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14. Hierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites

Author

Nepal, Dhriti, Kang, Saewon, Adstedt, Katarina M., Kanhaiya, Krishan, Bockstaller, Michael R., Brinson, L. Catherine, Buehler, Markus J., Coveney, Peter V., Dayal, Kaushik, El-Awady, Jaafar A., Henderson, Luke C., Kaplan, David L., Keten, Sinan, Kotov, Nicholas A., Schatz, George C., Vignolini, Silvia, Vollrath, Fritz, Wang, Yusu, Yakobson, Boris I., Tsukruk, Vladimir V., and Heinz, Hendrik

Published
2023
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30. Hierarchical Polyimide‐Covalent Organic Frameworks Carbon Fiber Structures Enhancing Physical and Electrochemical Properties.

Author

Coia, Piers, Dharmasiri, Bhagya, Hayne, David J., Borkar, Ameya, Hua, Carol, Austria, Elmer, Akhavan, Behnam, Judicpa, Mia Angela Nuñeza, Usman, Ken Aldren Sumaya, Razal, Joselito, and Henderson, Luke C.

Subjects
CARBON sequestration, SHEAR strength, WASTE recycling, ENERGY storage, MELAMINE
Abstract

The multifunctionality of carbon fiber (CF) is being extensively explored. Herein, polyimide covalent organic frameworks (PI‐COFs) are grafted bound to CF to enhance their mechanical and electrochemical properties. Here, a range of COF scaffolds are grafted to the surface of CFs via a two‐step functionalization. First, melamine is tethered to the fiber surface to provide an anchoring point for the COFs followed by a "graft from" approach to grow three different sized PI‐COFs utilizing three differently sized dianhydride, PMDA to form MA‐PMDA, NTCDA to form MA‐NTCDA, and PTCDA to form MA‐PTCDA COFs. These COFs increase the capacitance of CF by a maximum of 2.9 F g−1 (480% increase) for the MA‐PTCDA, this coincides with an increase in interfacial shear strength by 67.5% and 52% for MA‐NTCDA and MA‐PTCDA, respectively. This data represents that the first‐time CF has been modified with PI‐COFs and allows access to COF properties including their porosity and CO2 capture ability while being attached to a substrate. This may lead to additional high‐value recyclability and second‐life applications for CFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Influence of Carbonisation Temperatures on Multifunctional Properties of Carbon Fibres for Structural Battery Applications.

Author

Tavano, Ruben, Xu, Johanna, Creighton, Claudia, Liu, Fang, Dharmasiri, Bhagya, Henderson, Luke C., and Asp, Leif E.

Subjects
CARBON composites, FIBROUS composites, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, ELASTIC modulus, COMPOSITE materials
Abstract

Carbon fibres are multifunctional materials considered for the realisation of structural battery electrodes. Processing conditions affect the carbonaceous microstructure of carbon fibres. The microstructure dictates the fibre's mechanical properties, i. e. modulus and strength, as well as its electrochemical capacity. Here, carbon fibre processing conditions are investigated to identify the effect of carbonisation temperature on carbon fibre multifunctionality. Different thermal conditions during carbonisation are considered, while keeping the precursor material, applied tension, and oxidation temperature constant. The carbonaceous microstructure of fibres is investigated via wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (WAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses to determine the effect of the carbonisation temperature. Mechanical and electrochemical tests are performed to characterise carbon fibre multifunctionality with respect to mechanical and electrochemical performance. A moderate trade‐off between mechanical and electrochemical performance is demonstrated, where the elastic modulus and strength decrease and the electrochemical capacity increase with reduced carbonisation temperature. Here, for the studied temperature interval, the elastic modulus and strength is found to drop up to 7 % with a 15 % increase in capacity. Thus, fibres customised for targeted multifunctionality within a limited design space can be realised by careful selection of the processing conditions in conventional carbon fibre manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Biomedical Applications of Electro‐Initiated Polymerisation on Ti6Al4 V Titanium Alloy using Silk Fibroin Coatings for Antibiotic Delivery and Improved Cell Metabolism.

Author

Emonson, Nicholas S., Dharmasiri, Bhagya, Gordon, Edward B., Borkar, Ameya, Newman, Ben, Wickramasingha, Y. Athulya, Coia, Piers, Harte, Timothy, Newton, Jazmyn, Allardyce, Benjamin J., Stojcevski, Filip, Kaplan, David L., and Henderson, Luke C.

Subjects
SILK fibroin, CELL metabolism, TITANIUM alloys, HUMAN stem cells, MESENCHYMAL stem cells, BIOMEDICAL materials
Abstract

Silk fibroin interactions with metallic surfaces can provide utility for medical materials and devices. Toward this goal, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4 V) was covalently grafted with polyacrylamide via electrochemically reducing 4‐nitrobenzene diazonium salt in the presence of acrylamide. Analysis of the modified surfaces with FT‐IR spectra, SEM and AFM were consistent with surface grafting. Functionalised titanium samples with a silk fibroin membrane, with and without impregnated therapeutics, were used to assess cytocompatibility and drug delivery. Initial cytocompatibility experiments using fibroblasts showed that the functionalised samples, both with and without silk fibroin coatings, supported significant increases between 72–136 % in cell metabolism, compared to the controls after 7 days. A 7‐days release profiling showed consistent bacterial inhibition through gentamicin release with average inhibition zones of 239 mm2. Over a 5‐week period, silk fibroin coated samples, both with and without growth factors, supported better human mesenchymal stem cell metabolism with increases reaching 1031 % and 388 %, respectively, compared to samples without the silk fibroin coating with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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