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Nephus (Nephus) voeltzkowi Weise, 1910 Nephus (Nephus) voeltzkowi Weise, 1910: 512 (original description); F��rsch 2007: 6 (systematic); Poussereau et al. 2018: 128 (systematic); Magro et al. 2020b: 130���132 (systematic). Nephus seychellensis Sicard, 1912: 362 (original description). Synonymized by Chazeau et al. 1974: 272. Scymnus (Nephus) voeltzkowi: Korschefsky 1931: 153 (catalog); F��rsch 1966: 181 (systematic). Nephus (Nephus) alyssae Golia & Golia, 2014: 1���3 (original description). Syn. nov. The specimens examined are deposited in the following collections: DZUP - Cole����o Entomol��gica Pe. J. S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran��, Curitiba, Brazil (L��cia M. Almeida); FSCA - Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA (Paul Skelley). United States of America: HOLOTYPE (♀), ��� Florida, Palm Beach/ County, Hypoluxo/ Hypoluxo Scrub N.A./ November 10, 2009/ Vince Golia/ ���sweeping���/ 26.566642, - 80.056759 ���, ��� Nephus / sp./ det. R. Gordon 10���, ��� HOLOTYPE / Nephus / alyssae/ Golia and Golia��� [red label], 1 specimen [FSCA]. Reunion Island: Specimens from a laboratory rearing (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversit�� Biologique, Universit�� Toulouse III, France) initiated from field material collected in November 2011 in Manapany-les-Bains, 14 specimens [DZUP]. Golia & Golia (2014) in their report of N. alyssae (a synonym of N. voeltzkowi, as shown in the present work) in Florida mention that males were not captured and base their description exclusively on females (10 individuals), which raises the question of the existence of another possible parthenogenetic population of N. voeltzkowi and its colonization of a new continent. An advantage of asexual organisms is their superior colonizing ability, as a single individual can potentially engender a new population. As trade and transport went global, the number of introduced species, namely insects, has considerably increased (Meurisse et al. 2019). The fact that N. voeltzkowi preys on mealybugs, which are highly common and associated with a large number of plant species, including several important crop plants, might have favoured the ladybird dispersal and settlement in new regions. Although we cannot exclude more remote sources of colonization, the Azores population of N. voeltzkowi is the most likely origin of the colonizing individuals. Colonization of islands from continental sources is a common event but it has also been shown that islands can be an important source of continental diversity (Zhang et al. 2017). The Azores relative geographical proximity to the American continent and the fact that it has for centuries acted as one of the crossroads of the North Atlantic Ocean, due to its strategic position, make it a conceivable source of propagules. Furthermore, there is a strong connection between Florida and the Azores because of regular military aircraft exchanges since World War II, and this link has already been pointed as probably at the origin of other species introductions (Martins & Sim��es 1985, Schaefer et al. 2011). The atmospheric conditions could also be involved in this introduction as wind has been identified as playing an important role in dispersal ecology, including in intercontinental oceanic dispersal (De Queiroz 2005). The ability to use thermal uplifts and wind for long range dispersal is common in different insect taxa (Rota et al. 2016), and has been mentioned for ladybirds (Siljamo et al. 2020). This dispersal mechanism is particularly important for small insects (Wainwright et al. 2017), which is the case of Nephus spp., Published as part of Magro, Alexandra, Almeida, L��cia M., Churata-Salcedo, Julissa & Hemptinne, Jean-Louis, 2021, New synonym of Nephus (Nephus) voeltzkowi Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with comments on the origin of a Neartic population and its possible asexual status, pp. 198-200 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on pages 198-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/4635729, {"references":["Weise, J. (1910) Coccinellidae von Madagaskar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas. In: Voeltzkow, A. (Ed.), Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905, mitteln der Hermann und Elise geb. Band II. Heft IV. E. Schweizerbart'sche, Stuttgart, pp. 507 - 520.","Fursch, H. (2007) Catalogue of the African species of Nephus Mulsant, 1846 with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 117 (5), 1 - 7.","Poussereau, J., Coutanceau, JP., Nicolas, V. & Gomy, Y. (2018) Les coccinelles de la Reunion. Orphie edition, Chevagny sur Guye, 224 pp.","Magro, A., Churata-Salcedo, J., Lecompte, E., Hemptinne, J-L. & Almeida, L. M. (2020 b) A new species of Nephus (Nephus) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) described from Reunion Island. Zookeys, 962, 123 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 962.51520","Chazeau, J., Etienne, J. & Fursch, H. (1974) Les Coccinellidae de l'ile de la Reunion. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 Serie (210), Zoologie, 140, 265 - 297.","Fursch, H. (1966) Die Scymnus - ArtenWestafrikas (Col. Cocc.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei Munchen, 17, 135 - 194.","Golia, V. & Golia, A. (2014) A New Species of Nephus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Florida. Insecta Mundi, 0372, 1 - 3.","Meurisse, N., Rassati, D., Hurley, B. P., Brockerhoff, E. G. & Haack, R. A. (2019) Common pathways by which non-native forest insects move internationally and domestically. Journal of Pest Science, 92 (1), 13 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 018 - 0990 - 0","Zhang, G., Basharat, U., Matzke, N. & Franz, N. M. (2017) Model selection in statistical historical biogeography of Neotropical insects - the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 109, 226 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.12.039","Martins, A. & Simoes, N. (1985) Population dynamics of the Japanese beetle (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae) in Terceira Island- Azores. Arquipelago, 6, 57 - 62.","Schaefer, H., Carine, M. A. & Rumsey, F. J. (2011) From European priority species to invasive weed: Marsilea azorica (Marsileaceae) is a misidentified alien. Systematic Botany, 36 (4), 845 - 853. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364411 x 604868","De Queiroz, A. (2005) The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography. Trends in ecology & evolution, 20 (2), 68 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tree. 2004.11.006","Rota, J., Pena, C. & Miller, S. E. (2016) The importance of long-distance dispersal and establishment events in small insects: historical biogeography of metalmark moths (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae). Journal of Biogeography, 43 (6), 1254 - 1265. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12721","Siljamo, P., Ashbrook, K., Comont, R. F. & Skjoth, C. A. (2020) Do atmospheric events explain the arrival of an invasive ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) in the UK? Plos one, 15 (1), e 0219335. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0219335","Wainwright, C. E., Stepanian, P. M., Reynolds, D. R. & Reynolds, A. M. (2017) The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 04503 - 0"]}

International audience; 1. The protection of animals' aggregation sites is increasingly seen as a key conservation strategy. However, to efficiently protect aggregation sites, they need to be accurately located. Species distribution models (SDMs) are an important tool in biological conservation to predict spatial distribution of species and they are used here to predict the distribution of the aggregation sites of a ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species.2. Hippodamia undecimnotata forms spectacular overwintering aggregations at the same locations every year across southern and eastern Europe. In this study, an SDM was developed and its performance tested for H. undecimnotata aggregations in southwest France. Moreover, the study looked at how environmental variables correlate with ladybirds' abundance in the aggregation sites.3. The occurrence of aggregations was best described by one model including isolated prominent object, pesticide risk, altitude and vegetation coverage. Furthermore, ladybird abundance at the aggregation sites is positively correlated with altitude. The SDM occurrence model performance was found to be high (area under the curve = 0.92 and true skill statistic = 0.78).4. It is suggested that H. undecimnotata may be an umbrella species, because some aggregation sites were also used by other ladybird species. Therefore, the protection of the aggregation sites of this species may benefit several other species.5. This study provides nature conservation stakeholders with a tool to locate overwintering aggregations, a first step towards the protection of these sites.

Learning in agroecology : the experience of ISSAE. Symposium international sur l'Agroécologie pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et la Nutrition (FAO)