totales (COL), temperatura de la leche, grasa (GR), proteína (PR) y sólidos totales (ST).Resultados.La temperatura de la leche fue mayor en la finca comparada con el tanque (30±0,68 vs. 23±0,87 °C, respectivamente). El recuento de mesófilos aerobios fue mayor en el tanque vs. finca (116,470 vs. 41,388 CFU ml-1, respectivamente). La temperatura de la leche fue correlacionada negativamente con la distancia y el tiempo de transporte de la leche (-0,86 y -0,84, respectivamente). La calidad composicional de la leche no la afectó las condiciones de transporte.Conclusión.En las condiciones del trópico alto, la calidad microbiológica de la leche cruda estuvo afectada de manera negativa por el aumento en el recuento de mesófilos aerobios.

Em bovinos, as enfermidades parasitárias causam prejuízos econômicos e produtivossignificativos. Além disso, comprometem a saúde e o bem-estar animal. Tratando-se maisespecificamente dos endoparasitas, um fator agravante é a apresentação insidiosa dadoença, e assim, são subdiagnosticados e/ou negligenciados. Por isso, a realização deestudos epidemiológicos de parasitas são ferramentas úteis para a identificação dasespécies de helmintos, bem como para avaliar as suas prevalências e os graus de infecçãonos animais. Com base nessas informações, medidas de profilaxia e prevenção podem sermais bem delineadas. Apesar da relevância destes tipos de estudos, há escassez deresultados recentes e atualizados sobre a situação de rebanhos bovinos frente aoparasitismo. Desta maneira, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento retrospectivo deestudos epidemiológicos versando sobre endoparasitas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil,bem como de outros países de clima semelhante ao do Brasil, que foram categorizadas deacordo com seus climas tropical, subtropical e temperado

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Heat stress (HS) adversely influences productivity and welfare of dairy cattle. We hypothesized that the thermoregulatory mechanisms vary depending on the exposure time to HS, with a cumulative effect on the adaptive responses and thermal strain of the cow. To identify the effect of HS on adaptive thermoregulatory mechanisms and predictors of caloric balance, Holstein cows were housed in climate chambers and randomly distributed into thermoneutral (TN; n= 12) or HS (n= 12) treatments for 16 days. Vaginal temperature (VT), rectal temperature (Tre), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured. The temperature and humidity under TN were 25.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C and 73.0 +/- 0.8%, respectively, and under HS were 36.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 60.9 +/- 0.9%, respectively. The RR of the HS cows increased immediately after exposure to heat and was higher (76.02 +/- 1.70 bpm, p < 0.001) than in the TN (39.70 +/- 0.71 bpm). An increase in Tre (39.87 +/- 0.07 degrees C in the HS vs. 38.56 +/- 0.03 degrees C in the TN, p < 0.001) and in VT (39.82 +/- 0.10 degrees C in the HS vs. 38.26 +/- 0.03 degrees C in the TN, p < 0.001) followed the increase in RR. A decrease (p < 0.05) in HR occurred in the HS (62.13 +/- 0.99 bpm) compared with the TN (66.23 +/- 0.79 bpm); however, the magnitude of the differences was not the same over time. The DMI was lower in HS cows from the third day (8.27 +/- 0.33 kg d(-1) in the HS vs. 14.03 +/- 0.29 kg d(-1) in the TN, p < 0.001), and the reduction of DMI was strongly affected (r= -0.65) by changes in the temperature humidity index. The effect of environmental variables from the previous day on physiological parameters and DMI was more important than the immediate effect, and ambient temperature represented the most determinant factor for heat exchange. The difference in the responses to acute and chronic exposure to HS suggests an adaptive response. Thus, intense thermal stress strongly influence thermoregulatory mechanisms and the acclimation process depend critically on heat exposure time. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Nutr, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Inst Anim Sci, Rua Heitor Penteado 56, BR-13460000 Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Anim Sci, Av Padua Dias 11, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Nutr, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2012/18297-7 FAPESP: 2013/20083-8

Este artículo discute los principales aspectos del uso de protocolos hormonales basados en la aplicación de estrógeno seguido de progestágeno en receptoras anovulatorias o acíclicas, sea en anestro o transición en los protocolos de transferencia de embriones. La mayoría de las yeguas presentan comportamiento poliéstrico estacional, con lo que manifiestan estro y ciclos ovulatorios en los periodos de mayor luminosidad diaria. El ciclo reproductivo anual de las yeguas es caracterizado por la presencia de cuatro fases definidas por la dinámica folicular: de anestro, de transición de primavera, ovulatoria y de transición de otoño. Durante las fases de transición y anestro, la incidencia de las ovulaciones disminuye o es nula, lo que dificulta la sincronización de las ovulaciones entre donadoras y receptoras durante la preparación para la transferencia de embriones. Algunos estudios han mostrado que las receptoras anovulatorias/acíclicas mantenidas con protocolos con base en esteroides presentan cambios uterinos similares a los que pasan en las yeguas gestantes. Sin embargo, no hay investigaciones suficientes que permitan aclarar el mejor protocolo de esteroides, con respecto a dosis, tiempos de tratamiento y vías de administración.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T02:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The effect of heat stress (HS) on cattle reproduction is deleterious with respect to ovarian follicular development and oocyte quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from cows maintained in thermoneutral (TN) or HS conditions on in vitro oocyte maturation. Nonlactating cows were estrous synchronized. Immediately after ovulation day (D1), the cows were randomly assigned to TN or HS environments. Follicular fluid from all follicles from each treatment was pooled, and EVs were obtained. Pools of 20 cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs), were allocated to the following treatments: Control (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium; TN (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium supplemented with TN EV suspension; and HS (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium that was supplemented with the HS EV suspension. All treatments were conducted at 38.5 degrees C for 24 h in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2. After maturation, the COCs were evaluated for meiotic progression, DNA integrity and oocyte quality-related gene expression. When the experimental groups were compared with the control group, a treatment effect was not observed for meiotic progression and DNA integrity. In the cumulus cells of TN group, there was relatively lesser expression of the IGFBP4 gene. In the oocytes of the TN as compared with the HS group, the IGFBP2, BMP15, GDF9, CDCAS, HAS2, RPL15, STAT3 and PFKP genes were expressed to a lesser extent. The findings indicated that oocytes matured in the presence of EVs from the follicular fluid of cows collected when there were TN conditions, however, there was a lesser expression of genes related to oocyte quality. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa SN, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Sci & Languages Assis, Assis, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Piracicaba, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa SN, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Sci & Languages Assis, Assis, Brazil FAPESP: 2012/18297-7

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Bovine follicular fluid (FF) constitutes the microenvironment of follicles and includes various biologically active proteins. We performed a study involving 18 healthy nonlactating Holstein cows to determine the protein expression profile of FF at key stages of follicular development. Follicles were individually aspirated in vivo at predeviation (F1 similar to 7.0 mm), deviation (F1 similar to 8.5 mm), postdeviation (F1 similar to 12.0 mm), and preovulatory stages of follicle development, which were confirmed by measurement of follicular estradiol and progesterone concentrations. The FFs from nine cows were selected for proteomic analysis. After albumin depletion, triplicates of pooled FF were reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were labeled with TMTsixplex and quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. A total of 143 proteins were identified and assigned to a variety of biological processes, including response to stimulus and metabolic processes. Twenty-two differentially (P < 0.05) expressed proteins were found between stages indicating intrafollicular changes over development, with expected deviation time critical to modulate the protein expression. For instance, high concentrations of follistatin, inhibin, serglycin, spondin-1, fibrinogen, and anti-testosterone antibody were found during early stages of follicular development. In contrast, apolipoprotein H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, plasminogen, antithrombin-III, and immunoglobulins were increased after deviation. Among the differentially abundant proteins, 19 were found to be associated with steroidogenesis. Pathway analysis identified proteins that were mainly associated with the acute phase response signaling, coagulation system, complement system, liver/retinoid X receptor activation, and biosynthesis of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen. The differentially expressed proteins provide insights into the size-dependent protein changes in the ovarian follicle microenvironment that could influence follicular function. Summary Sentence The protein dynamic changes in ovarian follicle microenvironment during the follicle development are critical for follicular maturation and influence follicular function in cows. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet Med, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow Poly Facil, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2012/18297-7 FAPESP: 2013/20083-8 FAPESP: 2014/21257-2