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This publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible., Migration industry has recently emerged as a lens through which to theorise the intertwinement of non-state actors who aim to provide diverse migration-pertaining services. However, while much of their work is done in and through cities, consequently (re)forming variegated urban landscapes, scholarly literature has thus far neglected the nexus between cities and the migration industry. In this special issue, we begin filling this gap by exploring the significance of migration industries – as a resurgent concept and an area of research from migration studies – for understanding the urban. We start by reviewing the urbanisation of migration studies, highlighting its key limits. We then move on to introduce the migration industries debate, pointing out its existing implicit urban dimensions. We proceed by elaborating our main argument about why and how migration industries provide an especially productive lens for urbanists to consider. Specifically, we stress the three key analytical vantage points that the attention to migration industries enables us to see as central to contemporary city-making. These are its political-economic embeddedness, the urban-constitutive nature of trans-local connectivities, and how business-driven city-making dovetails with more serendipitous, bottom-up shaping of the arrival city. Each of these points also describes how individual papers speak to them. We conclude by briefly outlining a research agenda for migration industries that is thoughtfully embroiled in the (post-)pandemic urban.

Through exploring the spatial conditions and materializations of caring practices and relations, this chapter aims at developing an urban(ized) understanding of care. It thereby seeks to interweave care debates into conceptual debates in urban studies and planning theory. The chapter discusses the tension between fields of care and ‘uncare’ as an analytical lens to situate care debates—and the ambivalences unfolding around them—within broader theoretical debates on cities, urbanization, and urban life. By taking a spatial perspective and by fostering an understanding of care geographies, three perspectives are developed: 1) How the scale of analysis and research in urban theory contributes to a wider understanding of the changing landscape of care; 2) how moments of presence and of encounters in public space allow both the acknowledgment and alteration of caring infrastructures; and 3) how care and crisis are fundamentally linked, and how care perspectives bear a potential to move analytical prisms beyond crisis-centered narratives.

The Solidarity City movement that has emerged in Europe over the past few years shows the growing significance of urban policy coalitions for the struggle against the rightward drift and the ever more restrictive border and migration policies at the national and European level. In this context, the notion of urban citizenship has become an important point of reference when it comes to the question of how cities can counter repressive European border regimes and foster access to rights for non-citizens and cultural pluralism on a local level. Drawing from the authors’ empirical research on various European cities, as well as from the literature on global social inequalities, urban citizenship and radical cosmopolitanism, this chapter investigates the Solidarity City networks and the ways they envision new forms of citizenship.

In recent years, the concept of ‘urban citizenship’ has become an important reference for cities and municipalities positioning themselves in the context of the European border and migration regime. However, the reference often falls short. Especially in the case of urban policies focusing on ‘diversity’, the affinity to neoliberal ideas of citizenship is noticeable. The article analyses the European ‘Intercultural Cities Programme’ (ICC), in which more than 100 cities participate, as an example for this trend. Here, the meaning of citizenship is being shifted

In this symposium, we explore how urban citizenship is about expressing, if not producing, difference, and how fragmentation of claims affects urban citizenship and right to the city movements with their universal, all-inclusive ideals. Investigating social movements, political participation and conflicting diversities in public space in Tel Aviv and Berlin, we see a trend towards a diversification of interests, a weakening of movements, and even a competition over rights and resources rather than a development of mutual support and solidarities among various groups on the pathway to a livable city. This tension, we argue, deserves attention. Radical urban scholarship and politics need to better understand the historical and place-specific contexts that structure the formation of citizenship claims and the courses that citizenship struggles take. Celebrations of urban citizenship as a more contextualized, community oriented, and bottom-up framework (in comparison to national citizenship) should therefore be complemented by a careful investigation of their fragmented and fragmenting practices.

Based on a comparison of Berlin and Tel Aviv, this article investigates the ways in which ensembles of participatory instruments mediate between neoliberal urban regimes and political agency shaping differentially the meaning of participation and the types of claims that can be advanced. The article gives an overview of the recent history of both cities through the lens of participatory politics. Two in-depth case studies further examine the relationship between participatory politics and claim making in each setting: the recent conflict over a social center in the district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in Berlin and the Levinsky tent city of 2011 in Tel Aviv. In the concluding section, the article suggests that, rather than assuming that participatory tools either co-opt movements or can be appropriated by them, we need to rethink the relationship between participatory tools, rights and recognition, and ask how participatory structures and political agency constitute each other in interwoven dynamics.

This chapter offers an introduction into the debates that provide the framework for my analysis. It presents a short overview of recent struggles over public space in Berlin and the shift towards new forms of activism at the intersection between protest and participation. The chapter explains in more detail the two examples of recent participatory processes in order to identify some of the dynamics through which movement building and the advancement of claims can be either furthered or blocked. It summarizes the arguments and outlines some of the implications for further research as well as for urban activism. The case of Berlin reveals that struggles over public space and public goods are shifting under the conditions of neoliberal urban governance. It is important to note that urban activism, participatory planning, and deliberative democracy should not be simply equated with each other.

Der Artikel stellt die vor allem in der angloamerikanischen Literatur virulente Urban-Citizenship-Debatte ausführlich vor und diskutiert deren Potenziale für die kritische Stadt- und Migrationsforschung. Der Ansatz wird als besonders innovativ eingeschätzt, da er einerseits die Perspektive des städtischen Regierens der Migration aufwirft und dabei gleichzeitig in der Lage ist, migrantische Akteure und migrantische agency jenseits ethnisierender und kulturalistischer Paradigmen zu thematisieren. Im Kontext neoliberaler Subjektivierungspolitiken in der Stadt setzt sich der Artikel darüber hinaus mit der Prozess- und Konflikthaftigkeit von Citizenship-Dynamiken auseinander sowie mit zunehmenden Fragmentierungsprozessen, die zu neuen städtischen Akteurskonstellationen führen.

Since the first signing of the Schengen Agreement in 1985, Europe's borders have been changing profoundly. New actors, rules and institutions have emerged and transformed the character of the European border regime. This paper argues that cities play a crucial role in this process. They have become an important arena, where the re-categorization and re-scaling of spaces and borders, and the expansion and diversification of the modes of control and enforcement within Europe take place. These dynamics are contradictory, however, as examples from Germany and Italy show: on the one hand, local state agencies, as well as private and semi-private institutions on the local scale increasingly participate in the monitoring and in the enforcement of migrants' legal statuses. On the other hand, local actors and institutions are also carving out place-specific spaces of rights and recognition for migrants. This dual process turns the urban realm into a conflictive site of negotiating, shaping and interconnecting loca...

Keywords: Borders, Citizenship, Cities, Europe, Schengen Schlagworter: Grenzen, Burgerschaft, Stadt, Europa, Schengen

The election of Barack Obama was possible because he was supported by a broad movement including many parts of the US-Left. The article analyzes the heterogeneous composition of this movement Obamas development during the election campaign and the expectations of the US-Left.

Entrepreneurial urban politics not only aim at up-grading a locality for interurban competition. Under the label of New Public Management, they also remodel the city administration according to economic criteria of efficency. As a result, the political arena for urban social movements is undergoing severe changes. In the case of Berlin, New Public Management reforms seem to disadvantage grassroots groups that protest the privatization of public space, and lead to a political gap between social movements and left political parlamentarians.

Over the past 25 years, Berlin has undergone a rapid process of neoliberalization. This article argues that the city’s transformation has been heavily crisis-driven and fueled by a strong political agenda. Two watershed events are crucial for an in-depth understanding of the dynamics at work: The collapse of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989, followed by a neo-conservative and nationalist, entrepreneurial strategy for the reunified German Capital; and the financial crisis of 2001, which brought a coalition between Social-Democrats and Socialists into power that strongly emphasized Berlin’s (sub-)cultural and cosmopolitan identity, but effectively put the city on a fierce austerity track.

A review of the book "The Point Is to Change it: Geographies of Hope and Survival in an Age of Crisis," edited by Noel Castree, Paul A. Chatterton, Nik Heynen, Wendy Larner, and Melissa W. Wright is presented.

Der Begriff „citizenship“ bildet eine zentrale Kategorie in der Migrationsforschung. Wahrend er im Deutschen umgangssprachlich meist mit „Staatsburgerschaft“ ubersetzt und damit auf die Frage „Pass oder nicht?“ verengt wird, ist der Begriff im Englischen weitaus vielschichtiger. Zwar wird er auch hier als Bezeichnung fur die „Staatsangehorigkeit“ benutzt, daruber hinaus bezieht er sich jedoch auf die Frage nach gesellschaftlichen Teilhaberechten bzw. Teilhabepolitiken.

The article reviews the book "Remaking Urban Citizenship. Organizations, Institutions, and the Right to the City," edited by Michael Peter Smith and Michael McQuarrie.

The article presents a review of the book "The Next Los Angeles: The Struggle for a Livable City," by Robert Gottlieb, Mark Villianatos, Regina M. Freer and Peter Dreier.

All along the European border, the year 2006 set new records: Spanish authorities reported 6,000 refugees dead, drowned in the Atlantic Ocean while trying to reach the Canary Islands, off West Africa.1 Hundreds more suffocated in containers, trucks, and cargo boats in the ports of London, Dublin, and Rotterdam, or froze to death in Eastern Europe. Others, locked up in one of the innumerable internment camps spread all over the heart of Europe and North Africa, desperately decided to end their own lives.2 At the same time, Europe reported the lowest rate in years of refugees officially seeking asylum. This list obviously doesn't point to a more peaceful world. What it indicates instead is that in Europe the criteria and procedures for securing legal refugee status have become so restrictive that most migrants no longer bother to apply for it. In 2006, Germany for example counted only 20,000 petitions for political asylum, the lowest number since 1977. If we include the member states of the European Union (EU), that number rises to 200,000.3 However, the real story of the border regime, and its constriction of the category for legal entrance and residence, is in the rising body countThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.