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The massive planting of exotic species under the so-called forestry model has dramatically transformed the landscapes of south-central Chile, replacing diverse agricultural, livestock and forest landscapes with forest monocultures, which are highly water-consuming and prone to massive fires. This has meant a productive simplification, and peasant communities have been displaced and stripped of their traditional ways of life. However, in this landscape of disaster, biotic communities of fungi have flourished, and with them human communities of collectors have learned to sustain themselves in a monocultural and privatized scenario. This paper is based on a multi-local ethnographic approach, built upon 26 semi-structured interviews, participant observation, social mapping, creating a calendar and a trend line. The text documents the processes of two communities affected by massive fires which have developed organization, agencies and practices. Mushrooms (callampas in Chilean Spanish) are claimed as a common good derived from the forestry model, claiming access to their use and usufruct of land belonging to forestry companies. They have also developed local governance systems for the care and better use of this new resource for common use. Forestry companies, for their part, try to subsume these practices in their territorial governance processes, disputing these commons' meaning and purpose. Both cases contribute to empirically address the central thesis of this article, according to which communalization exercises within contexts of capitalist expansion constitute responses of survival, resistance and adaptation in landscapes transformed and devastated by extractivist industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse theoretic and methodological perceptions about food anthropology have participated, directly or indirectly, in the construction of politics and alimentary intervention in Latin America. This article is about the identification and discussion of these approaches, from an analytic point of view of scientific knowledge in its politic context of emergence and application. This analytic perspective is constituted for the confluence of applied and development anthropology developments, and allows presenting the trajectory of anthropology in the nourishment field from theoretical-disciplinary contexts towards politic and programmatic contexts. The idea of this description is to analyze the alliances between anthropological knowledge and politic practice, and the manner in which the theoretical and methodological suggestions of food anthropology were filling spaces in contexts of food politic construction and intervention processes. The main interest is to think about relations among the anthropology and society, its evolution, its possibilities and its actual challenges, emphasizing the emergence of new perspectives and new research problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]