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British Council 'Alliance' grant [09.014]; Scottish Alliance for Geosciences, Environment and Society (SAGES); EU FP7 project HYPOX [226213]; Swire Educational Trust for Hsieh's scholarship at University College, University of Oxford We thank the crew of R/V Calanus for sampling assistance. Sabine Cockenpot, Tristan Horner, Robyn Tuerena, and Xinyuan Zheng are also acknowledged for their assistance in sample collections. We thank John Howe for providing the bathymetry and sedimentary background of Loch Etive and Mark Inall for discussion of ocean mixing in Loch Etive. Willard Moore and Don Porcelli are also thanked for helpful discussion. Alex Thomas, Andrew Mason, and Steve Wyatt are acknowledged for assistance with mass spectrometry and laboratory support. W.G. and P.vB. were supported by the British Council 'Alliance' grant 09.014. W.G. was supported by the Scottish Alliance for Geosciences, Environment and Society (SAGES). The cabled mooring installation in Loch Etive was supported by EU FP7 project HYPOX (grant 226213). The Swire Educational Trust is thanked for Hsieh's scholarship at University College, University of Oxford. We are grateful to Bo Thamdrup, the associate editor, Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff, and an anonymous referee for very helpful reviews and constructive comments. 0 AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY WACO LIMNOL OCEANOGR; The radium (Ra) quartet (Ra-228, Ra-226, Ra-224, and Ra-223) has been investigated in Loch Etive, a Scottish fjord, to provide new constraints on water mixing rates and on the inputs of Ra from sediments. Maximum water transport rates for the inflowing estuarine layer at 5 m depth, determined from the excess Ra-223 (Ra-223(ex)), indicate that this water travels at no more than 2.4 +/- 0.2 cm s(-1) net and that it takes 17 +/- 2 d for waters to travel from the mouth to the head of the loch if no horizontal mixing is taken into account. Alternatively, neglecting advection, the short-lived Ra distribution could be explained by horizontal mixing rates of 6.1 x 10(6) cm(2) s(-1) (Ra-223(ex)) or 9.1 x 10(6) cm(2) s(-1) (Ra-224(ex)). Periodic overturning circulation plays an important role in resetting chemical cycles in the isolated deep basin of the inner loch. Sediment in this deep basin provides the major input of Ra-228 to the isolated deep water, and the accumulation of Ra-228 in deep waters allows an assessment of sedimentary fluxes of Ra-228, a poorly constrained aspect of the Ra-228 input to the global ocean. The calculated sedimentary Ra-228 flux of 2.1 +/- 0.2 (x 10(9)) atoms m(-2) yr(-1) in the inner deep basin is comparable with previous measurements of sedimentary Ra-228 inputs from shelf sediments, supporting existing global Ra-228 budgets, which are used to assess global rates of groundwater discharge to the ocean.