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2,146 results on '"Henning, R"'

1. Machine Learning-Powered Data Cleaning for LEGEND

Author

León, E., Li, A., Schott, M. A. Bahena, Bos, B., Busch, M., Chapman, J. R., Duran, G. L., Gruszko, J., Henning, R., Martin, E. L., and Wilkerson, J. F.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is a rare nuclear process that, if observed, will provide insight into the nature of neutrinos and help explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) will operate in two phases to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. The first (second) stage will employ 200 (1000) kg of High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) enriched in $^{76}$Ge to achieve a half-life sensitivity of 10$^{27}$ (10$^{28}$) years. In this study, we present a semi-supervised data-driven approach to remove non-physical events captured by HPGe detectors powered by a novel artificial intelligence model. We utilize Affinity Propagation to cluster waveform signals based on their shape and a Support Vector Machine to classify them into different categories. We train, optimize, test our model on data taken from a natural abundance HPGe detector installed in the Full Chain Test experimental stand at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We demonstrate that our model yields a maximum physics event sacrifice of $0.024 ^{+0.004}_{-0.003} \%$ when performing data cleaning cuts. Our model is being used to accelerate data cleaning development for LEGEND-200., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

2. Final Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Chan, Y. -D., Chapman, J. R., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

$^{76}$Ge can $\beta\beta$ decay into three possible excited states of $^{76}$Se, with the emission of two or, if the neutrino is Majorana, zero neutrinos. None of these six transitions have yet been observed. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was designed to study $\beta\beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge using a low background array of high purity germanium detectors. With 98.2 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR sets the strongest half-life limits to date for all six transition modes. For $2\nu\beta\beta$ to the $0^+_1$ state of $^{76}$Se, this search has begun to probe for the first time half-life values predicted using modern many-body nuclear theory techniques, setting a limit of $T_{1/2}>1.5\times10^{24}$ y (90% CL)., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

3. An assay-based background projection for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR using Monte Carlo Uncertainty Propagation

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The background index is an important quantity which is used in projecting and calculating the half-life sensitivity of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiments. A novel analysis framework is presented to calculate the background index using the specific activities, masses and simulated efficiencies of an experiment's components as distributions. This Bayesian framework includes a unified approach to combine specific activities from assay. Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation is used to build a background index distribution from the specific activity, mass and efficiency distributions. This analysis method is applied to the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, which deployed arrays of high-purity Ge detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. The framework projects a mean background index of $\left[8.95 \pm 0.36\right] \times 10^{-4}$cts/(keV kg yr) from $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U in the DEMONSTRATOR's components., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

4. Search for charge non-conservation and Pauli exclusion principle violation with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Lannen V, RT, Lannen, IE, Li, A, Lopez-Castano, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle result from fundamental symmetries in the standard model of particle physics, and are typically taken as axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could point to new physics. Here we consider three models for violation of these processes, which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity germanium detectors of the Majorana Demonstrator experiment. Using a 37.5 kg yr exposure, we report a lower limit on the electron mean lifetime, improving the previous best limit for the e→νeνe¯νe decay channel by more than an order of magnitude. We also present searches for two types of violation of the Pauli exclusion principle, setting limits on the probability of an electron to be found in a symmetric quantum state.

Published
2024

6. Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Hervas Aguilar, D, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen V, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Rager, J, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1-100)-keV low-energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019 using a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation.

Published
2024

7. Majorana Demonstrator Data Release for AI/ML Applications

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Quenallata, B., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The enclosed data release consists of a subset of the calibration data from the Majorana Demonstrator experiment. Each Majorana event is accompanied by raw Germanium detector waveforms, pulse shape discrimination cuts, and calibrated final energies, all shared in an HDF5 file format along with relevant metadata. This release is specifically designed to support the training and testing of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms upon our data. This document is structured as follows. Section I provides an overview of the dataset's content and format; Section II outlines the location of this dataset and the method for accessing it; Section III presents the NPML Machine Learning Challenge associated with this dataset; Section IV contains a disclaimer from the Majorana collaboration regarding the use of this dataset; Appendix A contains technical details of this data release. Please direct questions about the material provided within this release to liaobo77@ucsd.edu (A. Li)., Comment: DataPlanet Access: https://dataplanet.ucsd.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=perma:83.ucsddata/UQWQAV

Published
2023

8. Energy Calibration of Germanium Detectors for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in the $^{76}$Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a $^{228}$Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of the Demonstrator germanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure.

Published
2023
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9. Constraints on the decay of $^{180m}$Ta

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Goett, J., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Meijer, W., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Rouyer, A., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Smith-Gandy, T. A., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Alves, D. S. M., and Ramani, H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

$^{180m}$Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known $\beta$ and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of $^{180m}$Ta. More than 17 kilograms, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search was installed within the ultra-low background detector array. In this paper we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the $^{180m}$Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5 x $10^{19}$ years, we improved existing limits by one to two orders of magnitude. This result is the most sensitive search for a single $\beta$ and electron capture decay ever achieved.

Published
2023
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10. Constraints on the Decay of Ta180m

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Goett, J, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, V., TE Lannen, Li, A, López-Castaño, JM, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Meijer, W, Oli, TK, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Rouyer, A, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Schleich, SJ, Smith-Gandy, TA, Tedeschi, D, Thompson, JD, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Watkins, SL, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, Alves, DSM, Hebenstiel, L, and Ramani, H

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the Majorana Demonstrator, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{76}Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of ^{180m}Ta. More than 17 kg, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search, was installed within the ultralow-background detector array. In this Letter, we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the ^{180m}Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5×10^{19}  yr, we improved existing limits by 1-2 orders of magnitude which are the most sensitive searches for a single β and electron capture decay ever achieved. Over all channels, the decay can be excluded for T_{1/2}

Published
2023

11. Modeling backgrounds for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Haufe, CR, Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, V., TE Lannen, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) experiment containing ~30 kg of p-type point-contact germanium detectors enriched to 88% in 76Ge and ~14 kg of natural germanium detectors. The detectors are housed in two electroformed copper cryostats and surrounded by a graded passive shield with an active muon veto. An extensive radioassay campaign was performed prior to installation to insure the use of ultra-clean materials. The DEMONSTRATOR achieved one of the lowest background rates in the region of the 0νββ Q-value, 15.7±1.4 cts/(FWHM t y) from the low-background configuration spanning most of the 64.5 kg-yr active exposure. Nevertheless this background rate is a factor of five higher than the projected background rate. This discrepancy arises from an excess of events from the 232Th decay chain. Background-model fits aim to explain the deviation from assay-based projections, potentially determine the source(s) of observed backgrounds, and allow a precise measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life. The fits agree with earlier simulation studies, which indicate the origin of the 232Th excess is not from a near-detector component and have informed design decisions for the next-generation LEGEND experiment. Recent findings have narrowed the suspected locations for the excess activity, motivating a final simulation and assay campaign to complete the background model.

Published
2023

12. Energy calibration of germanium detectors for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen, TE, Li, A, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, Zhu, BX, and collaboration, The Majorana

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Analysis and statistical methods, Double-beta decay detectors, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Gamma detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator was a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in the 76Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a 228Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of the Demonstrator germanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure.

Published
2023

14. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author

Acharya, B., Adams, C., Aleksandrova, A. A., Alfonso, K., An, P., Baeßler, S., Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P. S., Bellini, F., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Bernauer, J. C., Bhattacharya, T., Bishof, M., Bolotnikov, A. E., Breur, P. A., Brodeur, M., Brodsky, J. P., Broussard, L. J., Brunner, T., Burdette, D. P., Caylor, J., Chiu, M., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Clayton, S. M., Daniels, T. V., Darroch, L., Davoudi, Z., de Gouvêa, A., Dekens, W., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D., Deshpande, A., Detwiler, J. A., Dodson, G. W., Dolinski, M. J., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Erler, J., Filippone, B. W., Fomin, N., Formaggio, J. A., Friesen, F. Q. L., Fry, J., Fujikawa, B. K., Fuller, G., Fuyuto, K., Gallant, A. T., Gallina, G., Ruiz, A. Garcia, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardner, S., Gonzalez, F. M., Gratta, G., Gruszko, J., Gudkov, V., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Haxton, W. C., Hayen, L., Hedges, S., Heeger, K. M., Heffner, M., Heise, J., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Hertzog, D. W., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Holt, J. D., Hoogerheide, S. F., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Howell, C. R., Huang, M., Hutzler, N. R., Imam, K., Ito, T. M., Jamil, A., Janssens, R. V., Jayich, A. M., Jones, B. J. P., Kammel, P., Liu, K. F., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Klein, J. R., Kneller, J. P., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Korsch, W., Krücken, R., Kumar, K. S., Launey, K. D., Lawrence, D., Leach, K. G., Lehnert, B., Lenardo, B. G., Li, Z., Lin, H. -W., Longfellow, B., Lopez-Caceres, S., Lunardini, C., MacLellan, R., Markoff, D. M., Maruyama, R. H., Mathews, D. G., Melconian, D., Mereghetti, E., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Nazarewicz, W., Newby, J., Nicholson, A. N., Novitski, E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ouellet, J. L., Parno, D. S., Paschke, K. D., Pastore, S., Pattie Jr, R. W., Petrov, A. A., Pitt, M. L., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pocar, A., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rahangdale, H., Rasco, B. C., Rasiwala, H., Redwine, R. P., Ritz, A., Rogers, L., Ron, G., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Sargsyan, G. H., Saunders, A., Savard, G., Schaper, D. C., Scholberg, K., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Singh, J. T., Singh, M., Singh, V., Snow, W. M., Soma, A. K., Souder, P. A., Speller, D. H., Stachurska, J., Surukuchi, P. T., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tomalak, O., Torres, J. A., Tyuka, O. A., VanDevender, B. A., Varriano, L., Vogt, R., Walker-Loud, A., Wamba, K., Watkins, S. L., Wietfeldt, F. E., Williams, W. D., Wilson, J. T., Winslow, L., Yan, X. L., Yang, L., Young, A. R., Zheng, X., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This whitepaper presents the research priorities decided on by attendees of the 2022 Town Meeting for Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons and Neutrinos, which took place December 13-15, 2022 in Chapel Hill, NC, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 275 scientists registered for the meeting. The whitepaper makes a number of explicit recommendations and justifies them in detail.

Published
2023

15. Erratum: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 080401 (2022)]

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Hervas Aguilar, D, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen V, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401.

Published
2023

16. Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of DMRadio-m$^3$

Author

DMRadio Collaboration, AlShirawi, A., Bartram, C., Benabou, J. N., Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Kurita, N., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10-200 MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ - 0.83 $\mu$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of DMRadio-m$^3$, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of two larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30-200 MHz can be achieved with a $3\sigma$ live scan time of 3.7 years., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

17. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Author

Adams, C., Alfonso, K., Andreoiu, C., Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Asaadi, J. A. A., Avignone, F. T., Axani, S. N., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Bhatta, T., Biancacci, V., Biassoni, M., Bossio, E., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brofferio, C., Brown, E., Brugnera, R., Brunner, T., Burlac, N., Caden, E., Calgaro, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Capelli, C., Cardani, L., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cattadori, C. M., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Church, E., Cirigliano, V., Collister, R., Comellato, T., Dalmasson, J., D'Andrea, V., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Decowski, M. P., Demarteau, M., Peixoto, S. De Meireles, Detwiler, J. A., DeVoe, R. G., Di Domizio, S., Di Marco, N., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Efremenko, Yu., Elbeltagi, M., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W. M., Farine, J., Febbraro, M., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fields, D. E., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Franke, B., Fu, Y., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Garfagnini, A., Gingras, C., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gold, M., Gornea, R., Grant, C., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Gruszko, J., Guan, Y., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Hauptman, J., Heffner, M., Heeger, K. M., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hodak, R., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Huang, H. Z., Inoue, K., Jamil, A., Jochum, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kaizer, J., Karapetrov, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Kidd, M. F., Kishimoto, Y., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kontul, I., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Krucken, R., Kumar, K. S., Lang, K., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., Lippi, I., Liu, J., Macko, M., MacLellan, R., Macolino, C., Majidi, S., Mamedov, F., Masbou, J., Massarczyk, R., Mastbaum, A. T., Mayer, D., Mazumdar, A., Mei, D. M., Mei, Y., Meijer, S. J., Mereghetti, E., Mertens, S., Mistry, K., Mitsui, T., Moore, D. C., Morella, M., Nattress, J. T., Neuberger, M., Ngwadla, X. E., Nones, C., Novosad, V., Nygren, D. R., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ouellet, J. L., Overman, C., Pagani, L., Palusova, V., Para, A., Pavan, M., Perna, A., Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piepke, A., Piseri, P., Pocar, A., Povinec, P., Psihas, F., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramonnye, G. J, Rasiwala, H., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Richardson, G., Rielage, K., Rogers, L., Rowson, P. C., Rukhadze, E., Saakyan, R., Sada, C., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Saldanha, R., Salvat, D. J., Sangiorgio, S., Schaper, D. C., Schoenert, S., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, S. E., Shitov, Y., Simkovic, F., Singh, V., Slavickova, M., Sousa, A. C., Spadoni, F. L., Speller, D. H., Stekl, I., Sumathi, R. R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tayloe, R., Tornow, W., Torres, J. A., Totev, T. I., Triambak, S., Tyuka, O. A., Vasilyev, S. I., Velazquez, M., Viel, S., Vogl, C., von Strum, K., Wang, Q., Waters, D., Watkins, S. L., Watts, M., Wei, W. -Z., Welliver, B., Wen, Liangjian, Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Winslow, L., Wiseman, C., Wu, X., Xu, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yu, C. H., Zeman, J., Zennamo, J., and Zuzel, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper, prepared for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting related to the 2023 Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan, makes the case for double beta decay as a critical component of the future nuclear physics program. The major experimental collaborations and many theorists have endorsed this white paper., Comment: white paper submitted for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting in support of the US Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning Process

Published
2022

18. Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, V., TE Lannen, Li, A, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the Majorana Demonstrator, a neutrinoless double-β decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in Ge76, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal, and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the Majorana Demonstrator by approximately 30% to around 2.4 keV full width at half-maximum at 2039 keV, the Ge76 Q value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented.

Published
2023

19. Modeling Backgrounds for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Haufe, C. R., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment containing $\sim$30 kg of p-type point contact germanium detectors enriched to 88% in 76Ge and $\sim$14 kg of natural germanium detectors. The detectors are housed in two electroformed copper cryostats and surrounded by a graded passive shield with active muon veto. An extensive radioassay campaign was performed prior to installation to insure the use of ultra-clean materials. The DEMONSTRATOR achieved one of the lowest background rates in the region of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ Q-value, 15.7 $\pm$ 1.4 cts/(FWHM t y) from the low-background configuration spanning most of the 64.5 kg-yr active exposure. Nevertheless this background rate is a factor of five higher than the projected background rate. This discrepancy arises from an excess of events from the 232Th decay chain. Background model fits aim to understand this deviation from assay-based projections, potentially determine the source(s) of observed backgrounds, and allow a precision measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life. The fits agree with earlier simulation studies, which indicate the origin of the 232Th excess is not from a near-detector component and have informed design decisions for the next-generation LEGEND experiment. Recent findings have narrowed the suspected locations for the excess activity, motivating a final simulation and assay campaign to complete the background model., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings from the Low Radioactivity Techniques Workshop 2022 in Rapid City, SD, USA

Published
2022

20. Weaning and extubation failure in myasthenic crisis: a multicenter analysis

Author

Neumann, Bernhard, Angstwurm, Klemens, Dohmen, Christian, Mergenthaler, Philipp, Kohler, Siegfried, Schönenberger, Silvia, Lee, De-Hyung, Gerner, Stefan T., Huttner, Hagen B., Thieme, Andrea, Steinbrecher, Andreas, Dunkel, Juliane, Roth, Christian, Schneider, Hauke, Reichmann, Heinz, Fuhrer, Hannah, Kleiter, Ingo, Schneider-Gold, Christiane, Alberty, Anke, Zinke, Jan, Schroeter, Michael, Linker, Ralf, Meisel, Andreas, Bösel, Julian, and Stetefeld, Henning R.

Published
2024
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21. Charge Trapping and Energy Performance of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR by approximately 30% to around 2.4 keV FWHM at 2039 keV, the $^{76}$Ge $Q$-value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2022
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22. Interpretable Boosted Decision Tree Analysis for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the data-driven nature makes it less interpretable compared to traditional analysis. An interpretability study reveals the machine's decision-making logic, allowing us to learn from the machine to feedback to the traditional analysis. In this work, we have presented the first machine learning analysis of the data from the Majorana Demonstrator; this is also the first interpretable machine learning analysis of any germanium detector experiment. Two gradient boosted decision tree models are trained to learn from the data, and a game-theory-based model interpretability study is conducted to understand the origin of the classification power. By learning from data, this analysis recognizes the correlations among reconstruction parameters to further enhance the background rejection performance. By learning from the machine, this analysis reveals the importance of new background categories to reciprocally benefit the standard Majorana analysis. This model is highly compatible with next-generation germanium detector experiments like LEGEND since it can be simultaneously trained on a large number of detectors., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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23. Final Result of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Neutrinoless Double-$\beta$ Decay in $^{76}$Ge

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{76}$Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to $\sim$88\% in $^{76}$Ge). From these measurements, the DEMONSTRATOR has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV $Q_{\beta\beta}$ (0.12\%), we set a half-life limit of $0\nu\beta\beta$ in $^{76}$Ge at $T_{1/2}>8.3\times10^{25}$ yr (90\% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on $m_{\beta\beta}$ of $(113-269)$ meV (90\% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022
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24. Exotic dark matter search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

With excellent energy resolution and ultra-low level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos, $\nu_s \rightarrow \nu_a$. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption ($\chi + A \rightarrow \nu + A$) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3$\rightarrow$2 scattering ($\chi + \chi + A \rightarrow \phi + A$), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1--100)-keV low energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019, using a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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25. Search for solar axions via axion-photon coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through the axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between Jan. 2017 and Nov. 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as $g_{a\gamma}<1.45\times 10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ (95% C.I.) for axions with mass up to 100 eV/$c^2$. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1 eV/$c^2$ and 100 eV/$c^2$., Comment: Minor updates to match published version

Published
2022
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26. Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator’s Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in Ge76

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Barton, PJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Hervas Aguilar, D, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen V, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to ∼88% in ^{76}Ge). From these measurements, the Demonstrator has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV Q_{ββ} (0.12%), we set a half-life limit of 0νββ in ^{76}Ge at T_{1/2}>8.3×10^{25}  yr (90% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on m_{ββ} of (113-269) meV (90% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements.

Published
2023

27. Interpretable boosted-decision-tree analysis for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, V., TE Lannen, Li, A, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, and Yu, C-H

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the data-driven nature makes it less interpretable compared to traditional analysis. An interpretability study reveals the machine's decision-making logic, allowing us to learn from the machine to feed back to the traditional analysis. In this work, we present the first machine learning analysis of the data from the Majorana Demonstrator; this is also the first interpretable machine learning analysis of any germanium detector experiment. Two gradient boosted decision tree models are trained to learn from the data, and a game-theory-based model interpretability study is conducted to understand the origin of the classification power. By learning from data, this analysis recognizes the correlations among reconstruction parameters to further enhance the background rejection performance. By learning from the machine, this analysis reveals the importance of new background categories to reciprocally benefit the standard Majorana analysis. This model is highly compatible with next-generation germanium detector experiments like LEGEND since it can be simultaneously trained on a large number of detectors.

Published
2023

28. Proposal for a definitive search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author

Brouwer, L, Chaudhuri, S, Cho, H-M, Corbin, J, Dawson, CS, Droster, A, Foster, JW, Fry, JT, Graham, PW, Henning, R, Irwin, KD, Kadribasic, F, Kahn, Y, Keller, A, Kolevatov, R, Kuenstner, S, Leder, AF, Li, D, Ouellet, JL, Pappas, KMW, Phipps, A, Rapidis, NM, Safdi, BR, Salemi, CP, Simanovskaia, M, Singh, J, van Assendelft, EC, van Bibber, K, Wells, K, Winslow, L, Wisniewski, WJ, and Young, BA

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program.

Published
2022

29. Projected Sensitivity of DMRadio-m$^3$: A Search for the QCD Axion Below $1\,\mu$eV

Author

DMRadio Collaboration, Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The QCD axion is one of the most compelling candidates to explain the dark matter abundance of the universe. With its extremely small mass ($\ll 1\,\mathrm{eV}/c^2$), axion dark matter interacts as a classical field rather than a particle. Its coupling to photons leads to a modification of Maxwell's equations that can be measured with extremely sensitive readout circuits. DMRadio-m$^3$ is a next-generation search for axion dark matter below $1\,\mu$eV using a $>4$ T static magnetic field, a coaxial inductive pickup, a tunable LC resonator, and a DC-SQUID readout. It is designed to search for QCD axion dark matter over the range $20\,\mathrm{neV}\lesssim m_ac^2\lesssim 800\,\mathrm{neV}$ ($5\,\mathrm{MHz}<\nu<200\,\mathrm{MHz}$). The primary science goal aims to achieve DFSZ sensitivity above $m_ac^2\approx 120$ neV (30 MHz), with a secondary science goal of probing KSVZ axions down to $m_ac^2\approx40\,\mathrm{neV}$ (10 MHz)., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Updated to fix small errors and correct acknowledgements. Updated title and notational clarifications

Published
2022
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30. Axion Dark Matter

Author

Adams, C. B., Aggarwal, N., Agrawal, A., Balafendiev, R., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Bekker, H., Belov, P., Berggren, K. K., Berlin, A., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Caldwell, A., Carenza, P., Carosi, G., Cervantes, R., Chakrabarty, S. S., Chaudhuri, S., Chen, T. Y., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Co, R. T., Conrad, J., Croon, D., D'Agnolo, R. T., Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Descalle, M., Desch, K., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Dona, K., Drachnev, I. S., Droster, A., Du, N., Dunne, K., Döbrich, B., Ellis, S. A. R., Essig, R., Fan, J., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Rosso, A. Gallo, Barceló, J. M. García, Irastorza, I. G., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghosh, S., Giaccone, B., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Grin, D., Grote, H., Guzzetti, M., Awida, M. H., Henning, R., Hoof, S., Hoshino, G., Irsic, V., Irwin, K. D., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Jakovcic, K., Jewell, M. J., Kagan, M., Kahn, Y., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kovachy, T., Krueger, P., Kuenstner, S. E., Kurinsky, N. A., Leane, R. K., Leder, A. F., Lee, C., Lehnert, K. W., Lentz, E. W., Lewis, S. M., Liu, J., Lynn, M., Majorovits, B., Marsh, D. J. E., Maruyama, R. H., McAllister, B. T., Millar, A. J., Miller, D. W., Mitchell, J., Morampudi, S., Mueller, G., Nagaitsev, S., Nardi, E., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oblath, N. S., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peiris, H. V., Perez, K., Phipps, A., Pivovaroff, M. J., Quílez, P., Rapidis, N. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Ruz, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safdi, B. R., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schuster, P., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Sinha, K., Sinnis, J. T., Siodlaczek, M., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Sokolov, A. V., Sonnenschein, A., Speller, D. H., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Tavecchio, F., Temples, D. J., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Toro, N., Tsai, Y. -D., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Vandegar, M., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Vogel, J. K., Wang, Z., Wickenbrock, A., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zhou, K., and Zhou, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Axions are well-motivated dark matter candidates with simple cosmological production mechanisms. They were originally introduced to solve the strong CP problem, but also arise in a wide range of extensions to the Standard Model. This Snowmass white paper summarizes axion phenomenology and outlines next-generation laboratory experiments proposed to detect axion dark matter. There are vibrant synergies with astrophysical searches and advances in instrumentation including quantum-enabled readout, high-Q resonators and cavities and large high-field magnets. This white paper outlines a clear roadmap to discovery, and shows that the US is well-positioned to be at the forefront of the search for axion dark matter in the coming decade., Comment: restore and expand author list

Published
2022

31. New Horizons: Scalar and Vector Ultralight Dark Matter

Author

Antypas, D., Banerjee, A., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Betz, J., Bollinger, J. J., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Carney, D., Carosi, G., Chaudhuri, S., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Chowdhury, M. D., Co, R. T., López-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Derbin, A. V., Deshpande, T., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Doyle, J. M., Drlica-Wagner, A., Droster, A., Du, N., Döbrich, B., Eby, J., Essig, R., Farren, G. S., Figueroa, N. L., Fry, J. T., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghalsasi, A., Ghosh, S., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Griffin, S. M., Grin, D., Grote, H., Gundlach, J. H., Guzzetti, M., Hanneke, D., Harnik, R., Henning, R., Irsic, V., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Kagan, M., Kedar, D., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kolkowitz, S., Kovachy, T., Kuenstner, S. E., Lasner, Z., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, R., Leibrandt, D. R., Lentz, E., Lewis, S. M., Liu, Z., Manley, J., Maruyama, R. H., Millar, A. J., Muratova, V. N., Musoke, N., Nagaitsev, S., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peik, E., Perez, G., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Robinson, J. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schmidt, P. O., Schumm, T., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Temples, D. J., Thirolf, P. G., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Tretiak, O., Tsai, Y. -D., Tyson, J. A., Vandegar, M., Vermeulen, S., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Wang, Z., Wilson, D. J., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Ye, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zaheer, M. H., Zelevinsky, T., Zhao, Y., and Zhou, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The last decade has seen unprecedented effort in dark matter model building at all mass scales coupled with the design of numerous new detection strategies. Transformative advances in quantum technologies have led to a plethora of new high-precision quantum sensors and dark matter detection strategies for ultralight ($<10\,$eV) bosonic dark matter that can be described by an oscillating classical, largely coherent field. This white paper focuses on searches for wavelike scalar and vector dark matter candidates., Comment: Snowmass 2021 White Paper

Published
2022

32. Experimental study of 13C({\alpha},n)16O reactions in the Majorana Demonstrator calibration data

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutron captures and delayed decays of reaction products are common sources of backgrounds in ultra-rare event searches. In this work, we studied $^{13}$C($\alpha,n)^{16}$O reactions induced by $\alpha$-particles emitted within the calibration sources of the \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator}. These sources are thorium-based calibration standards enclosed in carbon-rich materials. The reaction rate was estimated by using the 6129-keV $\gamma$-rays emitted from the excited $^{16}$O states that are populated when the incoming $\alpha$-particles exceed the reaction Q-value. Thanks to the excellent energy performance of the \textsc{Demonstrator}'s germanium detectors, these characteristic photons can be clearly observed in the calibration data. Facilitated by \textsc{Geant4} simulations, a comparison between the observed 6129-keV photon rates and predictions by a TALYS-based software was performed. The measurements and predictions were found to be consistent, albeit with large statistical uncertainties. This agreement provides support for background projections from ($\alpha,n$)-reactions in future double-beta decay search efforts., Comment: Published version

Published
2022
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33. Introducing DMRadio-GUT, a search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author

Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly-motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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34. Search for charge nonconservation and Pauli exclusion principle violation with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) result from fundamental symmetries in the Standard Model, and are typically taken as axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could point to new physics. In this work we consider three models for violation of these processes which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity germanium detectors of the Majorana Demonstrator. Using a 37.5 kg-yr exposure, we report a new lower limit on the electron mean lifetime of $\tau_e > 3.2 \times 10^{25}$ yr (90\% CL), the best result for this decay channel ($e \rightarrow \nu_e \overline{\nu_e} \nu_e$ or more generally $e \rightarrow \mathrm{invisibles}$) in more than two decades. We also present searches for two types of violation of the PEP, setting new limits on the probability of two electrons forming a symmetric quantum state. Using our $^{228}$Th calibration data set, which introduces electrons new to the system through electron-positron pair production, we obtain a world-leading model-independent limit for a terrestrial experiment of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-3}$ (99.7\% CL). Our 37.5 kg-yr exposure is also used to search for a process where an electron in an atomic system spontaneously violates the PEP, resulting in a model-dependent upper limit of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-48}$ (90\% CL).

Published
2022
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35. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wavefunction Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$) array of $p$-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19--100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, $\lambda$, providing a factor of 40--100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Di\`osi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit., Comment: This document was corrected in accordance with the erratum: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.239902. The number presented in the recent version of this article is correct

Published
2022
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36. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Hervas Aguilar, D, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen V, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19-100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, λ, providing a factor of 40-100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Diòsi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit.

Published
2022

37. Search for Solar Axions via Axion-Photon Coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Hervas Aguilar, D, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen V, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Schaper, DC, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Majorana Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between January, 2017 and November, 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as g_{aγ}

Published
2022

38. Experimental study of C13(α,n)O16 reactions in the Majorana Demonstrator calibration data

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bhimani, KH, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen, TE, Li, A, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Neutron captures and delayed decays of reaction products are common sources of backgrounds in ultrarare event searches. In this work, we studied C13(α,n)O16 reactions induced by α particles emitted within the calibration sources of the Majorana Demonstrator. These sources are thorium-based calibration standards enclosed in carbon-rich materials. The reaction rate was estimated by using the 6129-keV γ rays emitted from the excited O16 states that are populated when the incoming α particles exceed the reaction Q value. Thanks to the excellent energy performance of the Demonstrator's germanium detectors, these characteristic photons can be clearly observed in the calibration data. Facilitated by Geant4 simulations, a comparison between the observed 6129-keV photon rates and predictions by a talys-based software was performed. The measurements and predictions were found to be consistent, albeit with large statistical uncertainties. This agreement provides support for background projections from (α,n) reactions in future double-beta decay search efforts.

Published
2022

39. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Readout Electronics System

Author

Abgrall, N., Amman, M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bhimani, K. H., Bos, B., Bradley, A. W., Burritt, T. H., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cooper, R. J., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Li, A., Loach, J. C., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Luke, P. N., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Peterson, D., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Sayki, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Van Wechel, T. D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vetter, K., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yaver, H., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Zimmermann, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76-Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated., Comment: For submission to JINST, 17 figures. v2: revised version

Published
2021
Full Text
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40. Signatures of muonic activation in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Edwards, T. R., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Experiments searching for very rare processes such as neutrinoless double-beta decay require a detailed understanding of all sources of background. Signals from radioactive impurities present in construction and detector materials can be suppressed using a number of well-understood techniques. Background from in-situ cosmogenic interactions can be reduced by siting an experiment deep underground. However, the next generation of such experiments have unprecedented sensitivity goals of 10$^{28}$ years half-life with background rates of 10$^{-5}$cts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. To achieve these goals, the remaining cosmogenic background must be well understood. In the work presented here, Majorana Demonstrator data is used to search for decay signatures of meta-stable germanium isotopes. Contributions to the region of interest in energy and time are estimated using simulations, and compared to Demonstrator data. Correlated time-delayed signals are used to identify decay signatures of isotopes produced in the germanium detectors. A good agreement between expected and measured rate is found and different simulation frameworks are used to estimate the uncertainties of the predictions. The simulation campaign is then extended to characterize the background for the LEGEND experiment, a proposed tonne-scale effort searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2021
Full Text
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41. The Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics system

Author

Abgrall, N, Amman, M, Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Barton, PJ, Bertrand, FE, Bhimani, KH, Bos, B, Bradley, AW, Burritt, TH, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cooper, RJ, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Drobizhev, A, Edwins, DW, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Gilliss, T, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Hegedus, RJ, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Li, A, Loach, JC, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Luke, PN, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Myslik, J, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Peterson, D, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Rager, J, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Ruof, NW, Sayki, B, Stortini, MJ, Tedeschi, D, Turqueti, M, Van Wechel, TD, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Vetter, K, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yaver, H, Yu, C-H, Zhu, BX, and Zimmermann, S

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Double-beta decay detectors, Electronic detector readout concepts, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated.

Published
2022

42. α-event characterization and rejection in point-contact HPGe detectors

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bertrand, FE, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Drobizhev, A, Edwards, TR, Edwins, DW, Edzards, F, Efremenko, Y, Elliott, SR, Gilliss, T, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Hegedus, RJ, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Myslik, J, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Rager, J, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Saykı, B, Schönert, S, Stortini, MJ, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Willers, M, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Clinical Research, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to α particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p + surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the Majorana Demonstrator experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ( 0νββ ) in 76 Ge. α decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of α identification, reliably identifying α background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface α events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the 0νββ region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the Majorana Demonstrator  and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment.

Published
2022

43. LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report

Author

LEGEND Collaboration, Abgrall, N., Abt, I., Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Andreoiu, C., Araujo, G. R., Avignone III, F. T., Bae, W., Bakalyarov, A., Balata, M., Bantel, M., Barabanov, I., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Bernieri, E., Bezrukov, L., Bhimani, K. H., Biancacci, V., Blalock, E., Bolozdynya, A., Borden, S., Bos, B., Bossio, E., Boston, A., Bothe, V., Bouabid, R., Boyd, S., Brugnera, R., Burlac, N., Busch, M., Caldwell, A., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R., Cattadori, C., Chan, Y. -D., Chernogorov, A., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M., Cohen, T., Combs, D., Comellato, T., Cooper, R. J., Costa, I. A., D'Andrea, V., Detwiler, J. A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Dobson, J., Drobizhev, A., Durand, M. R., Edzards, F., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Engelhardt, A., Fajt, L., Faud, N., Febbraro, M. T., Ferella, F., Fields, D. E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Fox, H., Franchi, J., Gala, R., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Geraci, A., Gilbert, C., Gold, M., Gooch, C., Gradwohl, K. P., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Grobov, A., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I., Guiseppe, V. E., Gurentsov, V., Gurov, Y., Gusev, K., Hacket, B., Hagemann, F., Hakenmüeller, J., Haranczyk, M., Hauertmann, L., Haufe, C. R., Hayward, C., Heffron, B., Henkes, F., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hinton, J., Hodak, R., Hoffmann, H., Hofmann, W., Hostiuc, A., Huang, J., Hult, M., Mirza, M. Ibrahim, Jochum, J., Jones, R., Judson, D., Junker, M., Kaizer, J., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kidd, M., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kim, I., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Konovalov, S. I., Kontul, I., Kool, K., Kormos, L. L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korosec, M., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., López-Castaño, J. M., Lang, K., Laubenstein, M., León, E., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Liu, X., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lusardi, N., Müller, Y., Macko, M., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Mamedov, F., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Martin, R. D., Martin, E. L., Massarczyk, R., Mei, D., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Misiaszek, M., Mondragon, E., Morella, M., Morgan, B., Mroz, T., Muenstermann, D., Nave, C. J., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Oli, T. K., Gann, G. Orebi, Othman, G., Palušova, V., Panth, R., Papp, L., Paudel, L. S., Pelczar, K., Perez, J. Perez, Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piseri, P., Poon, A. W. P., Povinec, P., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramachers, Y. A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Reine, A. L., Riboldi, S., Rielage, K., Rozov, S., Rukhadze, E., Rumyantseva, N., Runge, J., Ruof, N. W., Saakyan, R., Sailer, S., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Salvat, D. J., Sandukovsky, V., Schönert, S., Schültz, A., Schütt, M., Schaper, D. C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schuster, M., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shafiee, M., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shitov, Y., Simgen, H., Simkovic, F., Skorokhvatov, M., Slavickova, M., Smolek, K., Smolnikov, A., Solomon, J. A., Song, G., Starosta, K., Stekl, I., Stommel, M., Stukov, D., Sumathi, R. R., Sweigart, D. A., Szczepaniec, K., Taffarello, L., Tagnani, D., Tayloe, R., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Veresnikova, A., Vetter, K., Vignoli, C., Vogl, C., von Sturm, K., Waters, D., Waters, J. C., Wei, W., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Wojcik, M., Wu, V. H. -S., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Ye, T., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zaretski, N., Zeman, J., Zhitnikov, I., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A. -K., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.

Published
2021

44. Signatures of muonic activation in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Barabash, AS, Barton, CJ, Bertrand, FE, Blalock, E, Bos, B, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Clark, ML, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Edwards, TR, Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Haufe, CR, Henning, R, Aguilar, D Hervas, Hoppe, EW, Hostiuc, A, Kidd, MF, Kim, I, Kouzes, RT, Lannen, TEV, Lopez, AM, López-Castaño, JM, Martin, EL, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, Meijer, SJ, Mertens, S, Oli, TK, Othman, G, Paudel, LS, Pettus, W, Poon, AWP, Radford, DC, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Ruof, NW, Tedeschi, D, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yu, C-H, and Zhu, BX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Experiments searching for very rare processes such as neutrinoless double-beta decay require a detailed understanding of all sources of background. Signals from radioactive impurities present in construction and detector materials can be suppressed using a number of well-understood techniques. Background from in situ cosmogenic interactions can be reduced by siting an experiment deep underground. However, the next generation of such experiments have unprecedented sensitivity goals of 1028 years half-life with background rates of 10-5cts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. To achieve these goals, the remaining cosmogenic background must be well understood. In the work presented here, Majorana Demonstrator data are used to search for decay signatures of metastable germanium isotopes. Contributions to the region of interest in energy and time are estimated using simulations and compared to Demonstrator data. Correlated time-delayed signals are used to identify decay signatures of isotopes produced in the germanium detectors. A good agreement between expected and measured rate is found and different simulation frameworks are used to estimate the uncertainties of the predictions. The simulation campaign is then extended to characterize the background for the LEGEND experiment, a proposed tonne-scale effort searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Ge76.

Published
2022

45. A Comparative Analysis on LaueUtil and PRECOGNITION Software Packages as Tools in Treating the Small Molecule Time-Resolved Laue Diffraction Measurements at High Flux X-ray facilities

Author

Velazquez-Garcia, J. J., Wong, J., Basuroy, K., Storozhuk, D., Saouane, S., Henning, R., and Techert, S.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Investigating metal organic systems with time-resolved photocrystallography poses a unique challenge while interpreting the time dependent photodifference maps. In these difference Fourier maps, the signals correspond to the movement of heavy metal atoms always overpower the signals from much lighter atoms attached to them. For a systematic assessment of the quality of the photodifference maps obtained from metal organic systems, in this work, LaueUtil and PRECOGNITION software were used to treat time-resolved Laue crystallography data of a [2x2] matrix-like Fe(II) complex. The rigid spot identification method in LaueUtil allows to identify and index > 250,000 reflections per 10 datasets. Though this leads to low completeness (< 30%), the software only treats the information from highly reliable diffraction spots. As a result, clean photodifference maps and small values in the thermal scale factor have been obtained. In the PRECOGNITION case, the package indexed more than 160,000 reflections per dataset. The resulting completeness is higher (>86%) and useful photodifference maps can be obtained by careful data treatment. However, the dependence on the refinement of the lambda curve as well as the degradation of the sample may be reflected on the large thermal scale factors which also contribute as noise in the photodifference maps., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

Published
2020

46. The Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is a neutrinoless double-beta decay search consisting of a low-background modular array of high-purity germanium detectors, $\sim2/3$ of which are enriched to 88\% in $^{76}$Ge. The experiment is also searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (e.s.) in $^{76}$Se. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three daughter states of $^{76}$Se, with clear event signatures consisting of a $\beta\beta$-decay followed by the prompt emission of one or two $\gamma$-rays. This results with high probability in multi-detector coincidences. The granularity of the Demonstrator detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 41.9~kg-y of isotopic exposure, the Demonstrator has set world leading limits for each e.s.\ decay of $^{76}$Ge, with 90\% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.75-4.0)\times10^{24}$~y. In particular, for the $2\nu$ transition to the first $0^+$ e.s.\ of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $7.5\times10^{23}$~y at 90\% CL was achieved., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

Published
2020
Full Text
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47. $\alpha$-event Characterization and Rejection in Point-Contact HPGe Detectors

Author

The MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Schönert, S., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to $\alpha$ particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p+ surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{76}$Ge. $\alpha$ decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of $\alpha$ identification, reliably identifying $\alpha$ background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface $\alpha$ events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment., Comment: Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics C

Published
2020
Full Text
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48. ADC Nonlinearity Correction for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Abgrall, N., Allmond, J. M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Campbell, C. M., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Crawford, H. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Shanks, B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Imperfections in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) cannot be ignored when signal digitization requirements demand both wide dynamic range and high resolution, as is the case for the Majorana Demonstrator 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay search. Enabling the experiment's high-resolution spectral analysis and efficient pulse shape discrimination required careful measurement and correction of ADC nonlinearites. A simple measurement protocol was developed that did not require sophisticated equipment or lengthy data taking campaigns. A slope-dependent hysteresis was observed and characterized. A correction applied to digitized waveforms prior to signal processing reduced the differential and integral nonlinearites by an order of magnitude, eliminating these as dominant contributions to the systematic energy uncertainty at the double-beta decay Q value.

Published
2020
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49. A Low Energy Rare Event Search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Wiseman, C., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Sayki, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is sensitive to rare events near its energy threshold, including bosonic dark matter, solar axions, and lightly ionizing particles. In this analysis, a novel training set of low energy small-angle Compton scatter events is used to determine the efficiency of pulse shape analysis cuts, and we present updated bosonic dark matter and solar axion results from an 11.17 kg-y dataset using a 5 keV analysis threshold., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2019), September 9-13, 2019, Toyama, Japan

Published
2019
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50. Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author

Guinn, I. S., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P-H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., no, J. M. López-Casta, Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (E.S.) in $^{76}$Se using a modular array of high purity Germanium detectors. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three E.S.s of $^{76}$Se. The E.S. decays have a clear event signature consisting of a $\beta\beta$-decay with the prompt emission of one or two $\gamma$-rays, resulting in with high probability in a multi-site event. The granularity of the DEMONSTRATOR detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 21.3 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR has set world leading limits for each E.S. decay, with 90% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.56-2.1)\cdot10^{24}$ y. In particular, for the $2\nu$ transition to the first $0^+$ E.S. of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $0.68\cdot10^{24}$ at 90% CL was achieved.

Published
2019
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