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The National Health Service (NHS) cardiac rehabilitation patient care pathway has remained largely unchanged for many years despite, on average, half of all eligible patients declining to engage. To investigate reasons for non-engagement, we explored the experiences of ten cardiac patients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation, dropped out, or declined, as well as experiences of seven people deemed significant others by participants. Our ethnographic study involved participant observations, repeat in-depth semi-structured interviews, and reflexive journaling. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, focusing on participants' lived experiences. Utilising Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, capital, and field, this article highlights how personal biography, material conditions, and dispositional inclinations combine to make cardiac health care decision-making individual and complex. Despite this, health professionals were not always attuned to specific circumstances arising from differences in patients' experiences and lifeworlds. By considering service improvement recommendations that acknowledge socio-cultural influences, cardiac rehabilitation can work towards providing patients and their significant others with more appropriate, personalised, and person-centred support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seed coats of several conifers contain terpene-filled resin vesicles, which may be involved in the protection of the dormant embryo and the seed storage tissue against herbivores or pathogens. We analyzed the terpenoid composition of seeds from four Abies species (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), two Thuja species (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don and Thuja occidentalis L.), and three Tsuga species (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carriere, and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and examined histological features of resin vesicles in seeds from one species from each genus. Resin vesicle morphology was generally similar among the species analyzed. The composition of the seed terpenes varied largely between species. The described seed terpene profiles of the nine species will serve as a foundation for future studies into the function of seed terpenes and resin vesicles in the seed coat. Key words: monoterpene, diterpene, oleoresin, conifer, seed coat. L'enveloppe des graines de plusieurs coniferes contient des vesicules resiniferes pleines de terpenes qui pourraient jouer un role dans la protection de l'embryon dormant et des tissus de reserve de la graine contre les herbivores et les pathogenes. Nous avons analyse la composition en terpenes des graines de quatre especes d'Abies (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. et Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), deux especes de Thuya (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don et Thuja occidentalis L.) et trois especes de Tsuga (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carriere et Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) et nous avons etudie les caracteristiques histologiques des vesicules resiniferes dans les graines d'une espece de chaque genre. La morphologie des vesicules resiniferes est generalement semblable chez les especes etudiees. La composition en terpenes des graines varie beaucoup d'une espece a l'autre. Les profils des terpenes qui ont ete decrits dans les graines des neuf especes serviront de base pour les etudes futures portant sur la fonction des terpenes presents dans les graines et celle des vesicules resiniferes dans l'enveloppe des graines. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : monoterpene, diterpene, oleoresine, conifere, enveloppe de la graine., Introduction Conifer oleoresin is a physical and chemical defense against herbivores and pathogens (Franceschi et al. 2005; Keeling and Bohlmann 2006a; Zulak and Bohlmann 2010). The oleoresin is a complex [...]

A study presents the evidence for a regulatory subunit that preferentially interacts with protein phosphatase-1c[gamma]2 (PP1cgamma2) and has the potential to target the isoform to a function required for spermatogenesis. The isolation of another isoform specific regulatory subunit, Spzl (22), is identified in the same yeast two-hybrid screen as endophilin Blt.d

Abstract Background Grosmannia clavigera is a bark beetle-vectored fungal pathogen of pines that causes wood discoloration and may kill trees by disrupting nutrient and water transport. Trees respond to attacks from beetles and associated fungi by releasing terpenoid and phenolic defense compounds. It is unclear which genes are important for G. clavigera's ability to overcome antifungal pine terpenoids and phenolics. Results We constructed seven cDNA libraries from eight G. clavigera isolates grown under various culture conditions, and Sanger sequenced the 5' and 3' ends of 25,000 cDNA clones, resulting in 44,288 high quality ESTs. The assembled dataset of unique transcripts (unigenes) consists of 6,265 contigs and 2,459 singletons that mapped to 6,467 locations on the G. clavigera reference genome, representing ~70% of the predicted G. clavigera genes. Although only 54% of the unigenes matched characterized proteins at the NCBI database, this dataset extensively covers major metabolic pathways, cellular processes, and genes necessary for response to environmental stimuli and genetic information processing. Furthermore, we identified genes expressed in spores prior to germination, and genes involved in response to treatment with lodgepole pine phloem extract (LPPE). Conclusions We provide a comprehensively annotated EST dataset for G. clavigera that represents a rich resource for gene characterization in this and other ophiostomatoid fungi. Genes expressed in response to LPPE treatment are indicative of fungal oxidative stress response. We identified two clusters of potentially functionally related genes responsive to LPPE treatment. Furthermore, we report a simple method for identifying contig misassemblies in de novo assembled EST collections caused by gene overlap on the genome.

Against a backdrop of austerity, this mixed method paper provides a contemporary understanding of stressors in English policing by examining stressors experienced by police employees in the UK. In the first study, police officers (n = 223) and police staff (n = 134) in a county police force in England completed measures of operational and organisational stressors. Significantly higher scores were found for operational and organisational stressors in police officers compared to police staff. Police officers also reported higher operational and organisational stressor scores in comparison to norms for an international sample. In the second study, 27 police employees from the same force participated in focus groups exploring stressors in policing. The qualitative findings built on the first study by providing detailed insights into stressors presently experienced by police employees and the impact of police reform on stress. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]