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6. When the absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence: Nasa (Loasaceae) rediscoveries from Peru and Ecuador, and the contribution of community science networks

Author

Henning, Tilo, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, Cornejo, Xavier, Gonzáles, Paúl, Segovia, Edgar, Wong Sato, Akira Armando, and Weigend, Maximilian

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, specimen, threatened species, iNaturalist, conservation, Loasoideae, Andes, Plantae, Nasa, Biota, Cornales, Loasaceae
Abstract

Documentation of plant taxa has long been subject to the temporal and spatial selectivity of professional research expeditions, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, rare and/or narrowly endemic species are sometimes known only from very few and very old herbarium specimens. However, these taxa are very important from a conservation perspective. The lack of observations of living plants and confirmation of the actual occurrence of taxa hinders the planning and implementation of effective conservation measures. Community science networks have recently made tremendous contributions to documenting biodiversity in many regions across the globe. The rediscovery of six species of Nasa (Loasaceae) from Peru and Ecuador primarily via the platform iNaturalist, is reported.

Published
2023

7. Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

Author

Gomes‐da‐silva, Janaína, Filardi, Fabiana L.R., Barbosa, Maria Regina V., Baumgratz, José Fernando A., Bicudo, Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti, Taciana, Coelho, Marcus A.N., Costa, Andrea, Costa, Denise, Dalcin, Eduardo Couto, Labiak, Paulo, Lima, Haroldo, Lohmann, Lúcia, Maia, Leonor, Mansano, Vidal, Menezes, Mariângela, Morim, Marli, Moura, Carlos Wallace N., Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Peralta, Denilson, Prado, Jefferson, Roque, Nádia, Stehmann, João Renato, Sylvestre, Lana, Trierveiler‐pereira, Larissa, Walter, Bruno M.T., Zimbrão, Geraldo, Forzza, Rafaela, Abreu, Fernanda, Abreu, Maria, Abreu, Vanessa H.R., Acuña‐castillo, Rafael, Afonso, Edgar A.L., Agra, Leandro A.N.N., Agra, Maria, Aguiar, Daniel P.P., Aires, Elisa, Almeda, Frank, Almeida, Gracineide S.S., Almeida, Mariana, Almeida, Nicolli B.C., Almeida, Rafael, Almeida, Roberto B.P., Almeida, Thaís, Almeida, Eduardo, Alves, Daniela, Alves, Flávio, Alves, Karina N.L., Alves, Maria B.B., Alves, Rodolfo, Amaral, Maria C.E., Amaral, André L.S., Amélio, Leandro, Amorim, André M.A., Amorim, Bruno, Amorim, Eduardo, Amorim, Vivian, Andrade, Ivanilza, Andrade, Ray, André, Thiago, Andreata, Regina H.P., Andrino, Caroline, Ângulo, María, Anjos, Cassiane, Antar, Guilherme, Antonicelli, Mirian C.A., Antunes, Lorena l.C., Aona, Lidyanne Y.S., Arana, Marcelo, Aranha, João L.M., Araújo, Anderson G.A., Araujo, Andréa, Araújo, Camila, Araujo, Cintia A.T., Araujo, Flávia, Araújo, Mário H.T., Arbo, Maria, Arnou, Emily, Asprino, Renata, Assis, Francine, Assis, Leandro C.S., Assis, Marta, Athayde Filho, Francisco, Athiê‐souza, Sarah, Azevedo, Igor H.F., Bacci, Lucas, Barbosa, Camilo V.O., Barbosa, Juliana, Barbosa‐silva, Rafael, Barcellos, Ian, Barboza, Gloria, Barcelos, Flávia R.B., Barcelos, Laísa, Barreto, Kamilla l., Barros, Fábio, Barros, Thamires l.A., Barros‐barreto, Maria B.B., Bastos, Cid J.P., Bastos, Cláudia, Batista, João A.N., Batista, Marcella M.I., Bautista, Hortencia, Benelli, Adarilda, Berguecio, Nicolás, Bernacci, Luís, Beyer, Maila, Bezerra, Andrea C.C., Bezerra, Luísa M.P.A., Bezerra, Yuri R.L., Bianchetti, Luciano, Bigio, Narcísio, Biral, Leonardo, Bissoli, Vinícius, Bittencourt, Felipe, Bochorny, Thuane, Bohn, Amabily, Bohs, Lynn, Bojacá, Gabriel F.P., Boldorini, Abril, Boldrini, Ilsi, Bolson, Mônica, Bordin, Juçara, Bordon, Natali, Borges, Rafael A.X., Borges, Rodrigo l., Bortoluzzi, Roseli l.C., Bove, Claudia, Bovini, Massimo, Braga, João M.A., Braga, Nayara S.S., Branco, Suema, Brauner, Laiana, Braz, Denise, Bringel, João B.A., Brito, Antonio l.V.T., Brito, Eliete, Bruniera, Carla, Buchoski, Monica, Buck, William, Bueno, Norma, Bueno, Vinicius, Büneker, Henrique, Bünger, Mariana, Buril‐vital, Maria T.A., Burton, George, Cabral, Andressa, Cabral, Elsa l., Cabral, Fernanda, Cabral, Tiara, Caddah, Mayara, Caires, Claudenir, Caires, Taiara, Calazans, Luana S.B., Caldas, Diana K.D., Calió, Maria, Calvo, Joel, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S., Camargo, Rodrigo, Camelo, Mel, Campos‐rocha, Antonio, Cândido, Elisa, Canestraro, Bianca, Canto‐dorow, Thais, Cantuária, Patrick, Cara, Álison l., Cárdenas, Gabriela, Cardoso, Andréia, Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S., Cardoso, Jesiane, Cardoso, Leandro J.T., Cardoso, Pedro, Cardozo, Andrey l., M.D. Cardozo, Nállarett, Carmo, Dimas, Carmo, João A.M., Carneiro, Camila, Carneiro, Cláudia, Carrijo, Tatiana, Caruzo, Maria B.R., Carvalho, Catarina, Carvalho, Dariane A.S., Carvalho, Fernanda, Carvalho, Maria l.S., Carvalho, Jefferson, Carvalho‐silva, Micheline, Castello, Ana C.D., Castro, Márcia, Castro E Silva, Isabella, Catenacci, Fernanda, Cavalcanti, Laise, Cavalheiro, Larissa, Cervi, Armando, Chacon, Roberta, Chagas, Aline, Chagas, Earl C.O., Chautems, Alain, Chauveau, Olivier, Chequín, Renata, Christ, Anderson l., Christ, Jheniffer, Cidrão, Bruno, Clark, Lynn, Coelho, Alexa A.O.P., Coelho, Guilherme, Coelho, Rubens l.G., Colletta, Gabriel, Colli‐silva, Matheus, Conceição, Adilva, Conceição, Tulio, Condack, João P.S., Contro, Fernanda l., Cordeiro, Inês, Cordeiro, Luciana, Cordeiro, Wesley P.F.S., Côrtes, Ana l.A., Costa, Daniel, Costa, Fabiane, Costa, Fernanda S.N., Costa, Francisco C.P., Costa, Géssica A.G., Costa, Isabelle G.C.M., Costa, Itayguara, Costa, Jeferson, Costa, Jorge A.S., Costa, José G.S., Costa, Maria T.R., Costa, Mitchel I.A., Costa, Suzana, Costa, Thiago, Costa, Tiago, Costa E Silva, Maria, Costa‐lima, James l., Cota, Matheus M.T., Couceiro, Yuri S.V., Coutinho, Thales, Couto, Dayvid, Couto, Ricardo, Couvo, Anielly, Cyrillo, Stephany, Dal Molin, Luis, Dalastra, Claudenice, Damasceno, Rafaella G.L., de Lazzari, Lara R.P., Deble, Leonardo, Delfini, Carolina, Delgado Junior, Geadelande, Delgado‐salinas, Alfonso, Della, Aline, Delprete, Piero, Dematteis, Massimiliano, Dettke, Greta, Devecchi, Marcelo, Dewes, Talita, Di Maio, Fernando, Dias, Kauê N.L., Dias, Micheli, Dias, Pedro, Díaz, Yani C.A., Dittrich, Vinícius A.O., Domínguez, Yoannis, Dórea, Marcos, Dorneles, Mariane, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Marilia, Duran, Juan D.T., Dutilh, Julie H.A., Dutra, Letícia l., Dutra, Valquíria, Echternacht, Livia, Eggers, Lilian, Erkens, Roy H.J., Eslabão, Marcelo, Espírito Santo, Fábio, Esser, Hans‐joachim, Essi, Liliana, Esteves, Gerleni l., Esteves, Roberto l., Everling, Joel, Ezcurra, Cecilia, Facco, Marlon, Fader, Andrea A.C., Falcão, Marcus J.A., Fantecelle, Laura, Farco, Gabriela, Faria, Allan l.A., Faria, Ana P.G., Faria, Aparecida, Faria, Maria, Faria, Jair, Farias, Sabrina, Farias‐singer, Rosana, Farinaccio, Maria, Fernandes, Ana, Fernandes, Fernando, Fernandes, José, Fernandes, Rozijane, Fernandes, Thiago, Fernandes, Ulisses, Fernandes, Aluisio, Fernando, Emanoel M.P., Ferreira, Carlos D.M., Ferreira, Fabrício, Ferreira, Gabriel, Ferreira, João P.R., Ferreira, Priscila P.A., Ferreira, Silvana, Ferrucci, María, Fiaschi, Pedro, Fidanza, Karina, Filgueiras, Tarciso, Firetti, Fabiana, Fleischmann, Andreas, Florentín, Javier, Florentín, Mariela, Flores, Andréia, Flores, Jerônimo M.M., Flores, Thiago, Fonseca, Luiz H.M., Fontelas, Jean, Fontella‐pereira, Jorge, Forster, Wellington, Fraga, Claudio, Fraga, Fernanda R.M., Fraga, Santiago, França, Flávio, França, Juliana R.K.G., Francisco, Jéssica N.C., Freire‐fierro, Alina, Freitas, Fernanda, Freitas, Joelcio, Freitas, Maria, Fritsch, Peter, Funez, Luís, Furtado, Samyra, Gaem, Paulo, Gaglioti, André l., Gagnon, Edeline, Gama, Beatriz R.A., Garcia, Flávia C.P., Gasper, André l., Gerace, Samuele, Giacomin, Leandro l., Giaretta, Augusto, Gil, André S.B., Gissi, Danilo, Giuffre, Pamela M.W., Giulietti, Ana, Giussani, Liliana, Goebel, Gabriela, Goes, Monique, Góes, Luiz A.A., Goldenberg, Renato, Gomes, Beatriz, Gomes, Fernanda, Gomes, Mario, Gomes‐klein, Vera l., Gonçalez, Victor, Gonçalves, Ana P.S., Gonçalves, Deise J.P., Gonella, Paulo, Gonzaga, Augusto F.N., Gonzaga, Diego, González, Favio, Gonzatti, Felipe, Gouvêa, Yuri, Graham, Shirley A.T., Gregório, Bernarda, Grings, Martin, Groppo, Milton, Grossi, Mariana, Guarçoni, Elidio A.E., Guedes, Felipe, Guedes, Juliana, Guerra, Ethiéne, Guimarães, Elsie, Guimarães, Leonardo R.S., Guimarães, Paulo J.F., Gurgel, Ely S.C., Gutiérrez, Diego, Hall, Climbiê, Harley, Raymond, Hassemer, Gustavo, Hattori, Eric K.O., Hechenleitner, Paulina, Hefler, Sonia, Heiden, Gustavo, Henning, Tilo, Henriques, Diego, Hensold, Nancy, Hinoshita, Lucas K.R., Hirai, Regina, Hirao, Yasmin, Hiriart, Florencia, Hopkins, Michael J.G., Hoyos‐gómez, Saúl, Huamantupa, Isau, Hurbath, Fernanda, Iganci, João R.V., Ilkiu‐borges, Anna l., Imig, Daniela, Inácio, Camila, Indriunas, Alexandre, Jacques, Eliane l., Jacques, Suara S.A., Jaimes, Juliana, Jardim, Jomar, Jesus, Jôane, Jesus, Priscila, Jiménez‐mejías, Pedro, Johnson, David, Jordão, Lucas S.B., Jordão, Valner M.M., Jorge, Taciane, Kaehler, Miriam, Kameyama, Cíntia, Kataoka, Eric, Kessous, Igor, Kilipper, Julia, Kinoshita, Luiza, Klein, Viviane, Klitgaard, Bente, Knapp, Sandra, Koch, Ana, Koch, Ingrid, Kochanovski, Fábio, Kominami, Gabriel F.G., Konno, Tatiana U.P., Koschnitzke, Cristiana, Kotovski, Emília, Kriebel, Ricardo, Külkamp, Josimar, Leal, Brígida, Leal, Eduardo, Leite, Áurea C.F., Leite, Wellerson, Leitman, Paula, Lewis, Gwilym, Lima, Adriana, Lima, Alexandre, Lima, Duane F.S., Lima, Eliene, Lima, Jessica, Lima, Laíce F.G., Lima, Laura C.P., Lima, Letícia, Lima, Lucas, Lima, Luis F.P., Lima, Rita, Lima, Vanessa l., Link‐perez, Melanie, Lirio, Elton, Lobão, Adriana, Loeuille, Benoit F.P., Loiola, Maria I.B., Lombardi, Julio, Longhi‐wagner, Hilda, Lopes, Gabriel S.R., Lopes, Jenifer, Lopes, Letícia, Lopes, Raimundo, Lopes, Rosana, López, Maria, Lorencini, Tiago, Lorenzi, Harri, Lourenço, Ana R.L., Lourenço, Arthur, Louzada, Rafael, Lovo, Juliana, Lozano, Eduardo, Luber, Jaquelini, Lucas, Dióber, Lucas, Eve, Lüdtke, Raquel, Luebert, Federico, Luizi‐ponzo, Andrea, Luna, Bruna, Luna, Naédja K.M., Luz, Cíntia l.S., Machado, Anderson F.P., Machado, Evandro, Machado, Talita, Maciel, Jefferson, Maciel, Sebastião, Magalhães, Rodrigo, Magenta, Mara A.G., Maia, Talita, Mamede, Maria C.H., Marchioretto, Maria, Margalho, Luciano, Marinho, Lucas, Marques, Danilo, Marquete, Ronaldo, Marra, Raquel, Martins, Angela, Martins, Márcio l.L., Martins, Marcos B.S., Martins, Milena, Martins, Renata, Martins, Suzana, Masson, Victória, Matias, Ligia, Matos, Agnes M.M.V., Matos, Andreza, Matos, Fernando, Matozinhos, Carolina, Mattos, Cilene M.J., Mattos, Leticia, Matzenauer, William, Mauad, Anna V.S.R., Maya‐lastra, Carlos, Mayo, Simon, Mazine, Fiorella, Medeiros, Débora, Medeiros, Erika V.S.S., Medeiros, Herison, Medeiros, Maria C.M.P., Meerow, Alan, Meireles, Jose, Meireles, Leonardo, Meirelles, Julia, Melchor‐castro, Briggitthe, Mello, Zelia, Mello‐silva, Renato, Melo, André l., Melo, Caio V.V.D., Melo, Efigenia, Melo, José I.M., Mendes, Jone C.R., Mendes, Maria C.Q., Mendes‐silva, Ingrid, Meneguzzo, Thiago E.C., Menezes, Cristine, Menezes, Felipe G.P., Menini Neto, Luiz, Mentz, Lilian, Mesquita, Antônio l., Messias, Patrícia, Mezzonato‐pires, Ana, Michelangeli, Fabián, Miguel, João, Miguel, Laila, Milward‐de‐azevedo, Michaele, Miotto, Silvia T.S., Miranda, Cecília, Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitchell, John, Molina, José M.P., Mondin, Cláudio, Monge, Marcelo, Monteiro, Daniele, Monteiro, Fernanda K.S., Monteiro, Raquel, Monteiro, Silvana H.N., Monteiro, Thiago, Monzoli, João V.L., Moore, Paloma G.P., Mora, Martha, Moraes, Marta, Moraes, Mónica, Morales, Juan, Morales, Matías, Moran, Robbin, Moreira, André l.C., Moreira, Andréia D.R., Moreira, Ariane, Moreira, Bianca, Moreira, Giselle l., Moreira, Kassio V.C., Moreira, Pablo F.F., Morokawa, Rosemeri, Moroni, Pablo, Mota, Aline, Mota, Michelle C.A., Mota, Nara F.O., Moura, Beryl E.L., Moura, Ingridy, Moura, Luíza, Moura, Ricardo l., Moura, Tania, Mundim, Júlia, Muniz, Francisca, Muniz, Leticia, Muniz Filho, Eduardo, Mynssen, Claudine, Nakajima, Jimi, Nascimento, Janaina G.A., Nascimento, José, Nascimento, Silvia, Nepomuceno, Francisco A.A., Nervo, Michelle, Nery, Eduardo, Neves, Beatriz, Nóbrega, Giseli, Nogueira, Matheus G.C., Nunes, Annelise, Nunes, Clebiana, Nunes, Teonildes, Oellgaard, Benjamin, O'Leary, Nataly, Oliveira, Adriana l.R., Oliveira, Ana C.S., Oliveira, Andreza G.S., Oliveira, Aron, Oliveira, Bárbara, Oliveira, Caetano, Oliveira, Fernanda M.C., Oliveira, Filipe G.A., Oliveira, Gleison, Oliveira, Gustavo, Oliveira, Hermeson, Oliveira, Iasmin l.C., Oliveira, Joésili C.P., Oliveira, José F.C., Oliveira, Juliana, Oliveira, Juliana R.P.M., Oliveira, Leticia G.R., Oliveira, Lilian F.A., Oliveira, Lorena, Oliveira, Luciana S.D., Oliveira, Marcia C.R., Oliveira, Márcio l.B., Oliveira, Marcos G.M., Oliveira, Marise H.V., Oliveira, Marla I.U., Oliveira, Regina, Oliveira, Renata, Oliveira, Reyjane, Oliveira, Rodrigo C.G., Oliveira, Sylvia, Oliveira, Ykaro, Orlandini, Priscila, Orsolano, Guilherme, Pacífico, Ricardo, Paglia, Isis, Paiva, Gabrielle C.P., Paixão, Liliane, Pastore, José F.B., Pastore, Mayara, Pastori, Tamara, Paucar, Jenny O.A., Paula‐souza, Juliana, Pederneiras, Leandro, Peichoto, Myriam, Peixoto, Ariane l., Pell, Susan, Pellegrini, Marco O.O., Pena, Nelson T.L., Pennington, Richard, Pereira, Amanda P.N., Pereira, Andreza S.S., Pereira, Jovani B.S., Pereira, Maria, Pereira, Paulo E.E., Pereira, Sidney, Pereira‐silva, Rafaela, Perez, Ana P.F., Pessoa, Cleiton, Pessoa, Clenia, Pessoa, Edlley, Pessoa, Maria C.R., Petrongari, Fernanda, Philbrick, Thomas, Pignal, Marc, Pimenta, Karena, Pinto, Rafael, Pioner, Natália, Pirani, José, Pizzardo, Raquel, Plos, Anabela, Ponce, Marta, Pontes, Juliana, Pontes, Ricardo A.S., Pontes, Tiago, Pontes‐pires, Aline, Pott, Vali, Prado, Thainá, Praia, Talita, Prance, Ghillean, Prange, Carolina, Prata, Ana P.N., Prochazka, Luana, Proença, Carolyn E.B., Prudêncio, Renato X.A., Pscheidt, Allan, Quaresma, Aclebia, Quaresma, Aline, Queiroz, George, Queiroz, Luciano, Queiroz, Rubens, Quinet, Alexandre, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Geraldo J.P., Rando, Juliana, Rebouças, Natanael, Reginato, Marcelo, Reis, Miguel M.R., Reis, Priscila, Reis‐silva, Genilson, Ribas, Osmar, Ribeiro, André R.O., Ribeiro, Carolina l., Ribeiro, José E.L.S., Ribeiro, Michel, Ribeiro, Pétala, Ribeiro, Rayane T.M., Ribeiro, Ricardo, Ribeiro, Rogério, Riina, Ricarda, Ritter, Mara, Rivadavia, Fernando, Rivera, Vanessa l., Rizzo, Beatriz, Rocha, Antônio E.S., Rocha, Lamarck, Rocha, Maria J.R., Rodrigues, Carine, Rodrigues, Christchellyn, Rodrigues, Izabella M.C., Rodrigues, Marianna, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Sampaio, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz, Rodríguez, Juan F.C., Rodríguez, Pedro, Rollim, Isis, Romanini, Rebeca, Romão, Gerson, Romão, Marcos V.V., Romero, María, Romero, Rosana, Rosa, Bárbara, Rosa, Patrícia, Rosa, Priscila, Rosário, Alessandro, Rossa, Iago, Rossetto, Elson F.S., Rossi, Lucia, Rossini, Josiene, Royer, Carla, Rua, Gabriel, Sá, Cyl F.C., Saavedra, Mariana, Saka, Mariana, Sakuragui, Cassia, Salas, Roberto, Sales, Margareth, Salgado, Vanina, Salimena, Fátima R.G., Salino, Alexandre, Salvador, Rafael, Sampaio, Daniela, Sancho, Gisela, Sano, Paulo, Santana, Jéssica C.O., Santana, Karoline, Santana, Mariana, Santiago, Augusto C.P., Santos, Alessandra, Santos, Amanda P.B., Santos, Ana C.A.S., Santos, Andrea K.A., Santos, Carlos A.G., Santos, Emanuelle l., Santos, Felipe, Santos, Fernanda, Santos, João U.M., Santos, Karin, Santos, Leidiana l., Santos, Matheus, Santos, Otilene, Santos, Rafaela, Santos, Renata G.P., Santos, Thaíla V.A., Santos, Thiago, Santos, Vanessa, Santos‐silva, Fernanda, Santos‐silva, Juliana, São‐mateus, Wallace M.B., Saraiva, Deisy, Sarkinen, Tiina, Sartori, Ângela l.B., Sassone, Agostina, Sauthier, Luana, Scalon, Viviane, Scatigna, André, Schaefer, Juliana, Scheidegger, Najla M.B., Schliewe, Marcos, Schmidt, Eduard D.L., Schneider, Angelo, Schneider, Layla J.C., Schuettpelz, Eric, Schwartsburd, Pedro, Schwarz, Elizabeth, Scudeler, Ana l., Sebastiani, Renata, Secco, Ricardo, Secretti, Elisangela, Segalla, Rosane, Seleme, Elidiene, Semir, João, Senna, Luisa, Setubal, Robberson, Shimizu, Gustavo, Shirasuna, Regina, Silva, Adaíses S.M., Silva, Aline V.M., Silva, Amanda l., Silva, Anádria, Silva, Caroline C.A., Silva, Cassio, Silva, Christian, Silva, Cintia, Silva, Diego, Silva, Dilana, Silva, Fabio, Silva, Fernanda, Silva, Francismeire, Silva, Gabriel, Silva, Gledson, Silva, Guilherme, Silva, Gustavo H.L., Silva, João P.S., Silva, Juliana l., Silva, Juliene F.M., Silva, Leonardo, Silva, Lucas, Silva, Luciana, Silva, Luiza, Silva, Márcio, Silva, Marcio R.P., Silva, Marcos, Silva, Marcus F.O., Silva, Maria l.B., Silva, Maria S.D., Silva, Nilda M.F., Silva, Otávio l.M., Silva, Rafael, Silva, Raphael, Silva, Renata S.A., Silva, Renato, Silva, Ronaldo, Silva, Saura, Silva, Suelma, Silva, Tânia R.S., Silva, Tatiane, Silva, Thaynara, Silva, Wanderson l.S., Silva Filho, Pedro J.S., Silva‐castro, Milene, Silva‐cobra, Gisele, Silva‐gonçalves, Kelly, Silveira, Fernanda, Silveira, João, Silveira, Thamyres, Simão‐bianchini, Rosangela., Simões, Ana, Simões, André, Simon, Marcelo, Siniscalchi, Carolina, Siqueira, Carlos, Smidt, Eric, Smith, Alan, Smith, Nathan, Snak, Cristiane, Soares, Abel E.R., Soares, Arthur, Soares, Edson l.C., Soares, Kelen, Soares, Luanda, Soares, Marcos V.B., Soares, Maria l.C., Soares, Polyana, Soares, Raimundo, Sobrado, Sandra, Sobral, Marcos, Somner, Genise, Sothers, Cynthia, Sousa, Ana A.C., Sousa, Danilo J.L., Sousa, Francisco, Sousa, Gardene, Sousa, Hian C.F., Sousa, Leandro O.F., Sousa, Mayco W.S., Sousa, Valdeci, Souza, Aline, Souza, Bruno, Souza, Elnatan, Souza, Élvia, Souza, Filipe, Souza, Luzia, Souza, Marcelo, Souza, Maria A.D., Souza, Raquel M.B.S., Souza, Vinicius, Souza‐buturi, Fátima, Spina, Andréa, Stadnik, Aline M.S., Staggemeier, Vanessa, Stapf, María N.S., Stefano, Rodrigo, Stern, Stephen, Streher, Nathália, Suchoronczek, Andréia, Sundue, Michael, Takeuchi, Cátia, Tardivo, Rosângela, Taylor, Nigel, Teixeira, Michella D.R., Teles, Aristônio, Temponi, Livia, Thode, Verônica, Thomas, William, Tierno, Lorena, Tissot‐squalli, Mara, Toledo, Cássio A.P., Torke, Benjamin, Torres, Alicia, Torres, Daniela S.C., Torres‐leite, Filipe, Tozzi, Ana M.G.A., Trad, Rafaela, Trevisan, Rafael, Trovó, Marcelo, Tuler, Amélia, Tyrrell, Christopher, Udulutsch, Renata, Uribbe, Fernando, Vahl, Daiane, Valadares, Rodrigo, Valdemarin, Karinne, Valduga, Eduardo, Valente, Emilia, Valls, Jose F.M., van den Berg, Cássio, Vasconcelos, Liziane, Vasconcelos, Thaís N.C., Vasques, Diego, Vaz, Angela M.S.F., Versiane, Ana F.A., Versieux, Leonardo, Via Do Pico, Gisela, Viana, Pedro l., Vianna, Suelen, Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M., Vidal, Kaio V.A., Vidal, João, Vieira, Fábio C.S., Vieira, Jaqueline, Vieira, João P.S., Vieira, Lucas l.A., Vieira, Tamara A.F., Vieira, Tiago l., Viera‐barreto, Jéssica, Vignoli‐silva, Márcia, Vilas Bôas‐bastos, Silvana, Villarreal, Juan, Vincent, Michael, Vita, Marcela, Vitta, Fabio, Viveros, Raquel, Viviurka, Fernanda, Vogel Ely, Cleusa, Volet, Danilo, Völtz, Rafael, Wallnöfer, Bruno, Wanderley, Maria G.L., Watanabe, Mauricio T.C., Weber, Philipy A.P., Weigend, Maximilian, Welker, Cassiano A.D., Windisch, Paulo, Yoshikawa, Vania, Zamengo, Henrique, Zanatta, Maria R.V., Zannin, Ana, Zappi, Daniela, Zeferino, Laís, Zelenski, Andréia, Zuloaga, Fernando, Zuntini, Alexandre, Maastricht Science Programme, RS: FSE MSP, JANAÍNA GOMES-DA-SILVA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, FABIANA L. R. FILARDI, MARIA REGINA V. BARBOSA, UFPB, JOSÉ FERNANDO A. BAUMGRATZ, CARLOS E. M. BICUDO, TACIANA BARBOSA CAVALCANTI, Cenargen, MARCUS A. N. COELHO, Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas, ANDREA F. COSTA, DENISE P. COSTA, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, EDUARDO COUTO DALCIN, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, PAULO LABIAK, UFPR, HAROLDO C. LIMA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, LÚCIA G. LOHMANN, USP, LEONOR C. MAIA, UFPE, VIDAL F. MANSANO, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, MARIÂNGELA MENEZES, UFRJ, MARLI P. MORIM, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CARLOS WALLACE N. MOURA, EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA, DENILSON F. PERALTA, JEFFERSON PRADO, Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, NÁDIA ROQUE, UFBA, JOÃO RENATO STEHMANN, LANA S. SYLVESTRE, UFRJ, LARISSA TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, BRUNO MACHADO TELES WALTER, Cenargen, GERALDO ZIMBRÃO, RAFAELA C. FORZZA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Herbier de Guyane - IRD, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane])

Subjects
Grandes Datos, Natural history collections, natural history collections, América del Sur, Plant Science, Repositories, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Colecciones de Historia Natural, Taxonomic impediment, Biodiversidad, Big data, flora, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, big data, taxonomic impedimen, Repositorios, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Biodiversity, botany, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Impedimento Taxonómico, South America, collaboration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, repositories, Brazil
Abstract

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiver sity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxo nomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world’s known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world’s most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend be yond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still un equally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the coun try. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora. Fil: Gomes da Silva, Janaina. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Fil: Filardi, Fabiana L.R. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Barbosa, María Regina de V. Universidade Federal da Paraíba: Joao Pessoa; Brasil Fil: Baumgratz, José Fernando Andrade. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: de Mattos Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo. Instituto de Botânica. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia; Brasil Fil: Cavalcanti, Taciana. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasil Fil: Coelho, Marcus. Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Ferreira da Costa, Andrea. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Costa, Denise. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Dalcin, Eduardo C. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute; Brasil Fil: Labiak, Paulo. Universidade Federal do Parana; Brasil Fil: Cavalcante de Lima, Haroldo. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Lohmann, Lucia. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Maia, Leonor. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Mansano, Vidal de Freitas. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Menezes, Mariângela. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Morim, Marli. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Moura, Carlos Wallace do Nascimento. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Department of Biological Science; Brasil Fil: Lughadha, Eimear NIck. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Peralta, Denilson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brazil Fil: Prado, Jefferson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brasil Fil: Roque, Nádia. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil Fil: Stehmann, Joao. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: da Silva Sylvestre, Lana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina; Brasil Fil: Walter, Bruno Machado Teles. EMBRAPA Cenargen Brasília; Brasil Fil: Zimbrão, Geraldo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Forzza, Rafaela C. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Morales, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina

Published
2021

10. Figure 5 from: Martín CM, Zanotti CA, Acuña-Castillo R, Henning T, Catari JC, Weigend M (2022) Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction. PhytoKeys 194: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827

Author

Martín, Claudia M., primary, Zanotti, Christian A., additional, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, Catari, Juan C., additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2022
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11. Figure 3 from: Martín CM, Zanotti CA, Acuña-Castillo R, Henning T, Catari JC, Weigend M (2022) Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction. PhytoKeys 194: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827

Author

Martín, Claudia M., primary, Zanotti, Christian A., additional, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, Catari, Juan C., additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2022
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12. Figure 1 from: Martín CM, Zanotti CA, Acuña-Castillo R, Henning T, Catari JC, Weigend M (2022) Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction. PhytoKeys 194: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827

Author

Martín, Claudia M., primary, Zanotti, Christian A., additional, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, Catari, Juan C., additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2022
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13. Figure 2 from: Martín CM, Zanotti CA, Acuña-Castillo R, Henning T, Catari JC, Weigend M (2022) Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction. PhytoKeys 194: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827

Author

Martín, Claudia M., primary, Zanotti, Christian A., additional, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, Catari, Juan C., additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2022
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15. Figure 4 from: Martín CM, Zanotti CA, Acuña-Castillo R, Henning T, Catari JC, Weigend M (2022) Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction. PhytoKeys 194: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827

Author

Martín, Claudia M., primary, Zanotti, Christian A., additional, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, Catari, Juan C., additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2022
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16. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning (Lentibulariaceae), a new butterwort from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (northern Peru)

Author

Casper, Siegfried Jost, Bussmann, Rainer W., and Henning, Tilo

Subjects
Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula Pinguicula rosmarieae Peru Amotape-Huancabamba Zone Cordillera Central endemic taxonomy new species distribution, new species, Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula villosa, Cordillera Central, Lamiales, Pinguicula rosmarieae, Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, taxonomy, Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik), Pinguicula, Peru, distribution, endemic, Americas, Plantae, Research Article
Abstract

The insectivorous genus Pinguicula occurs along the whole Andean mountain chain from Colombia-Venezuela in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south with a short interruption in the Peruvian-Chilean desert range. This paper describes a new and striking species of Pinguicula that occurs in the south-eastern part of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone in north Peru. It grows either as a lithophyte on moist rocks or as an epiphyte on Polylepis multijuga Pilg. in the wet highlands of the Cordillera Central. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning, sp. nov. is clearly distinguished by a basal rosette of ovate-obovate leaves spread out flat on the ground and especially by a two-partite corolla with a straight uniform tube-spur complex, two features unknown from other Andean Pinguicula species. The morphological similarity to P. calyptrata Kunth is discussed and the habitat and distribution of P. rosmarieae are characterised.

Published
2020

18. A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru

Author

Henning, Tilo, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, and Weigend, Maximilian

Subjects
new species, Cenozoic, Amotape-Huancabamba-Zone, Loasaceae, lcsh:QK1-989, Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik), lcsh:Botany, Peru, narrow-endemic, Nasa, Plantae, Cornales, Chiñama, Angeldiazia, Research Article, Taxonomy, Laquipampa, Lambayeque
Abstract

Nasa angeldiazioides sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The species is restricted to two forest remnants on the western slope of the northern Peruvian Andes (Dept. Lambayeque) where it is found in the undergrowth of primary forest. The new taxon shows a unique leaf morphology in the family Loasaceae. Molecular and morphological data show that the new species belongs to the Nasa triphylla group. Since the relic forests of the north-western Andes are increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, i.e. droughts and wildfires, the new species already faces imminent extinction.

Published
2019

21. Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction.

Author

Martín, Claudia M., Zanotti, Christian A., Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, Henning, Tilo, Catari, Juan C., and Weigend, Maximilian

Subjects
FIELD research, SPECIES
Abstract

Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae are a nearly exclusively American plant group with a center of diversity in Peru. Numerous new taxa have been described over the past decades; one of the most striking discoveries was that of the narrowly endemic Xylopodia with the single species Xylopodia klaprothioides in Peru, Dpto. Cajamarca in 1997. Surprisingly, field studies in the past years have resulted in the discovery of material clearly belonging to the same genus in both Bolivia and northern Argentina, approximately 1500 km SE of the next known population of Xylopodia in Contumazá, Peru. A closer examination shows that Argentinian and Bolivian material belongs to a single species, clearly different from Xylopodia klaprothioides. We here describe Xylopodia laurensis and the entire genus is revised. Both species are illustrated, all aspects of their biology and ecology are portrayed and their threat status is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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29. Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)

Author

Filardi,Fabiana L. Ranzato, Barros,Fábio de, Baumgratz,José Fernando A., Bicudo,Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti,Taciana B., Coelho,Marcus A. Nadruz, Costa,Andrea F., Costa,Denise P., Goldenberg,Renato, Labiak,Paulo Henrique, Lanna,João M., Leitman,Paula, Lohmann,Lúcia G., Maia,Leonor Costa, Mansano,Vidal F., Morim,Marli P., Peralta,Denilson F., Pirani,José Rubens, Prado,Jefferson, Roque,Nádia, Secco,Ricardo S., Stehmann,João Renato, Sylvestre,Lana S., Viana,Pedro L., Walter,Bruno M.T., Zimbrão,Geraldo, Forzza,Rafaela Campostrini, Abreu,Maria C., Abreu,Vanessa H.R., Acevedo-Rodríguez,Pedro, Acunã C.,Rafael, Afonso,Edgar A.L., Agra,Leandro A.N.N., Agra,Maria F., Almeda,Frank, Almeida,Gracineide S.S., Almeida,Mariana M., Almeida,Nicolli B.C., Almeida,Rafael F., Almeida,Thaís E., Alves,Flávio M., Alves,Maria, Alves-Araújo,Anderson, Amaral,Maria C.E., Amélio,Leandro A., Amorim,André M.A., Amorim,Bruno S., Amorim,Vivian O., Andrade,Ivanilza M., André,Thiago, Andreata,Regina H.P., Andrino,Caroline O., Angulo,María B., Antar,Guilherme M., Aona,Lidyanne Y.S., Arana,Marcelo, Aranha Filho,João L.M., Araújo,Andréa O., Araújo,Camila C., Araújo,Cintia A.T., Araújo,Mário H.T., Asprino,Renata C., Assis,Francine C., Assis,Leandro C.S., Assis,Marta C., Athayde Filho,Francisco, Athiê-Souza,Sarah M., Azevedo,Michaele A.M., Bacci,Lucas F., Barbosa,Ariane R., Barbosa,Camilo V.O., Barbosa,Juliana F., Barbosa,Maria, Barbosa-Silva,Rafael G., Barboza,Gloria E., Barcelos,Flávia R.B., Barcelos,Laísa B., Barreto,Kamilla L., Bastos,Cid J.P., Bastos,Cláudia A., Benelli,Ada, Bernacci,Luís C., Beyer,Maila, Bezerra,Andrea C.C., Bigio,Narcísio C., Biral,Leonardo, Bissoli,Vinícius F., Bochorny,Thuane, Bohs,Lynn, Boldorini,Abril, Boldrini,Ilsi I., Bolson,Mônica, Bonadeu,Francismeire, Bordin,Juçara, Bordon,Natali G., Borges,Leonardo M., Borges,Rafael A.X., Borges,Rodrigo L., Bortoluzzi,Roseli L.C., Bove,Cláudia P., Bovini,Massimo G., Braga,João Marcelo A., Branco,Suema, Brauner,Laiana M., Braz,Denise M., Bringel Jr.,João B.A., Brito,Antonio L.V.T., Brito,Carolina R., Brito,Eliete S., Bruniera,Carla P., Büneker,Henrique M., Bünger,Mariana, Buril,Maria T., Cabral,Andressa, Cabral,Elsa L., Cabral,Fernanda N., Caddah,Mayara K., Caires,Claudenir S., Calazans,Luana S.B., Caldas,Diana K.D., Calió,Maria F., Calvo,Joel, Camargo,Rodrigo A., Campos-Rocha,Antonio, Cândido,Elisa S., Canestraro,Bianca K., Canto-Dorow,Thais S., Cardoso,André L.R., Cardoso,Domingos B.O.S., Cardoso,Leandro J.T., Cardoso,Pedro H., Carmo,Dimas M., Carmo,João A.M., Carneiro,Camila R., Carneiro,Cláudia E., Carneiro-Torres,Daniela S., Carrijo,Tatiana T., Carrión,Juan F., Caruzo,Maria B.R., Carvalho Sobrinho,Jefferson G., Carvalho,Catarina S., Carvalho,Dariane A.S., Carvalho,Maria L.S., Carvalho-Silva,Micheline, Castello,Ana C.D., Castro,Márcia S., Catenacci,Fernanda S., Cavalcanti,Laise H., Cavalheiro,Larissa, Cerqueira,Roberta M., Chacon,Roberta G., Chagas,Earl C.O., Chautems,Alain, Chauveau,Olivier, Christ,Anderson L., Christ,Jheniffer A., Clark,Lynn G., Coelho,Alexa A.O.P., Coelho,Guilherme P., Coelho,Rubens L.G., Colletta,Gabriel D., Colli-Silva,Matheus, Conceição,Adilva S., Conceição,Tulio C., Condack,João P.S., Conde,Maíra L.G., Contro,Fernanda L., Cordeiro,Inês, Cordeiro,Luciana S., Cordeiro,Wesley P.F.S., Côrtes,Ana L.A., Coser,Thiago S., Costa e Silva,Maria B., Costa,Daniel S., Costa,Daniela G.A., Costa,Fabiane N., Costa,Fernanda S.N., Costa,Francisco C.P., Costa,Géssica A.G., Costa,Itayguara R., Costa,Jeferson M., Costa,Jorge A.S., Costa,Thiago V., Costa,Tiago S., Costa-Lima,James L., Costa-Silva,Rafael, Cota,Matheus M.T., Couto,Dayvid R., Couto,Ricardo S., Couvo,Anielly F., Dal Molin,Luis H., Daly,Douglas, Damasceno,Rafaella G.L., Deble,Leonardo P., Delfini,Carolina, Delgado Jr.,Geadelande C., Delgado- Salinas,Alfonso, Dematteis,Massimiliano, Dettke,Greta A., Devecchi,Marcelo F., Di Maio,Fernando R., Dias,Micheli C., Dias,Pedro, Díaz,Yani C.A., Dittrich,Vinícius A.O., Domínguez,Yoannis, Dórea,Marcos C., Dorneles,Mariane P., Dressler,Stefan, Duarte,Marilia C., Dutilh,Julie H.A., Dutra,Valquíria F., Echternacht,Livia, Egea,Marcelo M., Eggers,Lilian, Engels,Mathias, Erkens,Roy H.J., Eslabão,Marcelo P., Espírito Santo,Fábio S., Esser,Hans-Joachim, Essi,Liliana, Esteves,Gerleni L., Esteves,Roberto L., Ezcurra,Cecilia, Facco,Marlon G., Fader,Andrea A.C., Falcão Jr.,Marcus J.A., Fantecelle,Laura B., Fantini,Isabella F., Farco,Gabriela E., Faria,Allan L.A., Faria,Ana P.G., Faria,Aparecida D., Faria,Jair E.Q., Faria,Maria T., Farinaccio,Maria A., Fernandes,Ana C., Fernandes,Rozijane S., Fernandes,Ulisses G., Fernandes-Júnior,Aluisio J., Ferreira,Fabrício M., Ferreira,Gabriel E., Ferreira,João P.R., Ferreira,Priscila P.A., Ferreira,Silvana C., Ferrucci,María S., Fiaschi,Pedro, Fierro,Alina F., Filgueiras,Tarciso S., Firetti-Leggieri,Fabiana, Fleischmann,Andreas, Florentín,Javier E., Florentín,Mariela N., Flores,Andréia S., Flores,Thiago B., Fonseca,Luiz H.M., Fontela-Pereira,Jorge, Fontelas,Jean C., Fraga,Cláudio N., Fraga,Fernanda R.M., Fraga,Santiago, França,Flávio, França,Juliana R.K.G., Francener,Augusto, Francisco,Jéssica N.C., Frazão,Annelise, Freitas,Fernanda S., Freitas,Joelcio, Freitas,Maria F., Fritsch,Peter, Funez,Luís A., Furtado,Samyra G., Gaglioti,André L., Gandara,Andréia, Garcia,Flávia C.P., Garcia,Nicolás, Gasper,André L., Giacomin,Leandro L., Giaretta,Augusto, Gibau,Alexandre, Gil,André S.B., Gissi,Danilo S., Giuffre,Pamela M.W., Giulietti-Harley,Ana M.G., Giussani,Liliana M., Goebel,Gabriela, Góes,Monique B., Gomes,Beatriz M., Gomes,Mario, Gomes-da-Silva,Janaína, Gomes-Klein,Vera L., Gonçalez,Victor M., Gonçalves,Ana P.S., Gonçalves,Deise J.P., Gonella,Paulo M., Gonzaga,Diego R., González,Favio, Gonzatti,Felipe, Gouvea,Yuri F., Graham,Shirley A.T., Gregório,Bernarda S., Grings,Martin, Groppo,Milton, Grossi,Mariana A., Guedes,Juliana S., Guerra,Ethiéne, Guimarães,Elsie F., Guimarães,Leonardo R.S., Guimarães,Paulo J.F., Gutiérrez,Diego G., Hall,Climbiê F., Hassemer,Gustavo, Hattori,Eric K.O., Hechenleitner,Paulina, Heiden,Gustavo, Henning,Tilo, Hensold,Nancy, Hinoshita,Lucas K.R., Hirai,Regina Y., Hopkins,Michael J.G., Hurbath,Fernanda, Iganci,João R.V., Imig,Daniela C., Inácio,Camila D., Indriunas,Alexandre, Jacques,Eliane L., Jacques,Suara S.A., Jardim,Jomar G., Jesus,Jôane C., Jesus,Priscila B., Jesus-Costa,Cristielle, Johnson,David, Jordão,Lucas S.B., Kaehler,Miriam, Kameyama,Cíntia, Kataoka,Eric Y., Kessous,Igor M., Kinoshita,Luiza S., Klein,Viviane P., Knapp,Sandra, Koch,Ana K., Koch,Ingrid, Kochanovski Jr.,Fábio, Kollmann,Ludovic J.C., Konno,Tatiana U.P., Koschnitzke,Cristiana, Kotovski,Emília R., Kriebel,Ricardo, Kulkamp,Josimar, Leal,Eduardo S., Leal,Fernanda A.P., Leite,Áurea C.F., Leite,Wellerson P., Lima,Adenilsa A.R., Lima,Duane F., Lima,Haroldo C., Lima,Jessica S., Lima,Laíce F.G., Lima,Letícia R., Lima,Luis F.P., Lima,Rita B.†, Lima,Vanessa L., Link-Pérez,Melanie A., Lirio,Elton J., Lisboa,Décio S., Lobão,Adriana Q., Loeuille,Benoit F.P., Loiola,Maria I.B., Lombardi,Julio A., Longhi-Wagner,Hilda M., Lopes,Jenifer C., Lopes,Letícia O., Lopes,Rosana C., López,M. Gabriela, Lorencini,Tiago S., Lourenço,Ana R.L., Lourenço,Arthur R., Louzada,Rafael B., Lovo,Juliana, Lozano,Eduardo D., Lucas,Dióber B., Lucas,Eve J., Lüdtke,Raquel, Luizi-Ponzo,Andrea P., Machado,Anderson F.P., Machado,Evandro P., Machado,Talita M., Maciel,Jefferson R., Maciel-Silva,Adaíses S., Maciel-Silva,Juliene F., Magenta,Mara A.G., Mamede,Maria C.H., Marchioretto,Maria S., Marinho,Lucas C., Marques,Danilo, Marquete,Ronaldo, Martins,Angela B., Martins,Márcio L.L., Martins,Milena V., Martins,Renata C., Martins,Suzana E., Martins-Hall,Caroline O., Matias,Ligia Q., Matos,Agnes M.M.V., Matos,Fernando B., Matozinhos,Carolina N., Mattos,Cilene M.J., Mauad,Anna V.S.R., Mayo,Simon J., Mazine,Fiorella F., Medeiros,Débora, Medeiros,Erika V.S.S., Medeiros,Herison, Medeiros,Maria C.M.P., Meerow,Alan W., Meirelles,Julia, Mello,Zelia R., Mello-Silva,Renato, Melo,André L., Melo,Caio V.V.D., Melo,Efigenia, Melo,José I.M., Melo,Talita M.S., Mendes,Maria C.Q., Mendoza,Moises, Meneguzzo,Thiago E.C., Menezes,Cristine G., Menezes,Mariângela, Menini Neto,Luiz, Mentz,Lilian A., Mesquita,Antônio L., Mezzonato-Pires,Ana C., Michelangeli,Fabián A., Miguel,João R., Miguel,Laila M., Miotto,Silvia T.S., Miranda,Vitor F.O., Molina,José M.P., Mondin,Cláudio A., Monteiro,Daniele, Monteiro,Maria H.D.A., Monteiro,Raquel F., Moraes R.,Mónica, Morales,Juan F., Morales,Matías, Moran,Robbin C., Moreira,André L.C., Moreira,Andréia D.R., Moreira,Bianca A., Moreira,Giselle L., Moreira,Pablo F.F., Morokawa,Rosemeri, Moroni,Pablo, Mota,Aline C., Mota,Michelle, Mota,Nara F.O., Moura,Beryl E.L., Moura,Carlos W.N., Moura,Clapton O., Moura,Ingridy O., Moura,Luíza C., Moura,Osvanda S., Moura,Ricardo L., Moura,Tania M., Mundim,Júlia V., Muniz,Leticia N., Mynssen,Claudine M., Nakajima,Jimi N., Nascimento,Janaina G.A., Nascimento,Silvia M., Nepomuceno,Francisco A.A., Nervo,Michelle H., Nery,Eduardo K., Nicora Chequín,Renata, Nóbrega,Giseli A., Nunes,Clebiana S., Nunes,Teonildes S., O’Leary,Nataly, Oellgaard,Benjamin, Oliveira,Adriana L.R., Oliveira,Ana L.F., Oliveira,Bárbara A., Oliveira,Fernanda M.C., Oliveira,Gleison S., Oliveira,Hermeson C., Oliveira,Iasmin L.C., Oliveira,Juliana A., Oliveira,Lorena C., Oliveira,Luciana S.D., Oliveira,Marla I.U., Oliveira,Regina C., Oliveira,Renata S., Oliveira,Reyjane P., Oliveira,Rodrigo C.G., Orlandini,Priscila, Pacífico,Ricardo B., Paixão,Liliane C., Parra,Lara R., Pastore,José F.B., Pastore,Mayara, Pastori,Tamara, Paucar,Jenny O.A., Paula-Souza,Juliana, Pederneiras,Leandro C., Peichoto,Myriam C., Peixoto,Ariane L., Pellegrini,Marco O.O., Peñaloza-Bojacá,Gabriel F., Perdiz,Ricardo O., Pereira,Amanda P.N., Pereira,Andreza S.S., Pereira,Jovani B.S., Pereira,Maria S., Pereira,Paulo E.E., Pereira,Sidney S., Perestrello,Felipe G.M., Perez,Ana P.F., Pessoa,Cleiton S., Pessoa,Clenia S., Pessoa,Edlley M., Petrongari,Fernanda S., Philbrick,Thomas, Picanço,Anna C.M., Pietrobom,Marcio R., Pignal,Marc, Pimenta,Karena M., Pinto,Rafael B., Plos,Anabela, Pontes Pires,Aline F., Pontes,Ricardo A.S., Pontes,Tiago A., Pott,Vali J., Praia,Talita S., Prata,Ana P.N., Prochazka,Luana S., Proença,Carolyn E.B., Prudêncio,Renato X.A., Pscheidt,Allan C., Quaresma,Aline S., Queiroz,George A., Queiroz,Luciano P., Queiroz,Rubens T., Quinet,Alexandre, Rainer,Heimo, Ramos,Eliana, Ramos,Geraldo J.P., Rando,Juliana G., Reginato,Marcelo, Reis e Silva,Genilson A., Reis,Miguel M.R., Reis,Priscila A., Ribas,Osmar S., Ribeiro,André R.O., Ribeiro,José E.L.S., Ribeiro,Michel, Ribeiro,Pétala G., Ribeiro,Rayane T.M., Ribeiro,Rogério N., Ribeiro-Silva,Suelma, Riina,Ricard, Ritter,Mara R., Rivadavia,Fernando, Rivera,Vanessa L., Rizzo,Beatriz D., Rocha,Antônio E., Rocha,Maria J.R., Rodrigues,Izabella M.C., Rodrigues,Karina F., Rodrigues,Marianna C., Rodrigues,Rodrigo S., Rollim,Isis M., Romanini,Rebeca P., Romão,Gerson O., Romão,Marcos V.V., Romero,Rosana, Rosa,Patrícia, Rosa,Priscila O., Rosário,Alessandro S., Rosário,Sebastião M., Rosignoli-Oliveira,Letícia G., Rossetto,Elson F.S., Rossi,Lucia, Rossini,Josiene, Royer,Carla A., Rua,Gabriel H., Sá,Cyl F.C., Saavedra,Mariana M., Saka,Mariana N., Sakuragui,Cassia M., Salas,Roberto M., Sales,Margareth F., Salimena,Fátima R.G., Salino,Alexandre, Sampaio,Daniela, Sancho,Gisela, Sano,Paulo T., Santana,Karoline C., Santiago,Augusto C.P., Santos,Alessandra, Santos,Amanda P.B., Santos,Andrea K.A., Santos,Carlos A.G., Santos,Emanuelle L., Santos,Fernanda B., Santos,João U.M., Santos,Karin, Santos,Leidiana L., Santos,Matheus F., Santos,Otilene A., Santos,Rafaela F., Santos,Renata G.P., Santos,Thiago F., Santos-Silva,Fernanda, Santos-Silva,Juliana, Saraiva,Deisy P., Sarkinen,Tiina, Sartori,Ângela L.B., Sassone,Agostina B., Scaravelli,Fernanda S., Scatigna,André V., Schaefer,Juliana, Scheidegger,Najla M.B., Schneider,Angelo A., Schneider,Layla J.C., Schwartsburd,Pedro B., Schwarz,Elizabeth A., Sebastiani,Renata, Segarra,Daniel V., Seleme,Elidiene P., Semir,João, Senna,Luisa R., Setubal,Robberson B., Shimizu,Gustavo H., Shirasuna,Regina T., Silva,Aline V.M., Silva,Amanda L., Silva,Anádria S., Silva,Beatriz N.F., Silva,Caroline C.A., Silva,Cassio R., Silva,Christian, Silva,Cintia V., Silva,Diego N., Silva,Fabio A., Silva,Fernanda O., Silva,Gustavo H.L., Silva,Leonardo N., Silva,Marcos J., Silva,Marcus F.O., Silva,Maria S.D., Silva,Nilda M.F., Silva,Otávio L.M., Silva,Renato R., Silva,Saura R., Silva,Tânia R.S., Silva,Tatiane S., Silva,Thaynara S., Silva,Wanderson L.S., Silva-Castro,Milene M., Silva-Cobra,Gisele O., Silva-Gonçalves,Kelly C., Silva-Luz,Cíntia L., Silveira,Fernanda S., Silveira,João B., Silveira,Thamyres C., Simão-Bianchini,Rosângela, Simões,Ana R., Simões,André O., Simon,Marcelo F., Singer,Rosana F., Siniscalchi,Carolina M., Siqueira,Carlos E., Smidt,Eric C., Smith,Alan R., Smith,Nathan P., Snak,Cristiane, Soares Neto,Raimundo L., Soares,Abel E.R., Soares,Edson L.C., Soares,Kelen P., Soares,Marcos V.B., Soares,Maria L.C., Soares,Polyana N., Soares,Rosane S., Sobrado,Sandra V., Sobral,Marcos, Somner,Genise V., Sousa,Danilo J.L., Sousa,Francisco S., Sousa,Gardene M., Sousa,Leandro O.F., Sousa,Mayco W.S., Sousa,Valdeci F., Souza,Aline M., Souza,Bruno P., Souza,Elnatan B., Souza,Élvia R., Souza,Filipe S., Souza,Luzia F., Souza,Marcelo C., Souza,Maria A.D., Souza,Paulo C.B., Souza,Raquel M.B.S., Souza,Vinicius C., Souza-Buturi,Fátima O., Spina,Andréa P., Stadnik,Aline M.S., Staggemeier,Vanessa G., Stapf,María N.S., Stefano,Rodrigo D., Stern,Stephen, Streher,Nathália S., Sundue,Michael, Takeuchi,Cátia, Tardivo,Rosângela C., Taylor,Nigel P., Teixeira,Michella D.R., Teles,Aristônio M., Temponi,Livia G., Terra,Vanessa, Thode,Veronica A., Thomas,Wm. Wayt, Tierno,Lorena R., Tissot-Squalli,Mara L., Toledo,Cássio A.P., Torke,Benjamin M., Tozzi,Ana M.G.A., Trad,Rafaela J., Trovó,Marcelo, Tuler,Amélia C., Udulutsch,Renata G., Uribbe,Fernando P., Valadares,Rodrigo T., Valdemarin,Karinne S., Valente,Emilia B., Valls,Jose F.M., van den Berg,Cássio, Vasconcelos,Liziane V., Vasconcelos,Thaís N.C., Vaz,Angela M.S.F., Versiane,Ana F.A., Versieux,Leonardo M., Via do Pico,Gisela M., Vidal Jr.,João de Deus, Vidal,Kaio V.A., Vieira,João P.S., Vieira,Tamara A.F., Viera Barreto,Jessica N., Vignoli-Silva,Márcia, Vilas Bôas-Bastos,Silvana B., Villarreal A.,Juan C., Vincent,Michael A., Vinícius-Silva,Ronaldo, Vita,Marcela D., Viveros,Raquel S., Vogel Ely,Cleusa, Volet,Danilo P., Wallnöfer,Bruno, Wanderley,Maria G.L., Watanabe,Mauricio T.C., Weigend,Maximilian, Welker,Cassiano A.D., Wendt,Tânia, Windisch,Paulo G., Zannin,Ana, Zappi,Daniela C., Zeferino,Laís C., Zelenski,Andréia, Zuloaga,Fernando O., and Zuntini,Alexandre R.

Subjects
taxonomy, hotspots, database, diversity
Abstract

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.

Published
2018

30. Morphological, ecological and geographical evolution of the Neotropical genus Nasa (Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae).

Author

Acuña-Castillo, Rafael, Romoleroux, Katya, Luebert, Federico, Henning, Tilo, and Weigend, Maximilian

Subjects
BIOTIC communities, HABITATS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, ADAPTIVE radiation
Abstract

The Andean uplift is recognized as one of the most important events shaping the Neotropical biota. Previous phylogenetic reconstructions of Nasa , a mostly tropical Andean genus, have been unable to address its historical biogeography or ancestral character estimations in detail due to insufficient sampling and phylogenetic resolution. The main goal of the present study is to provide an expanded and highly resolved phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus to address these questions. We were able to sequence 87 of the 125 taxa (species and subspecies) of Nasa , for the plastid markers trnL–trnF , matK , trnS–trnG and rps16. Our results show that Nasa falls into four well-supported clades, clade I is sister to the rest of the genus and is composed of Central Andean species. The remaining three clades are more widely distributed, found also in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (AHZ) and the northern Andes. Our morphological analyses were able to identify plausible phylogenetic affinities of most Nasa spp. for which molecular data are unavailable, with three of the morphological clusters composed mostly by species of three well-supported clades (Clades II, III and IV). Historical biogeography indicates that Nasa has a history spanning 50 Myr, its early events predating most of the Andean uplift. Nasa appears to have originally occupied mid-elevation, seasonally dry habitats. By the mid-Miocene (c. 15 Mya) expansion into new forest edge and undergrowth habitats took place. This coincides with renewed uplift that increased the complexity of the abiotic conditions in the Andes. The AHZ is retrieved as the most important centre of diversification since the closure of the West Andean Portal and appears to be a cradle of clades of Nasa. Conversely, the central Andes, the most likely area of origin of the genus, house mostly ancient, species-poor clades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. The EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy - an integrated software environment for biodiversity research data management

Author

Güntsch, Anton, Müller, Andreas, Plitzner, Patrick, Henning, Tilo, Kilian, Norbert, Fichtmüller, David, Gleisberg, Maren, Karam, Naouel, Müller-Birn, Claudia, and Berendsohn, Walter G.

Abstract

The Platform for Cybertaxonomy [1], developed as part of the EU Network of Excellence EDIT (European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy), is an open-source software framework covering the full breadth of the taxonomic workflow, from fieldwork to publication [2]. It provides a number of tools for full, customized access to taxonomic data, editing and management, and collaborative team work. At the core of the platform is the Common Data Model [3], offering a comprehensive information model covering all relevant data domains: names and classifications, descriptive data (morphological and molecular), media, geographic information, literature, specimens, persons, and external resources [4]. The model adheres to community standards developed by the Biodiversity Information Standards organization TDWG [5]. Apart from its role as a software suite supporting the taxonomic workflow, the platform is a powerful information broker for a broad range of taxonomic data providing solid and open interfaces including a Java programmer’s library and a CDM Rest Service Layer. In the context of the DFG-funded "Additivity" project ("Achieving additivity of structured taxonomic character data by persistently linking them to preserved individual specimens", DFG project number 310530378), we are developing components for capturing and processing formal descriptions of specimens as well as algorithms for aggregating data from individual specimens in order to compute species-level descriptions [6]. Well-defined and agreed descriptive vocabularies referring to structures, characters and character states are instrumental in ensuring the consistency and comparability of measurements. This will be addressed with a new EDIT Platform module for specifying vocabularies based on existing ontologies for descriptive data. To ensure that these vocabularies can be re-used in different contexts, we are planning an interface to the Terminology Service developed by the German Federation for Biological Data (GFBio) [7]. The Terminology Service provides a semantic standards aware and harmonised access point for distributed or locally stored ontologies required for biodiversity research data management, archiving and publication processes [8]. The interface will work with a new OWL export function of the CDM library, which provides EDIT Platform vocabularies in a format that can be read by the import module of the Terminology Service. In addition, the EDIT Platform will be equipped with the ability to import semantic concepts from the Terminology Service using its API and keeping a persistent link to the original concept. With an active pipeline between the EDIT Platform and the GFBio Terminology Service, terminologies originating from the taxonomic research process can be re-used in different research contexts as well as for the semantic annotation and integration of existing research data processed by the GFBio archiving and data publication infrastructure. KEYWORDS: taxonomic computing, descriptive data, terminology, inference REFERENCES: 1. EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy. http://www.cybertaxonomy.org (accessed 17 May 2018). 2. Ciardelli, P., Kelbert, P., Kohlbecker, A., Hoffmann, N., Güntsch, A. & Berendsohn, W. G., 2009. The EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy and the Taxonomic Workflow: Selected Components, in: Fischer, S., Maehle, E., Reischuk, R. (Eds.): INFORMATIK 2009 – Im Focus das Leben. GI-Edition: Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) – Proceedings 154. Köllen Verlag, Bonn, pp. 28;625-638. 3. Müller, A., Berendsohn, W. G., Kohlbecker, A., Güntsch, A., Plitzner, P. & Luther, K., 2017. A Comprehensive and Standards-Aware Common Data Model (CDM) for Taxonomic Research. Proceedings of TDWG 1: e20367. https://doi.org/10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20367. 4. EDIT Common Data Model. https://dev.e-taxonomy.eu/redmine/projects/edit/wiki/CommonDataModel (accessed 17 May 2018). 5. Biodiversity Information Standards TDWG. http://www.tdwg.org/ (accessed 17 May 2018). 6. Henning T., Plitzner P., Güntsch A., Berendsohn W. G., Müller A. & Kilian N., 2018. Building compatible and dynamic character matrices – Current and future use of specimen-based character data. Bot. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1452791. 7. Diepenbroek, M., Glöckner, F., Grobe, P., Güntsch, A., Huber, R., König-Ries, B., Kostadinov, I., Nieschulze, J., Seeger, B.; Tolksdorf, R. & Triebel, D., 2014. Towards an Integrated Biodiversity and Ecological Research Data Management and Archiving Platform: The German Federation for the Curation of Biological Data (GFBio), in: Plödereder, E., Grunske, L., Schneider, E., Ull, D. (Eds.): Informatik 2014 – Big Data Komplexität meistern. GI-Edition: Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) – Proceedings 232. Köllen Verlag, Bonn, pp. 1711-1724. 8. Karam, N., Müller-Birn, C., Gleisberg, M., Fichtmüller, D., Tolksdorf, R., & Güntsch, A., 2016. A Terminology Service Supporting Semantic Annotation, Integration, Discovery and Analysis of Interdisciplinary Research Data. Datenbank-Spektrum, 16(3), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-016-0231-8.

Published
2018
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34. The Platform for Cybertaxonomy: Standards, services and tools

Author

Güntsch, Anton, primary, Luther, Katja, additional, Müller, Andreas, additional, Kohlbecker, Andreas, additional, Plitzner, Patrick, additional, Kilian, Norbert, additional, Henning, Tilo, additional, von Mering, Sabine, additional, von Raab-Straube, Eckhard, additional, Kusber, Wolf-Henning, additional, and Berendsohn, Walter G., additional

Published
2019
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35. Figure 3 from: Henning T, Acuña Castillo R, Rodríguez Rodríguez EF, García Llatas LF, Weigend M (2019) A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927

Author

Henning, Tilo, primary, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, additional, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2019
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36. Figure 2 from: Henning T, Acuña Castillo R, Rodríguez Rodríguez EF, García Llatas LF, Weigend M (2019) A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927

Author

Henning, Tilo, primary, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, additional, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2019
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37. Figure 1 from: Henning T, Acuña Castillo R, Rodríguez Rodríguez EF, García Llatas LF, Weigend M (2019) A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927

Author

Henning, Tilo, primary, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, additional, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2019
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38. Figure 4 from: Henning T, Acuña Castillo R, Rodríguez Rodríguez EF, García Llatas LF, Weigend M (2019) A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927

Author

Henning, Tilo, primary, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, additional, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2019
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39. Supplementary material 1 from: Henning T, Acuña Castillo R, Rodríguez Rodríguez EF, García Llatas LF, Weigend M (2019) A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927

Author

Henning, Tilo, primary, Acuña Castillo, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eric Frank, additional, García Llatas, Luis Felipe, additional, and Weigend, Maximilian, additional

Published
2019
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41. Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

Author

Gomes‐da‐Silva, Janaína, Filardi, Fabiana L.R., Barbosa, Maria Regina V., Baumgratz, José Fernando A., Bicudo, Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti, Taciana B., Coelho, Marcus A.N., Costa, Andrea F., Costa, Denise P., Dalcin, Eduardo Couto, Labiak, Paulo, Lima, Haroldo C., Lohmann, Lúcia G., Maia, Leonor C., Mansano, Vidal F., Menezes, Mariângela, Morim, Marli P., Moura, Carlos Wallace N., Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Peralta, Denilson F., Prado, Jefferson, Roque, Nádia, Stehmann, João Renato, Sylvestre, Lana S., Trierveiler‐Pereira, Larissa, Walter, Bruno M.T., Zimbrão, Geraldo, Forzza, Rafaela C., Abreu, Fernanda P., Abreu, Maria C., Abreu, Vanessa H.R., Acuña‐Castillo, Rafael, Afonso, Edgar A.L., Agra, Leandro A.N.N., Agra, Maria F., Aguiar, Daniel P.P., Aires, Elisa T., Almeda, Frank, Almeida, Gracineide S.S., Almeida, Mariana M., Almeida, Nicolli B.C., Almeida, Rafael F., Almeida, Roberto B.P., Almeida, Thaís E., Almeida, Eduardo B., Alves, Daniela M., Alves, Flávio M., Alves, Karina N.L., Alves, Maria B.B., Alves, Rodolfo F., Amaral, Maria C.E., Amaral, André L.S., Amélio, Leandro A., Amorim, André M.A., Amorim, Bruno S., Amorim, Eduardo T., Amorim, Vivian O., Andrade, Ivanilza M., Andrade, Ray S., André, Thiago, Andreata, Regina H.P., Andrino, Caroline O., Ângulo, María B., Anjos, Cassiane B., Antar, Guilherme M., Antonicelli, Mirian C.A., Antunes, Lorena L.C., Aona, Lidyanne Y.S., Arana, Marcelo D., Aranha, João L.M., Araújo, Anderson G.A., Araujo, Andréa O., Araújo, Camila C., Araujo, Cintia A.T., Araujo, Flávia M., Araújo, Mário H.T., Arbo, Maria M., Arnou, Emily S., Asprino, Renata C., Assis, Francine C., Assis, Leandro C.S., Assis, Marta C., Athayde Filho, Francisco, Athiê‐Souza, Sarah M., Azevedo, Igor H.F., Bacci, Lucas F., Barbosa, Camilo V.O., Barbosa, Juliana F., Barbosa‐Silva, Rafael G., Barcellos, Ian C., Barboza, Gloria E., Barcelos, Flávia R.B., Barcelos, Laísa B., Barreto, Kamilla L., Barros, Fábio, Barros, Thamires L.A., Barros‐Barreto, Maria B.B., Bastos, Cid J.P., Bastos, Cláudia A., Batista, João A.N., Batista, Marcella M.I., Bautista, Hortencia P., Benelli, Adarilda P., Berguecio, Nicolás G., Bernacci, Luís C., Beyer, Maila, Bezerra, Andrea C.C., Bezerra, Luísa M.P.A., Bezerra, Yuri R.L., Bianchetti, Luciano B., Bigio, Narcísio C., Biral, Leonardo, Bissoli, Vinícius F., Bittencourt, Felipe, Bochorny, Thuane, Bohn, Amabily, Bohs, Lynn, Bojacá, Gabriel F.P., Boldorini, Abril, Boldrini, Ilsi I., Bolson, Mônica, Bordin, Juçara, Bordon, Natali G., Borges, Rafael A.X., Borges, Rodrigo L., Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C., Bove, Claudia P., Bovini, Massimo G., Braga, João M.A., Braga, Nayara S.S., Branco, Suema, Brauner, Laiana M., Braz, Denise M., Bringel, João B.A., Brito, Antonio L.V.T., Brito, Eliete S., Bruniera, Carla P., Buchoski, Monica G., Buck, William R., Bueno, Norma C., Bueno, Vinicius R., Büneker, Henrique M., Bünger, Mariana, Buril‐Vital, Maria T.A., Burton, George P., Cabral, Andressa, Cabral, Elsa L., Cabral, Fernanda N., Cabral, Tiara S., Caddah, Mayara K., Caires, Claudenir S., Caires, Taiara A., Calazans, Luana S.B., Caldas, Diana K.D., Calió, Maria F., Calvo, Joel, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S., Camargo, Rodrigo A., Camelo, Mel C., Campos‐Rocha, Antonio, Cândido, Elisa S., Canestraro, Bianca K., Canto‐Dorow, Thais S., Cantuária, Patrick C., Cara, Álison L., Cárdenas, Gabriela G., Cardoso, Andréia G., Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S., Cardoso, Jesiane M., Cardoso, Leandro J.T., Cardoso, Pedro H., Cardozo, Andrey L., M.D. Cardozo, Nállarett, Carmo, Dimas M., Carmo, João A.M., Carneiro, Camila R., Carneiro, Cláudia E., Carrijo, Tatiana T., Caruzo, Maria B.R., Carvalho, Catarina S., Carvalho, Dariane A.S., Carvalho, Fernanda A., Carvalho, Maria L.S., Carvalho, Jefferson G., Carvalho‐Silva, Micheline, Castello, Ana C.D., Castro, Márcia S., Castro e Silva, Isabella C., Catenacci, Fernanda S., Cavalcanti, Laise H., Cavalheiro, Larissa, Cervi, Armando C., Chacon, Roberta G., Chagas, Aline P., Chagas, Earl C.O., Chautems, Alain, Chauveau, 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Abstract

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Published
2022
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45. Systematics and floral ecology of Nasa (Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae) and its allies

Author

Henning, Tilo

Subjects
Neotropics, Stamen movement, Systematics, Pollination, Loasaceae, Taxonomy
Abstract

This dissertation consists of seven manuscripts that are either published in, submitted to or in preparation to be submitted to international, peer-reviewed journals. Accordingly, the Chapters 2 to 8 are structured as journal articles, each containing a separate introduction as well as sections for materials and methods, results and discussion. For reasons of clarity and to avoid redundancies, the references cited are listed together following Chapter 9. Data, not necessarily needed for the understanding of the single chapters (e.g. lists of specimens examined, vouchers and supplementary data), are provided in the appendix at the end of this work. The Chapters 2 to 4 are dedicated to the systematics of Nasa and its infrageneric groups. Two larger species groups are revised (Chapters 2 and 4) and additionally, two new species are described as new to science (Chapter 3). Chapters 2 to 4 are ordered chronologically, according to the date of their publication. The findings of these chapters are based on a comprehensive revision of all herbarium material available from herbaria worldwide, copious own collections (or by the coauthors) and on observations made on living plants either during field trips or on cultivars in the greenhouse. For each taxon, a formal description, including notes on the ecology and distribution, is given. Distribution maps are provided and each taxon is illustrated by a line drawing. The Nasa poissoniana (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend group is revised in Chapter 2. This group has been retrieved by earlier molecular findings and represents a monophyletic group of herbaceous, short lived species of Nasa with a distribution focussed on the south of Peru. One species, Nasa raimondii (Standl. & F.A.Barkley) Weigend, formerly placed in the N. stuebeliana (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend group (Weigend & Rodríguez, 2003), is transferred into the N. poissoniana group due to recent molecular findings (Weigend & Gottschling, 2006). A new subspecies of N. poissoniana, N. poissoniana subsp. glandulifera T.Henning & Weigend from North Peru, is defined based on consistent morphological differences and geographical vicariance. Coincidentally, two collections of a new species, obviously belonging to the N. poissoniana group, came to our knowledge shortly after the revision (Chapter 2) of the group hasbeen published. This new species (N. urubambensis T.Henning & Weigend) is, togetherwith the new N. sanchezii T.Henning & Weigend, taxonomically treated in Chapter 3. The affinities of both species are discussed with a particular focus on the new extent of the N. poissoniana group. The species rich and diverse Nasa ranunculifolia group is revised in Chapter 4. Two species, N. basilica T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend and N. tulipadiaboli T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend, are described as new to science. The new circumscription of a variable and widely distributed taxon, formerly divided into four species [N. ranunculifolia (Kunth) Weigend, N. macrantha (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend, N. cymbopetala (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend and N. macrorrhiza (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend] became necessary in the light of the evaluation of all herbarium material assigned to either of these names and the observations made in the field. A subspecies concept has been adopted to take account of the rather gradual morphological differences and the geographical vicariance of this tribe. Finally, N. ranunculifolia, N. macrantha, N. cymbopetala and N. macrorrhiza are united as subspecies under (oldest) N. ranunculifolia and an additional set of five subspecies has been described (subspp. pamparomasii T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend, guzmangoensis T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend, bolivarensis T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend, patazensis T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend and huanucoensis T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend). A second, closely allied species, Nasa rugosa (Killip) Weigend, is reevaluated and subdivided into four still poorly documented, but clearly distinct subspecies (subspp. rugosa, llaqtacochaensis T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend, gracilipes T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend and pygmaea T.Henning, E.Rodr. & Weigend). The floral biology of Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae, centered around the stamen movement, is substance of the Chapters 5 to 8. Chapter 5 attempts to classify the detailed pollination patterns observed within a broader theoretical framework, using data gained by field and greenhouse experiments. The interaction between these plants and their pollinators is exemplarily illustrated on Nasa macrothyrsa (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend pollinated by Neoxylocopa lachnea Moure 1951. Its significance is discussed in the context of the pollen presentation theory. The conclusions of Chapter 5 are the basis for a study on the cost/benefit ratio of the complex floral behaviour for the plants conducted in Chapter 6. A set of six species was chosen, representing different breeding systems and pollination syndromes, in order to reveal adaptations regarding these conditions and resulting shifts of floral traits. Two different lineages of Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae (Nasa and Caiophora) were represented by three species each, to be able to detect possible phylogenetic constraints. Chapter 7 experimentally outlines the mechanisms of the stamen movement in terms of the optimization of the pollen presentation by pollen packaging. Several aspects of the control of the plant over the amount of pollen offered at a given time and the presence, absence or actual abundance of pollinators are analyzed. Data from eight species from four genera of Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae are included in this study to achieve an insight, generally valid across the genera of the subfamily. Conversely to the commonalities in the mechanisms of the stamen movement determined in Chapter 7, Chapter 8 attempts to reveal differences in the detailed schedule of pollen presentation apart from the general process. The ability to perform a pollen presentation via a stamen movement is principally present in all genera of Loasoideae and can be predicted by the respective flower morphology. In turn, thigmonasty and minor differences in the detailed schedule of the pollen presentation can only be proved experimentally. All species available (45 species from 10 genera) are combarably treated with a standard experiment in this study (Chapter 8). The results were statistically tested and distinct patterns observed are discussed in the context of pollination syndrome, phylogenetic placement and minor aspects of specific adaptations of single lineages. In Chapter 9, a summary of the findings of the two main topics, systematics (Chapters 2 to 4) and floral ecology (Chapters 5 to 8), is provided. A comprehensive conclusion using all relevant findings of each aspect is given. The last paragraph of Chapter 9 furthermore tries to establish an explanatory background, linking these two themes, and it is discussed in how far they are mutually dependent. Finally, possible issues for future research are identified, which now can be addressed based on the results of the studies completed so far., Nasa Weigend ist die größte Gattung innerhalb der größtenteils neotropischen Loasaceae (Cornales). Ihre Verbreitung erstreckt sich vor allem über die Anden Südamerikas mit einigen isolierten Arten die bis nach Zentralamerika reichen. Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit stehen zwei Aspekte, die zunächst separat in einzelnen Kapiteln bearbeitet werden und anschließend in einen funktionellen und evolutiven Zusammenhang gesetzt werden. Nach einer allgemeinen, themenübergreifenden Einleitung (Kapitel 1) beschäftigen sich die folgenden drei Kapitel(Kapitel 2-4) mit der α-Taxonomie der Gattung. Es werden zwei Artgruppen revidiert, deren Umfang dank eigener Aufsammlungen von mir und meinen Kollegen in den letzten Jahren deutlich wurde. Desweiteren werden zusätzlich zwei neue Arten beschrieben, die die morphologische Variabilität von Nasa zusätzlich erweitern und damit den Umfang derDiversität der Gattung abschließend definieren. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit besteht aus mehreren Studien zur Blütenbiologie von Nasa und anderen Gattungen der Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae. Die Unterfamilie grenzt sich von den übrigen Vertretern der Loasaceae durch das Vorhandensein einer komplexen Blütenmorphologie ab, die einige funktionelle Besonderheiten aufweist. Unter Anderem zeigen die Pflanzen eine Bewegung der Staubblätter aus den kahnförmigen Petalen ins Blütenzentrum. Vor etwa 20 Jahren wurde entdeckt, dass diese Bewegung bei einigen Vertretern durch das Verhalten der Bestäuber ausgelöst werden kann während diese zur Nektaraufnahme bestimmte Blütenorgane bewegen (sog. Nektarschuppen). Die allgemeine Blütenmorphologie ließ vermuten, dass es sich dabei um ein eher weitverbreitetes Phänomen innerhalb der Loasoideae handeln könnte. Der Artenreichtum einiger Gattungen, allen voran Nasa, deutet wiederum an, dass die komplexe, funktionelle Blütenbiologie Teil einer erfolgreichen Reproduktionsstrategie ist und eine zentrale Rolle bei der Radiation einiger Gattungen in den südamerikanischen Anden gespielt haben könnte. Die beiden Themen werden zunächst separat bearbeitet, wobei die einzelnen Kapitel Beiträgen entsprechen, die bereits in Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden, bei diesen eingereicht sind oder in Kürze eingereicht werden. Dies ist den jeweiligen Fußnoten zu Beginn eines Kapitels zu entnehmen. Jedes Kapitel enthält dementsprechend eigene Abschnitte zur Einleitung, zu den Materialien und Methoden, Ergebnissen und eine Diskussion. Kapitel 9 diskutiert zusammenfassend die Ergebnisse der Kapitel 2-8 und stellt sie in einen gemeinsamen Zusammenhang. Diese Synopsis der Erkenntnisse aus der Systematik und Ökologie bildet den Abschluss der vorliegenden Arbeit, der folgende wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen zu Grunde lagen: 1\. Ist die Interaktion mit spezialisierten Bestäubern so eng wie frühere Studien implizieren? 2\. Welche regulatorischen Mechanismen liegen der autonomen und thigmonastischen Staubblattbewegung zu Grunde? 3\. Kann anhand bestehender Phylogenien und den Ergebnissen aus der vergleichenden Analyse der Staubblattbewegung erkannt werden, wann diese innerhalb der Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae entstanden ist? 4\. Lassen sich unterschiedliche Merkmalsausprägungen der thigmonastischen Staub- blattbewegung feststellen und gibt es eine graduelle Zunahme der Komplexität, die sich phylogenetisch nachvollziehen lässt? 5\. Steht die komplexe Blütenbiologie und Interaktion mit den Bestäubern für die Pflanzen in einem günstigen Kosten-Nutzen Verhältnis und ist sie in jedem Fall lohnenswert? 6\. Kann ein sekundärer Verlust der Fähigkeit zur thigmonastischen Staubblatt- bewegung bestätigt werden, wie er bereits für zwei Arten von Caiophora beschrieben wurde, die von Kolibris bzw. Kleinsäugern bestäubt werden? 7\. Ist die thigmonastische Staubblattbewegung eine “key- invention” und hat sie zur großen Diversität und weiten Verbreitung der Loasoideae beigetragen? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten wurden sowohl klassisch-botanische Methoden zur Klärung der α-Taxonomie, als auch zahlreiche experimentelle Ansätze zur Untersuchung der mannigfaltigen Aspekte der Blütenbiologie genutzt. Kapitel 1 stellt einleitend die hier behandelte Pflanzengruppe vor, beleuchtet grundlegende Aspekte ihrer Ökologie, formuliert eine wissenschaftliche Hypothese und listet die Ziele der Arbeit auf. Es wird desweiteren erläutert, welche Ansätze zur Bearbeitung der Themen-komplexe gewählt wurden und eine Übersicht über die Gliederung der Arbeit gegeben. Die Kapitel 2 bis 4 widmen sich der Systematik von Nasa. Zwei infragenerische Gruppen konnten erkannt werden und ihr taxonomischer Umfang wird nach aktuellem Kenntnisstand in ausführlichen Revisionen dargestellt. Diese Arbeiten erfolgten mit Hilfe der umfassenden Bearbeitung von Herbarmaterial, eigenen Feldstudien und durch Kultivierung zahlreicher Sippen in den institutseigenen Versuchsgewächshäusern. In Kapitel 2 wird die morphologisch schwer zu definierende Nasa poissoniana Gruppe revidiert, deren Monophylie zunächst in molekularen Studien erkannt wurde. Die Gruppe zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Variabilität in zahlreichen morphologischen Merkmalen aus, die innerhalb von Nasa ihrerseits plesiomorphen Charakter haben. Entsprechend den molekularen Erkenntnissen wurde eine Art, N. raimondii (ehem. N. stuebeliana Gruppe), nun der N. poissoniana Gruppe zugeordnet. Die namensgebende N. poissoniana zerfällt nun in zwei disjunkte Unterarten [subsp. poissoniana (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend und subsp. glandulifera T.Henning & Weigend], die an dieser Stelle neu beschrieben werden. Kapitel 3 ist teilweise ein Nachtrag zu Kapitel 2, da hier zwei Arten von Nasa neu beschrieben werden, von denen eine eindeutig der zu diesem Zeitpunkt kürzlich revidierten N. poissoniana Gruppe zugerechnet werden muss. Zwei Aufsammlungen dieser neuen Art erreichten mich kurz nach dem Erscheinen der Revision und konnten nicht mehr in diese einfließen. Die zweite in diesem Kapitel neu beschriebene Art ist N. sanchezii, eine isolierte, gut dokumentierte Art aus NordPeru. Sie konnte bisher weder morphologisch noch molekular zufriedenstellend positioniert werden und wird hier zunächst formal beschrieben. Kapitel 4 ist eine Revision einer der größten und interessantesten Artengruppen in Nasa. Die Nasa ranunculifolia Gruppe konnte erst erarbeitet werden nachdem während zahlreicher Feldreisen genügend, und vor allem qualitativ hochwertiges Material zu Ihrer Evaluation zur Verfügung stand. Die Mitglieder dieser Gruppe sind Teil der hochandinen Klade Nasa ser. Grandiflorae und sind vor allem in den Puna- und Paramohabitaten Perus beheimatet. Neben zwei neuen Arten (N. basilica und N. tulipadiaboli) wurde für zwei Arten (N. ranunculifolia und N. rugosa) ein Unterartkonzept angewendet, um der graduellen morphologischen Variabilität und den vorgefundenen Verbreitungsmustern gerecht zu werden. Dabei wurden mehrere bereits beschriebene Arten neu bewertet (N. ranunculifolia, N. macrantha, N. cymbopetala und N. macrorrhiza) und auf Unterartrang in N. ranunculifolia eingezogen, die zusätzlich um weitere fünf Unterarten ergänzt wurde (subspp. pamparomasii, guzmangoensis, bolivarensis, patazensis und huanucoensis). Die nah verwandte, vor allem ostandine N. rugosa enthält nach der nun vorliegenden Bearbeitung ebenfalls vier Unterarten, die morphologisch und geographisch unterschieden werden können. Zusammen mit Kapitel 2 und 3 stellt die Revision dieser Gruppe den Abschluss der α-taxonomischen Bearbeitung von Nasa dar. Die Kapitel 5-8 beschäftigen sich mit der Blütenbiologie der Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae. Kapitel 5 wurde im Sinne einer Fallstudie durchgeführt. Anhand von Daten aus Feld- und Gewächshausexperimenten wurde die komplexe Interaktion der Pflanzen und ihrer Bestäuber untersucht. Exemplarisch wird der Ablauf der Bestäubung und die funktionelle Blütenbiologie am Beispiel von Nasa macrothyrsa und ihrer Blütenbesucher (v.a. Holzbienen der Art Neoxylocopa lachnea) dargestellt und in einen größeren theoretischen Zusammenhang (pollen presentation theory) gesetzt und diskutiert. Kapitel 6 befasst sich darauf aufbauend mit dem Kosten-Nutzen Verhältnis der funktionellen Blütenbiologie der Pflanzen. Um eine allgemeingültige Aussage treffen zu können, wurden mehrere Arten zweier Gattungen (Nasa und Caiophora) untersucht. Die Arten wurden so ausgewählt, dass jeweils fakultativ autogame annuelle und fakultativ xenogame perennierende Arten beider Gattungen vertreten waren, die zusätzlich eine andere Bestäubergilde nutzen (Kurz- und Langzungenbienen und Kolibris). So konnten Unterschiede und Anpassungen an die jeweiligen Bestäubungssysteme und etwaige Überlagerungen dieser Anpassungen durch phylogenetische Zwänge erkannt und diskutiert werden. Der generelle Ablauf der Staubblattbewegung und die Möglichkeiten der Pflanzen diesen zu steuern sind Gegenstand von Kapitel 7. Mehrere abiotische Faktoren konnten als passive Steuerungsmechanismen experimentell nachgewiesen werden. Desweiteren wurde der Einfluss des Blütenalters, die räumlichen Details der Reizabgabe durch den Bestäuber und die Möglichkeit der Anpassung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit an die aktuelle Besuchs-häufigkeit der Bestäuber untersucht. Kapitel 8 schließlich gibt einen Überblick über das Vorhandensein und den Ablauf der Staub-blattbewegung innerhalb der Loasoideae. Zahlreiche Arten wurden mittels eines Standart- experiments untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, unabhängig von den in Kapitel 5-7 untersuchten Details die Fähigkeit zur Thigmonastie und individuelle Muster des zeitlichen Bewegungsablaufes über die Gattungsgrenzen hinweg zu erkennen. Dabei konnten einige Besonderheiten herausgearbeitet werden die in einen Zusammenhang zum jeweiligen Bestäuber, zu besonderen reproduktiven Merkmalen der jeweiligen Arten oder zu deren phylogenetischer Position stehen. Die Kernaussagen, sowohl der einzelnen Kapitel als auch der beiden thematischen Teile der Arbeit, werden in Kapitel 9 abschließend zunächst getrennt zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Im letzten Teil wird der hier beobachtete Zusammenhang zwischen Systematik und Ökologie besprochen. Die gegenseitige Bedingung und die notwendige gemeinsame Bearbeitung beider Themenkomplexe für das Verständnis der Evolution von Nasa, der Loasoideae und anderer Pflanzengruppen wird verdeutlicht und Ansätze für die nachfolgende Bearbeitung werden aufgezeigt.

Published
2012

48. A new shrubby species of Nasa Weigend ser. Carunculatae (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend (Loasaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone

Author

Henning, Tilo, Cano, Asunción, and Maximilian Weigend

Subjects
new species, Perú, lcsh:Biology (General), La Libertad, Peru, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Nasa sanagoranensis, nueva especie, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Loasaceae
Abstract

Nasa is the largest genera in the Loasaceae family and it is particularly speciose in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of northern Peru. Nasa ser. Carunculatae is a group of four species, three of them endemic to the Amotape- Huancabamba Zone. Species in this group are characterized by their shrubby habit, deciduous leaves, and typical tilt-revolving flowers with white to greenish petals. In this work, we describe a new species of Nasa ser. Carunculatae from the southern limit of Amotape-Huancabamba area, La Libertad, Peru. The species differs from others in having much smaller and notably narrower leaves. Unlike all the other species of ser. Carunculatae, the entire distal portion of the stem is densely glandular. It is apparently most closely related to Nasa carunculata, a species known from inter-Andean valleys of Ancash and Ayacucho., Nasa es uno de los géneros más numerosos de la familia Loasaceae y en particular uno de los más especiosos en la zona de Amotape-Huancabamba. Nasa ser. Carunculatae es un grupo con cuatro especies, tres de las cuales son endémicas de la zona de Amotape-Huancabamba. Las especies de este grupo están caracterizadas por su hábito arbustivo, hojas deciduas y flores con pétalos blancos a verdosos del tipo con escamas florales que encierran al néctar y que obligan al polinizador a inclinarlas (“tilt-revolver flowers”). En el presente trabajo, nosotros describimos una nueva especie del grupo Nasa ser. Carunculatae, procedente del límite sur de la zona de Amotape-Huancabamba, La Libertad, Perú. La especie difiere por presentar hojas mucho más pequeñas y notablemente más angostas. A diferencia de las otras especies de la ser. Carunculatae, la porción distal del tallo es densamente glandular. Aparentemente está estrechamente relacionada a Nasa carunculata, una especie conocida de los valles interandinos de Ancash y Ayacucho.

Published
2009

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