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Agroforestry has many benefits, especially in improving the economy and food security. The purpose of this study was to analyze food availability and the level of community food security in Pahawang Island, Indonesia. The data were analyzed descriptively and based on the House hold food security access scale (HFSAS) on 9 variables. The results showed that the food provided from the agroforestry area consisted of vegetables, fruits, tubers and empon-empon while the food that could not be provided from the agroforestry area was rice, fish, tempeh, tofu, chicken, meat and others. etc. are obtained from the sale of agroforestry products. The revenue from this agroforestry product reaches Rp. 641,085, 000 per year or equivalent to 64,108.5 kilograms of rice per year. This means that for 14 days the community can survive if Pahawang Island experiences a disaster that causes people to be unable to leave the island. Based on the calculation results, the average food security score of Pahawang Island is included in the category of moderately food security with a score of 15.6. Agroforestry management in Pahawang Island needs to be maintained because it has proven to be able to improve community food security. The addition of commercial plant species also needs to be done, especially from the types of fruits and woody plants.

Dara W, Iswandaru D, Wulandari C, Novriyanti, Prasetia H. 2023. Short Communication: Diversity of small mammals (non-volant) in tropical peatland ecosystem of Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 30-35. Peatlands areas dominate Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park (OKH Forest Park), Jambi, Indonesia. The largest forest fire in the OKH Forest Park area occurred in 2015, damaging more than 70% of the area. The event subsequently affected the existing biodiversity, especially the diversity of small mammals. Small mammals have an important role in the ecosystem as agents in regeneration and restoration, including in the OKH Forest Park. The method used is the cage trap method which is placed by systematic sampling. Traps were placed in two types of habitats, namely shrubs, and forests. The bait variation consisted of coconut, sweet potato, banana, and oil palm fruit. All baits were treated by burning to give off an aroma. The resulting data were analyzed quantitatively using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. Types of small mammals found in shrubs and forest habitats are Malaysian field rats (Rattus tiomanicus (Miller, 1900)) and plantain squirrels (Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert, 1785)) The diversity index shows a low category with a value of (H' = 0.17884). That indicates the condition of the habitat in the post-burnt peat ecosystem is still relatively depressed.

The quite high community activities in urban areas have caused the Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest to become an alternative tourism spot easily accessible by urban communities. There is, however, the need for natural tourism development in regional planning and conservation towards increasing the economic value of these urban forests. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the economic value of nature tourism in Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest and its role in environmental conservation. This involved the selection of 100 respondents as samples through incidental sampling techniques. Data was collected using interviews and analyzed quantitatively with the travel cost method and descriptively. The results showed the economic value of the Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest is Rp 4,557,944,880 per year, with visitors having a surplus of Rp 119,433 per visitor per visit and spending Rp 96,630/person/visit with the highest on transportation. The role of urban forests in environmental conservation is quite significant in preventing environmental damage, and it is possible to enhance this through the addition and diversification of tree species, protection of biodiversity, selection of appropriate tree species, development of environmentally friendly tourism facilities, providing conservation education to visitors, and policy support from the government. Moreover, it is also possible for the government to use Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest as a model to develop urban forest tourism in other areas.

The use of mercury in gold refining causes air pollution and results in the contamination of multipurpose tree species (MPTS). Tree bark has properties that cause it to store mercury for quite a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine mercury contamination of MPTS and map the mercury contamination distribution in the atmosphere using tree barks as bioindicators. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling. The mercury concentration was obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the highest THg contents were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis was carried out by gauging total mercury (THg), distance, elevation to THg, and interpolation of THg at the research site. The results showed that there were 10 types of MPTS trees whose bark could accumulate mercury. The bark of the Tamarindus indica tree stored the greatest amount of THg (74.4 µg dry weight (DW)), followed by Persea americana (58.7 µg DW), and Annona muricata (44.2 µg DW), respectively. This result was influenced by the roughness of the bark and the location of the plants. No correlation was found between distance and elevation to THg on tree bark. The mercury interpolation in the atmosphere showed that mercury moves from the purification point to the southeast of the purification location.

It is well known that atmospheric mercury (Hg) contaminates air, water, soil, and living organisms, including trees. Therefore, tree bark can be used for the environmental assessment of atmospheric contamination because it absorbs heavy metals. This study aimed to establish a new biomonitoring for the assessment of atmospheric Hg pollution. Reporting on atmospheric Hg contamination in an artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in North Gorontalo, Indonesia, we calculated the total weight of Hg (THg) and quantitatively measured the concentrations of Hg in the tree bark of Mangifera indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Terminalia catappa, and Lansium domesticum. The THg of Hg in the M. indica tree bark samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 74.6 μg dry weight (DW) per sample. The total Hg in the tree bark of S. aromaticum, T. catappa, and L. domesticum ranged from ND to 156.8, ND to 180, and ND to 63.4 μg DW, respectively. We concluded that topography significantly influences the accumulation of Hg together with local weather conditions. A mapped distribution of the THg suggested that the distribution of THg in the tree bark was not affected by the distance to the amalgamation site. Therefore, tree bark can be used as biomonitoring of atmospheric Hg contamination for the assessment of ASGM areas.

The traditional house is one of the nature reserves that have the characteristics of various regions and must be protected and preserved. This research aimed to explain the species of wood used in the manufacture of traditional Besemah houses in the Pelang Kenidai Village, Central Dempo District, Pagaralam City, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The implemented methodology of this study was a qualitative approach alongside a case study method. The wood species used in the preservation of traditional Besemah houses (ghumah baghi) consisted of three species: mersawa (Anisoptera sp.), surian (Toona sureni Merr.) and rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha). The government is expected to support the preservation of traditional houses through policies on preserving traditional houses, rehabilitating forests and land, cultivating the species of wood used as raw materials for making traditional houses, providing alternative species of other wood as a substitute for these woods, developing culture-based tourism and supporting the community in preserving the culture they have.

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a fast-growing species widely planted in Industrial Plantation Forests (IPF/HTI) and has high economic value. The provision of planting material must be well prepared and planned to get the appropriate nursery planting media composition. The Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) biochar application improves soil's chemical and physical properties to provide nutrients for plants. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of EFB biochar on the growth of sengon roots. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) by applying four treatment levels and 20 repetitions. The treatments were (A) 100% soil (control), (B) 5% EFB biochar, (C) 10% EFB biochar, and (D) 15% EFB biochar. The data were then analyzed by analysis of variance to see the effect of the treatment on the observed root growth parameters, followed by the 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test to determine differences between treatments. The parameters observed were root length, root volume, root wet weight, and root dry weight. The result showed that the application of EFB biochar increased the growth of sengon roots compared to the control. The greater the dose of the addition of EFB biochar given to the growing media, the more it showed a positive response in improving the growth of sengon roots. In this study, the 15% dose showed the best results compared to other treatments.

In this study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning models on students' understanding of nationalism and patriotism of elementary school students as citizens. This type of research is an experimental study in the form of a pretest-posttest control group design research design. Hypothesis testing results explain the calculated t value obtained is equal to 5,216 and a significance value of 0,000, the hypothesis testing results indicate that the calculated t value obtained is greater than the t value in the table (5.216> 2.408) while the significance value is smaller than the α value (0,000

This study aimed to research the effect of problem based learning on students' understanding of the rights and obligations of primary school students as citizenship. The type of the research was experimental research with pretest-posttest control group research design. Results of testing the hypothesis that t value obtained is equal to 5.216 and a significance value of 0.000. Thus the t value obtained is greater than t table (5.216> 2.408), while the significance value is smaller than the value of α (0.000 2,408) sedangkan nilai signifikansi tersebut lebih kecil dari nilai α (0,000

Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan jumlah yang banyak dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biochar yang diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, biologi dan kimia serta menjadi pembenah tanah (soil amendment). Penanganan limbah yang tidak tepat akan mencemari lingkungan, upaya untuk meminimalisirnya yaitu dengan pemanfaatan menjadi biochar. Berat jenis biochar yang sangat rendah menyebabkan sulit tercampur merata dengan media tanam, cara mengatasinya dengan metode enkapsul. Pemberian aplikasi enkapsul biochar untuk perkembangan tanaman sengon merupakan alternatif yang baik. Serta dapat melindungi bahan aktif yang ada di biochar menggunakan bahan pembungkus, sehingga dapat memperbaiki kualitas dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian enkapsul biochar tandan kososng kelapa sawit terhadap perkembangan akar sengon. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu tanpa penggunaan enkapsul biochar, menggunakan enkapsul biochar dengan persentase 5%, menggunakan enkapsul biochar dengan persentase 10%, dan menggunakan enkapsul biochar dengan persentase 25%. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis ragam (Anara) dan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enkapsul biochar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang baik dibandingkan dengan tanpa penggunaan enkapsul biochar. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian enkapsul biochar tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan persentase 25% menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik pada pertumbuhan akar sengon dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biochar application in growing media on the development ofthe roots of Falcataria moluccanna seedlings. Biochar from the waste of meranti wood (Shorea sp.) was produced bya slow pyrolysis process using a traditional kiln at a temperature of 600°C. The study was arranged in a completelyrandomized design with three treatments and 15 replications. The treatments were 100% topsoil (control), 5% biocharand 10% biochar addition to the planting media. F. moluccana was grown from seeds germinated in sand media. Afterone month, F. moluccana was transferred to polybags filled with planting media according to the treatment. Theobservations were conducted for four months. The parameters observed were root length, root volume, and root biomass. The results showed that the addition of biochar indicated a very significant difference in root length, root volume, and root biomass compared to the control. However, the two dosages showed no significantly different effect on root growth. This study concluded that the addition of 5% biochar meranti in the planting media could increase theroot growth of F. moluccana. Keywords: Biochar, Falcataria moluccanna, root growth.

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of biochar addition on the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings. Biochar from shorea was produced using a traditional kiln at 400 °C and 600 °C. The scarification of P. falcataria seeds were conducted using hot water with temperature at 80 °C and then soaked for 24 h. The seeds were then spread on to the germination media and after germinated, the seedlings were moved to polybags contain soil and biochar. Two dosages of biochar such as 25 and 50% were applied and compared with control. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 replicates. The examination of seedlings growth was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every month. The results showed that the addition of biochar improved the survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, root length and root volume. The results showed a potential of using biochar to improve the growth of P. falcataria seedlings in the nursery.

The objective of this study was to determine the properties of biochar from meranti (Shorea sp.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Biochar was produced using a traditional kiln with a temperature of 400°C and 600°C. The char yield, pH, and proximate analysis were evaluated. The results showed that the maximum char yield was obtained at 400°C, and the increase in temperature resulted in decreased char yield. At the same pyrolysis temperature, char yield was higher in meranti than OPEFB. The results revealed that the pH of meranti and OPEFB changed into basic after pyrolysis, which is essential when biochar is added to soil to neutralize soil acidity and increase the soil cation exchange capacity. The results also showed an increase of fixed carbon in meranti and OPEFB after pyrolysis at 400°C and 600°C. The higher heating values (HHV) in meranti and OPEFB increased after pyrolysis, with a remarkable increase of HHV observed in meranti than OPEFB, showing a higher potential of biochar from meranti to be used for bioenergy application than OPEFB.

Banana is one of the local fruit potentials that optimally have not been used. Many banana producers have complained about the low selling price. This is due to the lack of community knowledge on the food diversification products which made from banana as an alternative to improve the quality and price of bananas. The purpose of this community service activity was to increase knowledge and develop community creativity through the food diversification product of bananas by making the banana nuggets and flour. This activity was conducted on November 2019 in Banding and Sukaraja Village, Rajabasa District, South Lampung Regency. The applied method of this activity was a group meeting which the implementation includes three stages that was socialization, discussion, and evaluation. The results of the community service showed that community knowledge have been increased significantly after comparing the pretest and posttest results. The community was very enthusiastic about the activity because it was able to open their mindset about local fruit potentials that optimally have not been utilized, thus it was encouraged the community's desire to be creative on promoting local products that could increase the income. Keywords: Banana, Local Potential, Nuggets, Flour, Community ABSTRAK Pisang merupakan salah satu potensi buah lokal yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Produsen pisang masih banyak yang mengeluhkan harga jualnya yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang diversifikasi produk pangan berbahan baku pisang yang dapat menjadi alternatif dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan harga jual pisang. Tujuan dilakukannya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mengembangkan kreatifitas masyarakat melalui diversifikasi produk pangan berbahan baku pisang yaitu pembuatan nugget dan tepung pisang. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 di Desa Banding dan Desa Sukaraja, Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pertemuan kelompok yang pelaksanaannya meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu sosialisasi, diskusi, dan evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat meningkat secara signifikan setelah membandingkan hasil pretest dan posttest. Masyarakat sangat antusias dengan adanya kegiatan ini karena mampu membuka pola pikirnya mengenai potensi lokal yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, sehingga mendorong keinginan masyarakat untuk berkreasi dalam mengedepankan produk lokal yang mampu meningkatkan pendapatan. K ata Kunci : Pisang, Potensi Lokal, Nugget, Tepung, Masyarakat

Mercury (Hg) atmospheric contamination have been analysed using several indicators. In this study, the tree bark was used to indicate Hg contamination of the atmosphere in ASGM area. This study aimed to determine the potential species to assess Hg atmospheric contamination by using tree bark. The Hg concentration was determined in the tree bark from various tree species. The tree bark was collected at Diameter Breast Height (DBH) which is about 130 cm. The fine powder of tree bark was analysed by PIXE to detect Hg concentration. The results show thatMangifera indica, Lansiumdomesticum, Syzygium aromaticumandArtocarpus heterophyllusspecies accumulate Hg concentration about 4.90 to 10.3, ND to 1.10, ND to 4.42 and 2.43 mg/kg-DW, respectively. This suggests thatM. indica, L. domesticum, S. aromaticum,andA. heterophyllusshow high toxic of Hg contamination in the tree bark compared to tolerable toxic level in the plant.This study indicates that the surface condition of tree bark probably effects on the detection of Hg contamination in each tree species. The tree plant, especially tree bark, is a good candidate to assess Hg atmospheric contamination.

甲理工博第485号

We report the atmospheric Hg contamination in an artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in North Gorontalo, Indonesia. It is well known that atmospheric Hg contaminates the air, water, soil, and living organisms, including trees. In this study, we calculated total weight of heavy metals, especially Hg, and quantitatively measure the concentrations of heavy metals, especially Hg, in tree bark from an ASGM area. Tree bark can be used for the environmental assessment of atmospheric contamination because it attaches and absorbs heavy metals. Atmospheric Hg and other heavy metals, including Fe and Mn, and As were detected on the tree bark samples. The total weight of Hg, As, Fe, and Mn in the tree bark samples ranged from undetectable (ND) to 9.77, ND to 81.3, 124–4028, 37.0–1376 µg dry weight (DW), respectively per weight of sample. Based on quantitatively analysis micro-PIXE, the highest concentrations of all these metals were detected in the outer part of the bark. We conclude that tree bark can adsorb atmospheric contamination, which is then absorbed into the inner tissues.

This study aimed to determine the potential of naturally occurring Cretan brake fern (Pteris cretica) as a biomarker and hyperaccumulator in an abandoned mine in Southwest Japan. This species is a known hyperaccumulator of As. Total concentrations of heavy metals and As were determined in the shoots and roots of plants collected from inside and outside of the mine area. The results indicate that As and Pb in the shoots of P. cretica reached 1290 and 3840 mg/kg dry weight, respectively, which is classified as hyperaccumulation. The metal uptake intensity in the shoots indicates that P. cretica is a biomarker for As, Pb, and Zn. Furthermore, the metal concentrations, and bioconcentration and translocation factors indicate that P. cretica is a good candidate for phytoremediation of sites that are contaminated with As and Pb.