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The current work is part of a taxonomic study on ostracods from Trindade Island and four seamount summits of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain. Twenty-six species belonging to nine families and 17 genera were identified. Five species are described as new, as follows: two Cytheruridae (Hemicytherura trindadensis sp. nov., Semicytherura parva sp. nov.) and three Loxoconchidae (Loxocorniculum micropapillosum sp. nov., Phlyctocythere christophei sp. nov., Phlyctocythere apua sp. nov.). The other taxa are being studied in an ongoing survey.

Coquimba cf. C. punctata Ramos, 1994 Fig. 5: 9 Figured specimen. MP-O-2858, RV, length: 0.633 mm, height: 0.335 mm. Locality. Vitoria Seamount, Sample M11001 D. Material. 1 RV. Remarks. This species is very similar to Coquimba punctata Ramos, 1994, but the unique valve recorded in the analyzed material is worn, masking some diagnostic characteristics of the species. Occurrence. Vitoria seamount (Tab.4)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Ramos, M. I. F. (1994) The ostracod genus Coquimba Ohmert, 1968, form the Brazilian continental shelf. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 26, 165 - 182."]}

Neocaudites subimpressus (Edwards, 1944) Fig. 5: 14–15 1944 Cythereis subimpressus Edwards, p. 523, pl. 87, figs. 29–30. 2004 Neocaudites subimpressus (Edwards). Coimbra et al., p. 108, figs. 1–2; p. 114, pl. 2, figs. 5–6 (see this paper for a more complete synonymy). 2009 Neocaudites subimpressus (Edwards). Coimbra et al., p. 134–135, tabs. 5.4–5.5; p. 137, fig. 5.2f. 2012 Neocaudites subimpressus (Edwards). Coimbra et al., p. 195, tab. 3. 2020 Neocaudites subimpressus (Edwards). Machado et al., p.11, fig. 8J; p. 16, tab. 1. Figured specimen. MP-O-2859, juvenile, open carapace, RV length: 0.474 mm, RV height: 0.237 mm, LV length: 0.475 mm, LV height: 0.267 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 10 C and 3 juveniles. Living assemblage: 3 adults. Stratigraphic range. Pliocene to Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Vitoria, Jaseur, Davis and Dogaressa seamounts, and Trindade Island in the following localities: Lixo Bay and Racha Island (Tabs. 3 and 4). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters (Northern, Northeastern and Eastern shelves, and Rocas Atoll), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Belize, and Clipperton Island (the last one in the eastern Pacific Ocean). In the fossil record, it occurs in the United States (Upper Miocene and Pliocene of North Carolina), and Cuba (Pliocene). See references in the synonymy list., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Edwards, R. A. (1944) Ostracoda from the Duplin Marl (Upper Miocene) of North Carolina. Journal of Paleontology, 18, 505 - 528."]}

Neohornibrookella trindadensis (Coimbra & Carreño, 2012) Fig. 5: 16–17 1988 Quadracythere producta (Brady). Bold, p. 36, pl. 3, fig. 12 (non)1866 Cythere producta Brady, p. 378, pl. 59, figs. 7a–c. 2012 Tenedocythere trindadensis Coimbra & Carreño, p. 196, figs. 5A–L, tab. 4 (see this paper for a more complete synonymy). 2016 Neohornibrookella trindadensis (Coimbra & Carreño). Warne & Whatley, p. 111. Figured specimens. MP-O-2860, RV, length: 0.495 mm, height: 0.300 mm; MP-O-2861, LV, length: 0.533 mm, height: 0.324 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 59 RV, 69 LV, 209 C, and 69 juveniles. Living assemblage: 1 adult and 4 juveniles. Remarks. This species, described by Coimbra & Carreño (2012) for Trindade Island, was firstly allocated within the genus Tenedocythere. However, Warne & Whatley (2016), after analyzing a range of species of this genus, found that fossil and living Tenedocythere occur exclusively in the Mediterranean region, placing all species outside this region in the genus Neohornibrookella Jellinek, 1993. Those authors proposed a new subfamily of shallow marine ostracods, Tenedocytherinae, which includes the phylogenetically related genera Tenedocythere, Neohornibrookella, and Bosasella. Neohornibrookella trindadensis was also recorded for the Caribbean region, erroneously identified by Bold (1988) in Late Miocene-Pliocene sediments of the Dominican Republic as Quadracythere producta (Brady, 1866). Yasuhara et al. (2018, 2020) discuss the frequent misidentifications between genera of the Family Thaerocytheridae and with some genera of Hemicytheridae (probably due to their monospecific origin), attributing this mainly to the lack of detailed images of the internal and external morphology of the species. Stratigraphic range. Late Miocene-Pliocene to Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Davis and Dogaressa seamounts and Trindade Island in the following localities: Príncipe Beach, Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Orelhas Bay, North Tip, Crista do Galo Pool, Cabritos Beach, Portugueses Bay, Calheta Beach, Andradas Beach and Tartarugas Parcel (Tabs. 3 and 4). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters (Northern shelf and Rocas Atoll). In the fossil record, it occurs in the Dominican Republic (Caribbean Neogene). See references in the synonymy list., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 319-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Coimbra, J. C. & Carreno, A. L. (2012) Richness and palaeo-zoogeographical significance of the benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the oceanic island of Trindade and Rocas Atoll, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 15, 189 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.4072 / rbp. 2012.2.07","Warne, M. T. A & Whatley, R. (2016) Neohornibrookella sorrentae (Chapman and Crespin, 1928) and allied ostracod taxa from the Neogene of southeastern Australia: Systematic and palaeoceanographical relationships, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Marine Micropaleontology, 125, 110 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2016.04.003","Jellinek, T. (1993) Zur Okologie und Systematik rezenter Ostracoden aus dem Bereich des Kenianischen Barriere-Riffs. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 73, 83 - 225.","Bold, W. A. (1988) Neogene paleontology in the northern Dominican Republic. 7. The subclass Ostracoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 94, 1 - 105.","Brady, G. S. (1866). On new or imperfectly known species of marine Ostracoda. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 5, 359 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1866. tb 00649. x","Yasuhara, M., Hong, Y., Tian, S. T., Chong, W. K., Okahashi, H., Littler, K. & Cotton, L., (2018) Eocene shallow-marine ostracods from Madagascar: southern end of the Tethys? Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17, 705 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2018.1453555","Yasuhara, M., Hong, Y., Tian, S. Y., Chong, W. K., Chu, R. W. C., Okahashi, H., Reuter, M., Piller, W. E. & Harzhauser, M. (2020) Early Miocene marine ostracodes from southwestern India: implications for their biogeography and the closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Journal of Paleontology, 94, Memoir 80, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.44"]}

Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper, 1985 Fig. 5: 20–21 1985 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper, p. 314, pl. 2–6. 1992 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., pl. 2, fig. 10, tabs. 1–4. 1999a Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., p. 374, pl. 3, fig. 8; p. 372, tab. 1. 2004 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., p. 115, pl. 2, figs. 9–10. 2020 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Machado et al., p. 10, fig. 7M; p. 16, tab. 1. PRÍINCIPE Figured specimens. MP-O-2864, RV, length: 0.521 mm, height: 0.276 mm; MP-O-2865, LV, length: 0.529 mm, height: 0.280 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 7 RV, 9 LV, 42 C, and 2 juveniles. Living assemblage: 4 adults. Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Trindade Island in the following localities: Príncipe Beach, Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Orelhas Bay, North Tip, and Andradas Beach (Tab. 3). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters in the Northern, Northeastern and Eastern shelves, and Tamandaré Bay (see references in the synonymy list).

Cornucoquimba decorata Ramos, 1996 Fig. 5: 10–11 1992 Cornucoquimba sp. Coimbra et al., p. 96, pl. 1, fig. 15, tabs. 1–4. 1996 Cornucoquimba decorata Ramos, p. 108, pl. 3, figs. 1–19. 2012 Nanocoquimba labyrinthica Ramos. Coimbra & Carreño, p. 194, tab. 2. (non) 1996 Nanocoquimba labyrinthica Ramos, p. 108, pl. 2, figs. 1–19. Figured specimen. MP-O-2856, open carapace, RV length: 0.448 mm, RV height: 0.262 mm, LV length: 0.454 mm, LV height: 0.271 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. 5 RV, 4 LV, 28 C, and 2 juveniles (dead assemblage). Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in the Vitoria and Dogaressa seamounts and Trindade Island in the following localities: Lixo Bay, Racha Island, North Tip, Cabritos Beach, and Andradas Beach (Tabs. 3 and 4). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters, from the Northern shelf to the northernmost part of the Southern shelf, and Tamandaré Bay (see references in the synonymy list)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Ramos, M. I. F. (1996) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the ostracod genera Nanocoquimba and Cornucoquimba Ohmert, 1968 form Recent sediments on the Brazilian continental shelf. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 28, 105 - 128."]}

Auradilus convolutus (Brady, 1868) Fig. 5: 1–2 1868 Cythere convoluta Brady, p. 182, pl. 12, figs. 3–4. 1979 Radimella costata Hu, p. 61, pl. 1, figs. 23–29, text-figs. 2a–d. 1981 Radimella sp. indet. Jain, p. 114, pl. 3, fig. 1. 1981 Mutilus sp. Hartmann, p. 110, pl. 6, fig. 11. ?1982 Radimella costata Hu. Hu, p.189 (pars), pl. 4, figs. 22–24, text-figs. 10a, c. (non figs. 14–15, text-Fig. 10b, d). 1986 Radimella wantlandi (Teeter). Cabioch et al., p. 27, pl. 9, figs. 5–6 (mislabeled as Morkhovenia inconspicua). (non) 1975 Aurila wantlandi Teeter, p. 440, figs 8i, 9a–c. 1988 Mutilus sp. 2 Dias-Brito et al., p. 480, pl. 2, fig. 46 (it is a somewhat distorted image, which changed the length/height ratio). 1989 Mutilus splendideornatus Hartmann. Whatley & Keeler, p. 71, pl. 3, figs. 1–3 (non) 1974 Mutilus splendideornatus Hartmann, p. 281, pl. 49, figs. 375–381; pl. 50, figs. 382–384; pl. 150, fig. 9. 1992 Mutilus splendideornatus Hartmann. Coimbra et al., p. 96, pl. 1, fig. 7, tabs. 1–4. 1993 Auradilus costatus (Hu). Jellinek, p. 168, pl. 2, figs. 12–16. 1998 Auradilus costatus (Hu). Fauth & Coimbra, p. 466–468, figs. 2.1–2.4. 1999a Auradilus sp. Coimbra et al., p. 370, pl. 2, fig. 15; p. 372, tab. 1. 2005 Auradilus convolutus (Brady). Mostafawi et al., p. 124, tab. 1; p. 128, pl. 2, fig. 6–7; p. 132. 2011 Auradilus costatus (Hu). Coimbra & Bergue, p. 203, fig. 3.17a. 2012 Auradilus costatus (Hu). Coimbra & Carreño, p. 194, tab. 2; p. 202, appx. 1. 2019 Auradilus costatus (Hu). Morais & Coimbra 2019, p. 76, fig. 5J–K, tab. 1. 2020 Auradilus convolutus (Brady). Machado et al., p. 14, fig. 11O; p. 16, tab. 1. Figured specimens. MP-O-2849, RV, length: 0.516 mm, height: 0.377 mm; MP-O-2950, LV, length: 0.596 mm, height: 0.385 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. 4 RV, 2 LV, and 3 C (dead assemblage). Remarks. The species Auradilus convolutus, described by Brady (1868) for Mauritius, has long been absent in the literature. It was only with Hu’s (1979) work that it reappeared in the scientific literature, but it has received different names ever since. Although Brady (1868) designed only one LV in lateral view, it showed enough detail that, along with the description, the species could be identified relatively easily, as pointed out by Mostafawi et al. (2005). In this paper, we present a new and more complete list of synonyms, presenting some differences from that of Mostafawi et al. (2005, p. 132). Moreover, it is noteworthy that Radimella minor described by Hu (1979, p.1, fig. 10) does not appear to be specific to Auradilus convolutus, as proposed by these authors. It is smaller than A. convolutus and differs in ornamentation in adults and juveniles. Stratigraphic range. Pleistocene to Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Trindade Island in the following localities: Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Crista do Galo Pool, Cabritos Beach, and Andradas Beach. It occurs also in other Brazilian territorial waters (Northern, Northeastern and Eastern shelves, Sepetiba Bay, and littoral of Santa Catarina State), the Indian Ocean, and the Western Pacific. In the fossil record, it occurs in the Pleistocene of Taiwan. See references in the synonymy list., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Brady, G. S. (1868) IX. A Monograph of the Recent British Ostracoda. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 26, 353 - 495. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1968. tb 00199. x","Morais, A. L. M. & Coimbra, J. C. (2019) Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the infralittoral of Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 69 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0755 - 7","Hu, C. H. (1979) Studies on ostracode faunas from the Hungchun Formation, Hungchun Peninsula, southern Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan, 16, 59 - 84.","Mostafawi, N., Colin, J. P. & Babinot, J. F. (2005) An account on the taxonomy of ostracodes from recent reefal flat deposits in Bali, Indonesia. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 48, 123 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revmic. 2004.12.001"]}

Cornucoquimba nana Ramos, 1996 Fig. 5: 12–13 1996 Cornucoquimba nana Ramos, p.110, pl. 5, figs. 1–18. 1999a Cornucoquimba nana Ramos. Coimbra et al., p. 370, pl. 1, fig. 9; p. 372, tab. 1. Figured specimens. MP-O-2857, open carapace, RV length: 0.417 mm, RV height: 0.262 mm, LV length: 0.411 mm, LV height: 0.242 mm. Locality. Dogaressa Seamount, Sample M11005 D. Material. Dead assemblage: 5 C. Living assemblage: 1 adult. Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area: Dogaressa seamount (Tab. 3). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters in the Northern, Northeastern and Eastern shelves (see references in the synonymy list)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Ramos, M. I. F. (1996) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the ostracod genera Nanocoquimba and Cornucoquimba Ohmert, 1968 form Recent sediments on the Brazilian continental shelf. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 28, 105 - 128."]}

Caudites obliquecostatus Bold, 1963 Fig. 5: 5–6 1963 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold, p. 387, pl. 6, figs. 1a–b, pl. 12, fig. 4. ?1966 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Bold, p. 55, tab. 1. 1992 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Coimbra et al., p. 96, pl. 1, fig. 8, tabs. 1–4. 2009 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Coimbra et al., p. 131, tab. 5.3; p. 133, tab. 5.4; p. 135, tab. 5.5; p. 137, fig. 5.2d. 2011 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Coimbra & Bergue, p. 203, fig. 3.17C. 2012 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Coimbra & Carreño, p. 194, tab. 2; p. 202, appx. 1. 2019 Caudites obliquecostatus Bold. Morais & Coimbra, p. 71, tab. 1; p. 77 fig. 6A; appx. Figured specimens. MP-O-2852, RV, length: 0.543 mm, height: 0.275 mm; MP-O-2853, LV, length: 0.564 mm, height: 0.282 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 2 LV, 23 C, and 1 juvenile. Living assemblage: 3 adults. Stratigraphic range. Pleistocene to Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs on Trindade Island, on the following sites: Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Orelhas Bay, North Tip, Cabritos Beach, Portugueses Bay, and Andradas Beach (Tab. 3). It occurs also in other Brazilian territorial waters (from the Northern shelf to the northern part of the Southern shelf, Tamandaré Bay, littoral of the States of São Paulo and Santa Catarina) and the Caribbean. In the fossil record, it occurs in the Pleistocene of Trinidad. See references in the synonymy list., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Bold, W. A. (1963) Upper Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of Trinidad. Micropaleontology, 9, 361 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1484501"]}

Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper, 1985 Fig. 5: 20–21 1985 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper, p. 314, pl. 2–6. 1992 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., pl. 2, fig. 10, tabs. 1–4. 1999a Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., p. 374, pl. 3, fig. 8; p. 372, tab. 1. 2004 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Coimbra et al., p. 115, pl. 2, figs. 9–10. 2020 Puriana variabilis Chukewiski & Purper. Machado et al., p. 10, fig. 7M; p. 16, tab. 1. PRÍINCIPE Figured specimens. MP-O-2864, RV, length: 0.521 mm, height: 0.276 mm; MP-O-2865, LV, length: 0.529 mm, height: 0.280 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 7 RV, 9 LV, 42 C, and 2 juveniles. Living assemblage: 4 adults. Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Trindade Island in the following localities: Príncipe Beach, Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Orelhas Bay, North Tip, and Andradas Beach (Tab. 3). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters in the Northern, Northeastern and Eastern shelves, and Tamandaré Bay (see references in the synonymy list)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 320-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512

Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler, 1989 Fig. 5: 7–8 1989 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler, p. 68-69, pl. 1, figs. 2–5. 1992 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler. Coimbra et al., p. 96, pl. 1, fig. 11, tabs. 1–4. 2005 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler. Machado et al., p. 243, pl. 3, fig. 2, tab. 1. 2011 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler. Coimbra & Bergue, p. 203, fig. 3.17B. 2012 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler. Coimbra & Carreño, p. 194, tab. 2; p. 195, tab. 3; p. 202, appx. 1. 2019 Caudites seminudus Whatley & Keeler. Morais & Coimbra, p. 77, figs. 6C–D, tabs. 1–2. Figured specimens. MP-O-2854, RV, length: 0.479 mm, height: 0.261 mm; MP-O-2855, LV, length: 0.495 mm, height: 0.267 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. Dead assemblage: 8 RV, 23 LV, 88 C, and 28 juveniles. Living assemblage: 49 adults. Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Trindade Island in the following localities: Lixo Bay, Racha Island, Orelhas Bay, North Tip, Crista do Galo Pool, Cabritos Beach, Portugueses Bay, Calheta Beach, Andradas Beach, and Tartarugas Parcel (Tab. 3). It also occurs in other Brazilian territorial waters (Northeastern shelf to the northern part of the Southern shelf, Rocas Atoll, Tamandaré Bay, littoral of the States of São Paulo and Santa Catarina) and Reunion Island (see references in the synonymy list)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 317-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Whatley, R. C. & Keeler, N. (1989) Ostracodes actuels de l'Ile de la Reunion (Sud-Ouest de l'Ocean Indien. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 32, 63 - 84."]}

Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann, 1978 Fig. 5: 3–4 1978 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann, p. 102, figs. 10–11. 1988 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann. Whatley & Zhao, p. 7, pl. 6, figs. 8–9. 1989 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann. Whatley & Keeler, p. 69, pl. 2, figs. 6–7. 1992 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann. Coimbra et al., p. 96, pl. 1, fig. 9, tabs. 1–4. 2006 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann. Warne et al., p. 117, pl. 3, figs. 25–27. 2012 Caudites exmouthensis Hartmann. Coimbra & Carreño, p. 194, tab. 2; p. 202, appx. 1. Figured specimen. MP-O-2851, C, RV length: 0.516 mm, RV height: 0.275 mm, LV length: 0.516 mm, LV height: 0.273 mm. Locality. Trindade Island, site Lixo Bay, Sample M17022 N. Material. 1 RV, 5 C, and 1 juvenile (dead assemblage). Stratigraphic range. Holocene. Occurrence and distribution. In the study area, the species occurs in Trindade Island in the following localities: Lixo Bay, North Tip, Crista do Galo Pool, and Andradas Beach (Tab. 3). It also occurs in Tamandaré Bay (Brazil), Reunion Island, Malaysia (Malacca Strait), and Northern Australia (see references in the synonymy list)., Published as part of Luz, Nathália Carvalho Da & Coimbra, João Carlos, 2022, Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 301-329 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on page 317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7095512, {"references":["Hartmann, G. (1978) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 1: Die Ostracoden der Ordnung Podocopida G. W. Muller, 1894 der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Derby und Perth. Mitteilungen aus den Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 75, 63 - 219."]}

Brandão, Simone N., Saeedi, Hanieh, Brandt, Angelika (2022): Macroecology of Southern Ocean benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the continental margin and abyss. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194: 226-255, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab078

FAMILY HEMICYTHERIDAE PURI, 1953 (FIG. 3G) Hemicytheridae sp., Published as part of Brand��o, Simone N., Saeedi, Hanieh & Brandt, Angelika, 2022, Macroecology of Southern Ocean benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the continental margin and abyss, pp. 226-255 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on page 239, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab078, http://zenodo.org/record/5799815

GENUS AUSTRALICYTHERE BENSON, 1964 (FIG. 4B) Australicythere sp. (Fig. 2A) Remarks: Australicythere sp. is similar to Australicythere polylyca (M��ller, 1908), but the original description of the last species contained only simple sketches (M��ller, 1908: pls 12.1, 12.5, 12.6), because no SEM was available at that time. The type material has not been re-investigated or re-illustrated since then and, consequently, the morphology of the species remains unknown. Subsequent authors recorded specimens identified as A. polylyca from 93 locations of the continental shelf of Antarctica (17���464 m) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian sectors of the SO (Brand��o, 2012; Brand��o & Dingle, 2014; Riehl et al., 2020). However, all these records, and consequently the putatively wide geographical distribution range of A. polylyca, need to be taken with care, because SEM photos and illustrations of the specimens studied from different authors are distinct from the original illustrations and sometimes also distinct from each other. For example, the recent specimen from the Gauss station (type locality, Indian Sector of the SO) has a subrectangular outline, with subparallel dorsal and ventral margins and wide marginal rim (M��ller, 1908: pl. 17.1). The specimen from the Taylor Formation (Pleistocene, Ross Island, Pacific Sector of the SO) has a wide marginal rim, but sinuous dorsal margin and dorsolateral ribs (Briggs, 1979: fig. 2.2). The specimen from McMurdo Sound (Recent, Sulzberger Bay, Pacific Sector of the SO) has a subrectangular outline, but with a narrow marginal rim (Benson, 1964: pl. 4.2). The specimens from the Antarctic Peninsula have a subtriangular outline, with sinuous dorsal margin (Hartmann, 1986: pl. 3.4). Therefore, we herein prefer to leave the specimens of Australicythere in open nomenclature, rather than adding even more confusion to a taxon that is already in need of a taxonomic review. The genus Australicythere is recorded for the first time in the continental slope of Antarctica and adjacent abyssal plain (3631 m), because all previous records were from the continental shelf (17���464 m)., Published as part of Brand��o, Simone N., Saeedi, Hanieh & Brandt, Angelika, 2022, Macroecology of Southern Ocean benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the continental margin and abyss, pp. 226-255 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on page 239, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab078, http://zenodo.org/record/5799815, {"references":["Benson RH. 1964. Recent Cytheracean Ostracodes from McMurdo Sound and the Ross Sea, Antarctica. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 6: 1 - 36.","Muller GW. 1908. Die Ostracoden der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 10: 51 - 181.","Brandao SN. 2012. Southern Ocean Ostracoda (except Halocypridina) database. Available at: https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / de 1 pt 3 (accessed via GBIF. org 1 July 2021).","Brandao SN, Dingle RV. 2014. Benthic Ostracoda. In: De Broyer C, Koubbi P, Griffiths HJ, Raymond B, d'Udekem d'Acoz C, Van de Putte AP, Danis B, David B, Grant S, Gutt J, Held C, Hosie G, Huettmann F, Post A, Ropert-Coudert Y, eds. Biogeographic atlas of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, 142 - 148.","Riehl T, Brandao SN, Brandt A. 2020. Conquering the ocean depths over three geological eras. In: Poore GCB, Thiel M, eds. Evolution and biogeography, Vol. 8. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 155 - 182.","Briggs WM Jr. 1979. Ostracoda from the Pleistocene Taylor Formation, Ross Island, and the Recent of the Ross Sea and MacMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States 13: 27 - 29.","Hartmann G. 1986. Antarktische benthische Ostracoden 1. (Mit einer Tabelle der bislang aus der Antarktis bekannten Ostracoden). Auswertung der Fahrten der ' Polarstern' Ant III / 2 (Sibex-Schnitte) und der Reise 68 / 1 der ' Walther Herwig' (1. Teil: Elephant Island) in die Antar. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 83: 147 - 221."]}

Notopleura Liebau, 1991 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Hemicytheridae) established as a subgenus of Thaerocythere Hazel, 1967 with the type species Thaerocythere (Notopleura) lusitanica Liebau, 1991, is a younger homonym of Notopleura Krauss, 1902 (Insecta, Orthoptera, Acrididae). It is here replaced by the new name Martiniportella, which refers to the harbour of São Martinho do Porto (Portugal), where the extant specimens came from.

Martiniportella nom. nov., pro Notopleura Liebau, 1991 non Krauss, 1902 ALEXANDER LIEBAU Eichenweg 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany. E-mail: alexander.liebau@uni-tuebingen.de Notopleura Liebau, 1991 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Hemicytheridae) established as a subgenus of Thaerocythere Hazel, 1967 with the type species Thaerocythere (Notopleura) lusitanica Liebau, 1991, is a younger homonym of Notopleura Krauss, 1902 (Insecta, Orthoptera, Acrididae). It is here replaced by the new name Martiniportella, which refers to the harbour of S��o Martinho do Porto (Portugal), where the extant specimens came from. Additional discussions and corrections may concern the subgenus role (or even genus level, as it is preferred here) and the identity of the type species. Wood & Whatley (1997: 11) refrained from using the subgeneric unit Notopleura (in the sense of Liebau) in their study of Thaerocythere s.l. in order to avoid (if here correctly understood) division of the whole genus into a number of monospecific subgenera, which according to these authors would only cause additional complications. In contrast to this opinion it is to be stated that the type species of Thaerocythere s.s. and Martiniportella nom. nov. differ in their surface ornament to such a degree that according to current taxonomic standards (see e.g. the revision of the Hiltermanniini in Wood (2005)) the generic separation of the taxa in question would not cause any problems. This is also supported by the attempts to reconstruct the phylogenetic relations within Thaerocythere s.l.: the lineages terminating in the two living type species are separate in Liebau (1991: 71) as well as in Wood & Whatley (1996: Fig. 4). In Liebau (1991) the author saw a possibility to differentiate between the extant Martiniportella species and the similar fossil species Thaerocythere hoptonensis described from a questionable Quaternary level met with in the Hopton Cliff at the coast E of Norwich (Great Britain). With reference to the figured type material of Cythere hoptonensis Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, 1874 in Wood & Whatley (1997: pl. 2) this opinion is to be corrected: Thaerocythere (Notopleura) lusitanica Liebau, 1991, is here regarded as a younger synonym of Martiniportella hoptonensis (Brady et al., 1874). Background information: The taxa mentioned belong to the cytherocopine ostracodes with reticulate ornaments, which reflect epidermal cell patterns. The reticulation of the adult stage normally indicates a case of cell constancy. Thaerocythere crenulata and Martiniportella hoptonensis, however, are the only living ostracodes described as yet with additional partitionings for two neighbouring epidermal cells (in ���standard��� reticulations represented by the cell-reflecting meshes M1 and M2). Under this aspect juvenile stages are of special interest���like those found together with the type of ��� Notopleura lusitanica ���. In this context it should be remembered that the synonymy lusitanica-hoptonensis is just a subjective one: every character of taxonomical importance discovered in the living (lusitanica) population is also valid for the fossil (hoptonensis) one���or both are to be treated as separate units again, reinstalling ��� lusitanica ��� at a subspecies or species level. In other words, the original preference of the Recent population for the typification remains decisive for the concept of the genus Martiniportella in spite of the name changes at the species and genus levels. Systematics Subclass Ostracoda Latreille, 1806 Order Podocopida Sars, 1866 Suborder Cytherocopina Gr��ndel, 1967 Infraorder Nomocytherinina Liebau, 1991 Superfamily Trachyleberidoidea Sylvester-Bradley, 1948 Family Hemicytheridae Puri, 1953 Subfamily Thaerocytherinae Hazel, 1967 Genus Martiniportella Liebau nom. nov. Species Martiniportella hoptonensis (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, 1874), Published as part of Liebau, Alexander, 2020, Martiniportella nom. nov., pro Notopleura Liebau, 1991 non Krauss, 1902, pp. 99-100 in Zootaxa 4722 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3751955, {"references":["Liebau, A. (1991) Skulptur-Evolution bei Ostrakoden am Beispiel europaischer \" Quadracytheren \". Geologie und Palaontologie in Westfalen, 13, 5 - 395.","Krauss, H. A. (1902) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Orthopterenfauna der Sahara. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 52 (4), 230 - 254. [Notopleura saharica, p. 240]","Wood, A. M. & Whatley, R. C. (1997) The genera Muellerina Bassiouni, 1965 and Thaerocythere Hazel, 1967 from the Neogene of Northwest Europe. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 16, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 16.1.1","Wood, A. M. (2005) Revision of the ostracod genus Celtia Neale, 1973 and other so-called \" tricostate \" Trachyleberidinae from the Neogene to Recent of Europe. Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (1), 55 - 80.","Wood, A. M. & Whatley, R. C. (1996) A new ostracod-based biostratigraphy for the marine Pliocene of the Netherlands. In: Keen, M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2 nd European Ostracodologists' Meeting, Glasgow 1993. British Micropalaeontological Society, London, pp. 121 - 128."]}

Family Hemicytheridae Puri, 1953 Tyrrhenocythere Ruggieri, 1955, Published as part of Meisch, Claude, Smith, Robin J. & Martens, Koen, 2019, A subjective global checklist of the extant non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea), pp. 1-135 in European Journal of Taxonomy 492 on page 23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.492, http://zenodo.org/record/3271099

We present an updated, subjective list of the extant, non-marine ostracod genera and species of the world, with their distributions in the major zoogeographical regions, as well as a list of the genera in their present hierarchical taxonomic positions. The list includes all taxa described and taxonomic alterations made up to 1 July 2018. Taxonomic changes include 17 new combinations, 5 new names, 1 emended specific name and 11 new synonymies (1 tribe, 4 genera, 6 species). Taking into account the recognized synonymies, there are presently 2330 subjective species of non-marine ostracods in 270 genera. The most diverse family in non-marine habitats is the Cyprididae, comprising 43.2% of all species, followed by the Candonidae (29.0%), Entocytheridae (9.1%) and the Limnocytheridae (7.0%). An additional 13 families comprise the remaining 11.8% of described species. The Palaearctic zoogeographical region has the greatest number of described species (799), followed by the Afrotropical region with 453 species and the Nearctic region with 439 species. The Australasian and Neotropical regions each have 328 and 333 recorded species, respectively, while the Oriental region has 271. The vast majority of non-marine ostracods (89.8%) are endemic to one zoogeographical region, while only six species are found in six or more regions. We also present an additional list with ‘uncertain species’, which have neither been redescribed nor re-assessed since 1912, and which are excluded from the main list; a list of taxonomic changes presented in the present paper; a table with the number of species and % per family; and a table with numbers of new species described in the 20-year period between 1998 and 2017 per zoogeographical region. Two figures visualize the total number of species and endemic species per zoogeographical region, and the numbers of new species descriptions per decade for all families and the three largest families since 1770, respectively.

Ufocandona Külköylüoğlu et al., 2017 * Ufocandona hannaleeae Külköylüoğlu et al., 2017: NA, Published as part of Meisch, Claude, Smith, Robin J. & Martens, Koen, 2019, A subjective global checklist of the extant non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea), pp. 1-135 in European Journal of Taxonomy 492 on page 108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.492, http://zenodo.org/record/3271099

Tyrrhenocythere Ruggieri, 1955 Tyrrhenocythere amnicola (Sars, 1887) Schornikov, 1966: PA Tyrrhenocythere amnicola amnicola (Sars, 1887) Schornikov 1966 Cythere amnicola Sars, 1887 Syn.: Cythere sicula Brady, 1902 (fide Schornikov 1981) Syn.: * Thyrrhenocythere pignattii Ruggieri, 1955 (fide Schornikov 1981) Tyrrhenocythere amnicola caspiensis Schornikov, 1981 Tyrrhenocythere amnicola dadayi Schornikov, 1981 Tyrrhenocythere donetziensis (Dubowsky, 1926) Krstić 1977: PA Cythereis donetziensis Dubowsky, 1926, Published as part of Meisch, Claude, Smith, Robin J. & Martens, Koen, 2019, A subjective global checklist of the extant non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea), pp. 1-135 in European Journal of Taxonomy 492 on page 108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.492, http://zenodo.org/record/3271099, {"references":["Schornikov E. I. 1966. Ostrakody Chernogo I Azovskogo Morey (Ostracoda from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov). Avtoreferat Dissertatsii Na Soiskanie Uchenoy Stepeni Kandidata Biologi - Cheskikh Nauk, Leningradskiy Gosudarstvennyy Pedagogicheskiy Insitut: 1 - 21. [In Russian.]","Schornikov E. I. 1981. Tyrrhenocythere amnicola (Crustacea) - Politipicheskiy vid ostrakod v Kaynozoe Yuga SSSR (Tyrrhenocythere amnicola (Crustacea) - A polytypical ostracode species from the Cenozoic of the south of the USSR.) [In Russian]. In: Bragina L. F. (ed.) Biostratigrafiya Antropogena I Neogena Yugo-Zapada SSSR: 107 - 122. Akademiya Nauk Moldavskoy SSR, Otdel Paleontologii i Biostratigrafii, Kishinev.","Krstic N. 1977. The ostracod genus Tyrrhenocythere. In: Loffler H. & D. L. Damielopol (eds) Aspects of ecology and zoogeography of Recent and fossil Ostracoda: 395 - 405. The Hague."]}

Five new genera of cytheracean Ostracoda are described from the S.W. Atlantic area. They are: Austrocytheridea and Papillosacythere, which belong to the Cytherideinae and Neocytherideinae respectively, and Austroaurila. Falklandia, and Meridionalicythere, which are all members of the Hemicytheridae.

Eleven species of family Hemicytheridae and seven of the family Thaerocytheridae are described. Together they comprise 14% of the total Recent ostracod fauna described from the Solomon Islands. In the main the hemicytherids are much more endemic than the thaerocytherids. Three new species have been recorded only from the Solomon Islands, and three species of Caudites, held in open nomenclature due to their rarity, are also probably endemic to the islands. Another three new species have been recorded only from Java and one species of Mimicocythere gen. et sp. nov. also occurs in Australia. The six new species described and illustrated are: Ambostracon (A.) micropapillatum, A. (A.) micromaculata, Caudites shortlandensis, ?C. atypicus, Mutilus dissimilis ssp. nov. and Mimicocythere pseudomelobesoides gen. et sp. nov. Only one of the hemicytherids, Caudites javana Kingma, occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is the Thaerocytheridae, however, that are almost pandemic in tropical regions, with Tenedocythere deltoides and T. transoceanica being distributed particularly widely. A new species of the rare genus Neobuntonia, N. subalata sp. nov., only the second modern species to be described, is also illustrated.

Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CF0A5FB-F64F-45B5-837E-1BBCAB741D03 Figs 2���7 Diagnosis The species diagnosis is identical to that of the genus. Etymology The species name hannaleeae is in honor of Hanna Lee Sanborn, who is a steward of the San Marcos River and the Edwards Aquifer. The naming rights for this species were donated to the San Marcos River Foundation (SMRF) by the authors, as a fundraising item. Naming rights were purchased for Hanna Lee Sanborn by her fianc��, Matthew Erickson, at the 2016 SMRF annual meeting and silent auction, in honor of their engagement. All proceeds from the naming rights auction directly benefitted SMRF, a 501c3 non-profit organization whose mission is to ���preserve and protect the natural beauty, flow, and purity of the San Marcos River���, which is a spring-fed river derived from the Edwards Aquifer. Material examined Holotype UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ♂, Texas, Hays County, San Marcos artesian well (SMAW), 29��53���22.46������ N, 97��56���11.27������ E, 19 Nov. 2013, Benjamin F. Schwartz and Benjamin T. Hutchins leg. (OK-TX-AW049-01), all soft body parts dissected in lactophenol solution and sealed with translucent nail polish, valves in micropaleontological cavity slide (OK-TX-AW049-03). Allotype UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ♀, collection data as for holotype (OK-TX-AW049-02), all soft body parts dissected in lactophenol solution and sealed with translucent nail polish, valves in micropaleontological cavity slide (OK-TX-AW051-04). Paratypes UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 1 ♂ (OK-TX-AW049-05), 2 ♀♀ (OK-TX-AW051-06), collection data as for holotype. Other material UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 6 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, 3 juv., collection data as for holotype, in 70% ethanol, deposited at the Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Holotype: L(LV)= 0.442 mm, L(RV) = 0.427 mm, H(LV)= 0.344 mm, H(RV) = 0.312 mm. VALVES. LV overlaps RV from all sides (Fig. 2B). In lateral view, RV almost subtriangular in shape, with normal pore openings (Figs 2B, F, 3B). Dorsal margin of RV flat, sloping posteriorly. Both margins rounded, anterior margin more broadened than posterior. Greatest height located almost in middle of LV but located anteriorly on RV. Only LV with enlarged prolongation (flange) dorsally (diagnostic character). Valve surface mostly smooth at center but ornamented with hexagonal structures around marginal zones. Marginal zones of RV with dense tiny spines (Fig. 2C). Shallow pits and fine setae present in both sexes and juveniles. Central muscle scars not visible in external view (Fig. 2 A���D) but visible in interior view (Fig. 3 A���B). Hinge adont. Color translucent to opaque white. Eyes not observed or eye pigment absent. Viewed internally, anterior and posterior marginal areas of LV with 5���6 and 3���4 round tubercles on first list, respectively (diagnostic character). Second list shorter than first one. Calcified inner lamella almost equally wide at both ends, uncalcified inner lamella wide. In dorsal view, both ends thin and beakshaped, carapace laterally tumid, valves slightly concave ventrally (Figs 3A, 7B). A1 (Fig. 4A). 8-segmented. First segment with one long, smooth apical seta on dorsal side of A1, reaching to end of second segment. Second segment with one medium-sized, smooth antero-distal seta at mid-length on dorsal side of segment, about half length of second segment. Rome organ absent. Wouters organ not seen. Third segment with small, apical (spine-type) seta on dorsal side. Fourth and sixth segments without setae. Fifth segment with two short (ca �� of segment) anterior and posterior setae. Penultimate (seventh) segment with two very long antero-distal setae, approximately equal in length to all eight segments. Terminal segment with two equally long setae and one slightly shorter aesthetasc ya. A2 (Fig. 4B). 4-segmented. Exopod with two very short setae (compare with female). First segment with long ventro-apical seta, approximately length of next three segments. Second segment with 2-segmented, long medio-ventral aesthetasc Y and one long seta, both of about same size and extending almost half length of terminal claws. t-setae absent. Third segment distally with three apically slightly plumose (G1), smooth (G2) or serrated (G3) claws; G2 claw slightly shorter than G1 and G3 claws, three z-setae (z1 and z3 short, z2 claw-like, almost reaching half of G2 claw) present, y1���y2 aesthetascs not seen. Terminal (fourth) segment with one long GM claw, about length of G3 claw, and one short Gm claw (⅓ length of GM). Both claws smooth. Aesthetasc y3 not seen. Compare with A 2 in female (Fig. 4C). RAKE- LIKE ORGAN. Reduced, not seen well. MD (Fig. 5A). Coxa well developed, with 8���9 spine-like teeth and 3 setae. Md-palp 4-segmented, without alpha, beta or gamma setae (diagnostic character). First segment with two medio-internal, long smooth setae about same length as segment. S1 and S2 setae smooth. Vibratory plate with about 7���8 setae, not seen well. Second segment anteriorly with 3+1 setae, almost equal in size. Third (penultimate) segment ventro-apically with one well-developed, smooth, claw-like seta and a short seta. Terminal segment fused with terminal claw, carrying two well developed and slightly plumose claws. MXL (Fig. 5B). Mxl-palp two segmented. First palp with smooth seta located ventro-apically. Terminal segment of Mxl palp very short, with two (one long and one short) smooth setae. Apical corner of first palp segment with two sharp, spine-like setae, slightly longer than other setae of terminal segment. Vibratory plate with about 14 slightly plumose filaments. Three lobes (endites), normal in shape, ending with 3, 4 and 4 smooth setae on first, second and third lobes, respectively. Base of first lobe with long seta extending to terminal palp. T1 (Fig. 5 C���D). Prehensile palp not segmented, both similar in size and modified into clasping organs, 3�� as long as masticatory process. Anteriorly, palps ending with upper and lower parts. Upper part long, strongly curved anteriorly, ending with triangular apical part. Lower part thin and short, ending with short, tooth-shaped piece. One long b seta of about same length as masticatory part, other setae (a, c, d setae) absent. Masticatory process short, distally with 6 setae, 2�� as long as masticatory part (see also Fig. 6D for female T1). Respiratory plate reduced to one tiny filament. T2 (Fig. 5E). Five-segmented, with only one well-developed d1 seta on first segment (protopodite). Second, third and penultimate segments with one smooth, sub-apical (e, f, g) seta, anteriorly. Terminal segment with one very long, smooth claw (h2), extending to about end of second segment, and one very short h3 seta. Seta h1 missing. T3 (Fig. 4D). 4 segmented with one medium size seta (d1) on the first segment (protopodite). Second segment long, about size of penultimate and terminal segments combined. Penultimate segment undivided (Fig. 3A), four groups of setules present dorsally (note: not seen internally; Fig. 3B). Three setae (e, f, and g) absent on segments 2���3. Terminal segment short, with three well-developed setae (h1���3). h3 slightly longer than h1. Seta h2 slightly curved and short, about half length of h3. Two long setae (h1 and h3) extending to second segment. UROPOD. With thin, spine-like terminal seta, similar to flagellum-type uropod in subfamily Cypridopsinae, with thin, approximately cylindrical ramus. HEMIPENIS (Fig. 6B). Lobe a with triangular end, lobe b with broad end, lobe h rounded (diagnostic character). M-process large, with distal part (g) strongly curved. ZENKER ORGAN (Fig. 6C). With 4+2 rings of spines, ending with sperm canal. Female Carapace similar in shape and size to that of male (Fig. 2A, E, 7 A���B). Female (allotype): L= 0.56 mm, H = 0.38 mm. Average: L= 0.473 mm (n =3), H = 0.364 mm (n=3), W= 0.245 mm (n=2). T1 normally developed, with three h1���3 setae (Fig. 6D). Setae h1 and h3 almost equal in size and slightly shorter than h2. Exopod and exopodial setae on A2 not observed. All G claws (G1���G3, GM, Gm) present (Fig. 4C). z1���3 setae very small. Genital part very small, rounded and without genital process (Fig. 6A). One or two small, white to yellowish eggs visible in external view of carapace. All other soft parts similar to those of male. Ecology Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is known only from the type locality, where it occurs with 23 additional stygobionts, including a plethodontid salamander, two species of isopods, two species of decapods, a thermosbanacean, a planarian, three species of gastropods, a dytiscid beetle, a cyclopoid copepod, a hirudinean, and ten species of amphipods (Hutchins et al. 2014, 2016). However, the stygobiont fauna from this locality is incompletely known and also includes additional ostracod species, additional cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods, aquatic mites, a bathynellid, and additional isopods and amphipods (K��lk��yl��oğlu, Hutchins and Schwartz, pers. obs.), making the San Marcos artesian well one of the most biologically diverse groundwater sites on Earth (Holsinger & Longley 1980; Culver & Pipan 2009). The lack of pigment, relatively thin carapace, reduced eyes and reduction of many setae (see above description) suggest that Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is also a stygobiont. Species at the San Marcos artesian well utilize diverse carbon sources derived in part from chemolithoautotrophic production occurring along a freshwater-saline water interface along the downdip edge of the Edwards Aquifer (Hutchins et al. 2016). Primary productivity has played an important role in the evolution and maintenance of the longest subterranean food chain currently known (Hutchins & Schwartz 2013), and species partition food resources (Hutchins et al. 2014, 2016). Furthermore, invertebrate species from the San Marcos artesian well display a diversity of body morphologies, and the relative abundance of species varies substantially in response to precipitation (Hutchins and Schwartz, pers. obs.). These suggest a heterogeneous environment comprised of a mosaic of microhabitats. However, there is currently no detailed information about habitat preference or trophic ecology for Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. Because species of the subfamily are not able to swim, due to the absence of swimming setae on A2, Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is probably an obligate benthic species inhabiting sediments, rock surfaces or biofilms. Of the nearly 12 000 ostracods collected from this site, less than 20 belong to Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. This may be due to relative rarity or, because it does not swim, the species may only rarely be expelled from the well. The remaining individuals are the subject of ongoing study and results will be presented elsewhere. Distribution Known only from the type locality., Published as part of K��lk��yl��o��lu, Okan, Yavuzatmaca, Mehmet, Akdemir, Derya, Schwartz, Benjamin F. & Hutchins, Benjamin T., 2017, Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA, pp. 1-18 in European Journal of Taxonomy 372 on pages 7-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.372, http://zenodo.org/record/3838496, {"references":["Hutchins B. T., Schwartz B. F. & Nowlin W. H. 2014. Morphological and trophic specialization in a subterranean amphipod assemblage. Freshwater Biology 59: 2447 - 2461. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / fwb. 12440","Hutchins B. T., Engel A. S., Nowlin W. H. & Schwartz B. F. 2016. Chemolithoautotrophy supports macroinvertebrate food webs and affects diversity and stability in groundwater communities. Ecology 97 (6): 1530 - 1542. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / 15 - 1129.1","Holsinger J. R. & Longley G. 1980. The subterranean amphipod crustacean fauna of an artesian well in Texas. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 308: 1 - 62.","Culver D. C. &. Pipan T. 2009. The Biology of Caves and other Subterranean Habitats. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.","Hutchins B. T. & Schwartz B. F. 2013. Food chain length in groundwater: patterns in δ 15 N range. Proceedings of the 16 th International Congress of Speleology 2013: 403 - 40."]}

Genus Ufocandona gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5E64 ABC 9-C598-4A4 B-B 257-C92053E419 FD Type species Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (genus presently monotypic). Diagnosis In lateral view, carapace strongly asymmetrical: RV sub-triangular, dorsal margin sloping posteriorly; LV rounded, overlapping RV (Figs 2 A���F, 7 A���B). Only known species small (Candona as Ufocandona, referencing the similarity of the carapace to the stereotypic ���flying saucer��� shape of ���Unidentified Flying Objects���., Published as part of K��lk��yl��o��lu, Okan, Yavuzatmaca, Mehmet, Akdemir, Derya, Schwartz, Benjamin F. & Hutchins, Benjamin T., 2017, Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA, pp. 1-18 in European Journal of Taxonomy 372 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.372, http://zenodo.org/record/3838496

Genus Ufocandona gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5E64 ABC 9-C598-4A4 B-B 257-C92053E419 FD Type species Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (genus presently monotypic). Diagnosis In lateral view, carapace strongly asymmetrical: RV sub-triangular, dorsal margin sloping posteriorly; LV rounded, overlapping RV (Figs 2 A–F, 7 A–B). Only known species small ( A1 8-segmented. A2 4-segmented in both sexes. Exopod with two very short setae in males and all claws (G1–3, GM, Gm) present on A2 of females. Swimming (natatory) setae absent, as in all Candoninae. Setae t1–4 absent on A2 (diagnostic character). Md-palp 4-segmented, without alpha, beta or gamma setae (diagnostic character). Mxl palp long, with 2+2 well developed smooth setae; two setae extending from apical corner of first segment, and two (one shorter) on terminal segment. T1 modified into clasping organs in males. T2 5-segmented, with one well developed d1 seta. T3 4-segmented, with one seta (d1) on first segment (protopodite). Uropod with thin, spine-like terminal seta (diagnostic character). Hemipenis with rounded medial lobe (h), inner lobe (b) spatula-shaped, outer lobe (a) with triangular end pointing ventrally (diagnostic character). M-process faintly seen, part-g strongly curved. Zenker organ with 4+2 rings of spines. Etymology The acronym UFO is combined with the generic name Candona as Ufocandona, referencing the similarity of the carapace to the stereotypic “flying saucer” shape of “Unidentified Flying Objects”.

Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CF0A5FB-F64F-45B5-837E-1BBCAB741D03 Figs 2–7 Diagnosis The species diagnosis is identical to that of the genus. Etymology The species name hannaleeae is in honor of Hanna Lee Sanborn, who is a steward of the San Marcos River and the Edwards Aquifer. The naming rights for this species were donated to the San Marcos River Foundation (SMRF) by the authors, as a fundraising item. Naming rights were purchased for Hanna Lee Sanborn by her fiancé, Matthew Erickson, at the 2016 SMRF annual meeting and silent auction, in honor of their engagement. All proceeds from the naming rights auction directly benefitted SMRF, a 501c3 non-profit organization whose mission is to “preserve and protect the natural beauty, flow, and purity of the San Marcos River”, which is a spring-fed river derived from the Edwards Aquifer. Material examined Holotype UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ♂, Texas, Hays County, San Marcos artesian well (SMAW), 29°53′22.46′′ N, 97°56′11.27′′ E, 19 Nov. 2013, Benjamin F. Schwartz and Benjamin T. Hutchins leg. (OK-TX-AW049-01), all soft body parts dissected in lactophenol solution and sealed with translucent nail polish, valves in micropaleontological cavity slide (OK-TX-AW049-03). Allotype UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ♀, collection data as for holotype (OK-TX-AW049-02), all soft body parts dissected in lactophenol solution and sealed with translucent nail polish, valves in micropaleontological cavity slide (OK-TX-AW051-04). Paratypes UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 1 ♂ (OK-TX-AW049-05), 2 ♀♀ (OK-TX-AW051-06), collection data as for holotype. Other material UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 6 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, 3 juv., collection data as for holotype, in 70% ethanol, deposited at the Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Holotype: L(LV)= 0.442 mm, L(RV) = 0.427 mm, H(LV)= 0.344 mm, H(RV) = 0.312 mm. VALVES. LV overlaps RV from all sides (Fig. 2B). In lateral view, RV almost subtriangular in shape, with normal pore openings (Figs 2B, F, 3B). Dorsal margin of RV flat, sloping posteriorly. Both margins rounded, anterior margin more broadened than posterior. Greatest height located almost in middle of LV but located anteriorly on RV. Only LV with enlarged prolongation (flange) dorsally (diagnostic character). Valve surface mostly smooth at center but ornamented with hexagonal structures around marginal zones. Marginal zones of RV with dense tiny spines (Fig. 2C). Shallow pits and fine setae present in both sexes and juveniles. Central muscle scars not visible in external view (Fig. 2 A–D) but visible in interior view (Fig. 3 A–B). Hinge adont. Color translucent to opaque white. Eyes not observed or eye pigment absent. Viewed internally, anterior and posterior marginal areas of LV with 5–6 and 3–4 round tubercles on first list, respectively (diagnostic character). Second list shorter than first one. Calcified inner lamella almost equally wide at both ends, uncalcified inner lamella wide. In dorsal view, both ends thin and beakshaped, carapace laterally tumid, valves slightly concave ventrally (Figs 3A, 7B). A1 (Fig. 4A). 8-segmented. First segment with one long, smooth apical seta on dorsal side of A1, reaching to end of second segment. Second segment with one medium-sized, smooth antero-distal seta at mid-length on dorsal side of segment, about half length of second segment. Rome organ absent. Wouters organ not seen. Third segment with small, apical (spine-type) seta on dorsal side. Fourth and sixth segments without setae. Fifth segment with two short (ca ¼ of segment) anterior and posterior setae. Penultimate (seventh) segment with two very long antero-distal setae, approximately equal in length to all eight segments. Terminal segment with two equally long setae and one slightly shorter aesthetasc ya. A2 (Fig. 4B). 4-segmented. Exopod with two very short setae (compare with female). First segment with long ventro-apical seta, approximately length of next three segments. Second segment with 2-segmented, long medio-ventral aesthetasc Y and one long seta, both of about same size and extending almost half length of terminal claws. t-setae absent. Third segment distally with three apically slightly plumose (G1), smooth (G2) or serrated (G3) claws; G2 claw slightly shorter than G1 and G3 claws, three z-setae (z1 and z3 short, z2 claw-like, almost reaching half of G2 claw) present, y1–y2 aesthetascs not seen. Terminal (fourth) segment with one long GM claw, about length of G3 claw, and one short Gm claw (⅓ length of GM). Both claws smooth. Aesthetasc y3 not seen. Compare with A 2 in female (Fig. 4C). RAKE- LIKE ORGAN. Reduced, not seen well. MD (Fig. 5A). Coxa well developed, with 8–9 spine-like teeth and 3 setae. Md-palp 4-segmented, without alpha, beta or gamma setae (diagnostic character). First segment with two medio-internal, long smooth setae about same length as segment. S1 and S2 setae smooth. Vibratory plate with about 7–8 setae, not seen well. Second segment anteriorly with 3+1 setae, almost equal in size. Third (penultimate) segment ventro-apically with one well-developed, smooth, claw-like seta and a short seta. Terminal segment fused with terminal claw, carrying two well developed and slightly plumose claws. MXL (Fig. 5B). Mxl-palp two segmented. First palp with smooth seta located ventro-apically. Terminal segment of Mxl palp very short, with two (one long and one short) smooth setae. Apical corner of first palp segment with two sharp, spine-like setae, slightly longer than other setae of terminal segment. Vibratory plate with about 14 slightly plumose filaments. Three lobes (endites), normal in shape, ending with 3, 4 and 4 smooth setae on first, second and third lobes, respectively. Base of first lobe with long seta extending to terminal palp. T1 (Fig. 5 C–D). Prehensile palp not segmented, both similar in size and modified into clasping organs, 3× as long as masticatory process. Anteriorly, palps ending with upper and lower parts. Upper part long, strongly curved anteriorly, ending with triangular apical part. Lower part thin and short, ending with short, tooth-shaped piece. One long b seta of about same length as masticatory part, other setae (a, c, d setae) absent. Masticatory process short, distally with 6 setae, 2× as long as masticatory part (see also Fig. 6D for female T1). Respiratory plate reduced to one tiny filament. T2 (Fig. 5E). Five-segmented, with only one well-developed d1 seta on first segment (protopodite). Second, third and penultimate segments with one smooth, sub-apical (e, f, g) seta, anteriorly. Terminal segment with one very long, smooth claw (h2), extending to about end of second segment, and one very short h3 seta. Seta h1 missing. T3 (Fig. 4D). 4 segmented with one medium size seta (d1) on the first segment (protopodite). Second segment long, about size of penultimate and terminal segments combined. Penultimate segment undivided (Fig. 3A), four groups of setules present dorsally (note: not seen internally; Fig. 3B). Three setae (e, f, and g) absent on segments 2–3. Terminal segment short, with three well-developed setae (h1–3). h3 slightly longer than h1. Seta h2 slightly curved and short, about half length of h3. Two long setae (h1 and h3) extending to second segment. UROPOD. With thin, spine-like terminal seta, similar to flagellum-type uropod in subfamily Cypridopsinae, with thin, approximately cylindrical ramus. HEMIPENIS (Fig. 6B). Lobe a with triangular end, lobe b with broad end, lobe h rounded (diagnostic character). M-process large, with distal part (g) strongly curved. ZENKER ORGAN (Fig. 6C). With 4+2 rings of spines, ending with sperm canal. Female Carapace similar in shape and size to that of male (Fig. 2A, E, 7 A–B). Female (allotype): L= 0.56 mm, H = 0.38 mm. Average: L= 0.473 mm (n =3), H = 0.364 mm (n=3), W= 0.245 mm (n=2). T1 normally developed, with three h1–3 setae (Fig. 6D). Setae h1 and h3 almost equal in size and slightly shorter than h2. Exopod and exopodial setae on A2 not observed. All G claws (G1–G3, GM, Gm) present (Fig. 4C). z1–3 setae very small. Genital part very small, rounded and without genital process (Fig. 6A). One or two small, white to yellowish eggs visible in external view of carapace. All other soft parts similar to those of male. Ecology Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is known only from the type locality, where it occurs with 23 additional stygobionts, including a plethodontid salamander, two species of isopods, two species of decapods, a thermosbanacean, a planarian, three species of gastropods, a dytiscid beetle, a cyclopoid copepod, a hirudinean, and ten species of amphipods (Hutchins et al. 2014, 2016). However, the stygobiont fauna from this locality is incompletely known and also includes additional ostracod species, additional cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods, aquatic mites, a bathynellid, and additional isopods and amphipods (Külköylüoğlu, Hutchins and Schwartz, pers. obs.), making the San Marcos artesian well one of the most biologically diverse groundwater sites on Earth (Holsinger & Longley 1980; Culver & Pipan 2009). The lack of pigment, relatively thin carapace, reduced eyes and reduction of many setae (see above description) suggest that Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is also a stygobiont. Species at the San Marcos artesian well utilize diverse carbon sources derived in part from chemolithoautotrophic production occurring along a freshwater-saline water interface along the downdip edge of the Edwards Aquifer (Hutchins et al. 2016). Primary productivity has played an important role in the evolution and maintenance of the longest subterranean food chain currently known (Hutchins & Schwartz 2013), and species partition food resources (Hutchins et al. 2014, 2016). Furthermore, invertebrate species from the San Marcos artesian well display a diversity of body morphologies, and the relative abundance of species varies substantially in response to precipitation (Hutchins and Schwartz, pers. obs.). These suggest a heterogeneous environment comprised of a mosaic of microhabitats. However, there is currently no detailed information about habitat preference or trophic ecology for Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. Because species of the subfamily are not able to swim, due to the absence of swimming setae on A2, Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. is probably an obligate benthic species inhabiting sediments, rock surfaces or biofilms. Of the nearly 12 000 ostracods collected from this site, less than 20 belong to Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. This may be due to relative rarity or, because it does not swim, the species may only rarely be expelled from the well. The remaining individuals are the subject of ongoing study and results will be presented elsewhere. Distribution Known only from the type locality.

Aysegulina semicancellata (Bosquet, 1854), n. comb. Cythere semicancellata Bosquet, 1854: 112, pl. 7, fig. 9. Limburgina semicancellata – Deroo 1966: 158, pl. 24, figs 751-753. Limburgina cf. semicancellata – Margerie 1968: 21, pl. 5, fig. 28, cellule MA 53. REMARQUES A. semicancellata, n. comb. est connue dans le Maastrichtien supérieur du Limbourg (Deroo 1966). P. Margerie n’en a recueilli qu’une valve gauche., Published as part of Guernet, Claude & Villier, Loïc, 2017, Les ostracodes de la collection de P. Margerie et l'âge des couches à Laffittéines du Mont Aimé (bassin de Paris, France), pp. 225-249 in Geodiversitas 39 (2) on page 241, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206009, {"references":["BOSQUET J. 1854. - Monographie des Crustaces fossiles du terrain cretace du duche du Limbourg. Commission pour la description et la carte geologique de la Hollande, Memoire 2: 1 - 139.","DEROO G. 1966. - Cytheracea (Ostracodes) du Maastrichtien de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) et des regions voisines. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting C, 5 (2): 1 - 197.","MARGERIE P. 1968. - Inventaire des ostracodes conserves dans les couches inferieures des formations post-campaniennes du Mont- Aime (Marne), suite et fin. Memoires de la Societe d'Agriculture, Commerce, Sciences et Arts du Departement de la Marne 52: 7 - 36."]}

Aysegulina semicancellata (Bosquet, 1854), n. comb. Cythere semicancellata Bosquet, 1854: 112, pl. 7, fig. 9. Limburgina semicancellata – Deroo 1966: 158, pl. 24, figs 751-753. Limburgina cf. semicancellata – Margerie 1968: 21, pl. 5, fig. 28, cellule MA 53. REMARQUES A. semicancellata, n. comb. est connue dans le Maastrichtien supérieur du Limbourg (Deroo 1966). P. Margerie n’en a recueilli qu’une valve gauche.

RESUME Les ostracodes de la collection de P. Margerie (1967, 1968) en provenance des couches a Laffitteines du Mont Aime, a l'est de Paris sont reetudies et re-illustres. Parmi les 74 especes distinguees, 34 sont connues exclusivement dans le Cretace superieur ou appartiennent a des genres inconnus dans le Paleocene, 17 sont nouvelles ou determinees avec imprecision mais sont plus proches d'especes maastrichtiennes que d'especes paleocenes, enfin 23 ne sont representees que par des valves ou des carapaces indeterminables car larvaires ou trop encroutees. Cytherelloidea biloculata Van Veen, 1932, Amphicytherura chelodon (Marsson, 1880), Veenidea hendriki Deroo, 1966, Planileberis? corrosa (Van Veen, 1936), Dumontina? cuvieri (Van Veen, 1936), Kingmaina hagenowi (Bosquet, 1854), Mauritsina hieroglyphica (Bosquet, 1847), Aysegulina? cuvieri (Van Veen, 1936), Aysegulina depressa (Deroo, 1966), Occultocythereis? complanata (Bosquet, 1854), Acuticytheritta infundibuliformi (Van Veen, 1936), Neocythere virginea ...

Aysegulina ? sp. D Limburgina ? sp. D – Margerie 1968: 24, pl. 6, fig. 7, cellule MA 60. REMARQUES Cette espèce n’est représentée que par une valve gauche caractérisée notamment par ses pores conulis. Elle est rapprochée par P. Margerie de L. castanea Deroo, 1966, montienne et de Echinocythereis ? variolata (Bosquet, 1854) du Maastrichtien. En réalité, elle semble proche, comme la précédente, de A. ornata (Bosquet, 1847)., Published as part of Guernet, Claude & Villier, Loïc, 2017, Les ostracodes de la collection de P. Margerie et l'âge des couches à Laffittéines du Mont Aimé (bassin de Paris, France), pp. 225-249 in Geodiversitas 39 (2) on page 242, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206009, {"references":["MARGERIE P. 1968. - Inventaire des ostracodes conserves dans les couches inferieures des formations post-campaniennes du Mont- Aime (Marne), suite et fin. Memoires de la Societe d'Agriculture, Commerce, Sciences et Arts du Departement de la Marne 52: 7 - 36.","DEROO G. 1966. - Cytheracea (Ostracodes) du Maastrichtien de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) et des regions voisines. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting C, 5 (2): 1 - 197.","BOSQUET J. 1854. - Monographie des Crustaces fossiles du terrain cretace du duche du Limbourg. Commission pour la description et la carte geologique de la Hollande, Memoire 2: 1 - 139.","BOSQUET J. 1847. - Description des Entomostraces fossiles de la craie de Maestricht. Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences de Liege 4: 353 - 378."]}

This study is based on 62 samples of phytal and bottom sediments collected along rocky beaches (< 3 m water depth) of the central and northern coasts of the state of Santa Catarina (26º10'/27º50'S – 48º26'/48º40'W), southern Brazil. Living and dead ostracodes distributed among 16 families were recovered. In this paper is emphasized one new hemicytherid genus and species that is described and richly illustrated: Auricythere sublitoralis gen. nov. and sp. nov. Some ecological and zoogeographical aspects of this new ostracode are briefly discussed. Foram coletadas 62 amostras de sedimentos de fundo e fital no infralitoral rochoso superior (< 3 m de profundidade) das regiões central e norte do Estado de Santa Catarina (26º10'/27º50'S – 48º26'/48º40'W). Os ostracodes vivos e mortos recuperados estão distribuídos em 16 famílias, destacando-se, neste trabalho, um novo gênero e espécie de Hemicytheridae ricamente descrito e ilustrado: Auricythere sublitoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. Alguns aspectos ecológicos e zoogeográficos deste novo táxon são brevemente discutidos.

Genus Bulbocythere gen. nov. Type species. Bulbocythere calida sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis. A hemicytherid, subrectangular in lateral view with a delicate posteroventral caudal process. Eye spot pronounced. Anterior margin with an anterodorsal flange in LV. Surface ornamented with tubercles, mostly of them slightly aligned in rows. Hinge holamphidont with median element smooth and the posterior one bilobate. Central muscle scars an oblique row of four adductors, the middle two subdivided; two frontal scars. Inner margin with a delicate anterior vestibule. Radial pore canals straight, simple and numerous. Remarks. The genus Ruggiericythere Aiello, Coimbra & Barra, 2004, a South American ostracode with a preference for temperate and cool waters, shows some similarity with Bulbocythere gen. nov. However, Ruggiericythere has a surface dominated by prominent ribs, which are primarily longitudinally disposed, and by intercostal coarse reticulation. Internally, Ruggiericythere shows three frontal muscle scars and line of concrescence coincident with the inner margin along the entire duplicature (Fig. 2). Echinocythereis Puri, 1953 somewhat resembles Bulbocythere gen. nov. externally. However, the former shows an ornamentation constituted mostly by small spines, which are sometimes superimposed on a secondary reticulate ornamentation. In addition, Echinocythereis has the two median adductor muscle scars undivided, a line of concrescence coincident with the inner margin, and a hinge with the posterior element not bilobate (Fig. 2). A superficial similarity between Bulbocythere gen. nov. and the monospecific hemicytherid genus Mimicocythere Titterton & Whatley, 2008 from the Solomon Islands, North Pacific Ocean, cannot be confirmed after in-depth comparison. Bulbocythere gen. nov. has an antimerodont hinge, line of concrescence and the inner margin coincident, and only the upper median adductor scar subdivided. Mimicocythere is inflated posteroventrally and possesses a spinose surface superimposed on the muri of a gentle reticulation. Etymology. Latin origin, bulbosus = bulbous, with reference to the ornamentation constituted by tubercles.

Coimbra, João Carlos, De Morais, Anderson L. M. (2016): On a new marine podocopid genus and species (Ostracoda: Hemicytheridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4193 (1): 167-176, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4193.1.8

Genus Bulbocythere gen. nov. Type species. Bulbocythere calida sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis. A hemicytherid, subrectangular in lateral view with a delicate posteroventral caudal process. Eye spot pronounced. Anterior margin with an anterodorsal flange in LV. Surface ornamented with tubercles, mostly of them slightly aligned in rows. Hinge holamphidont with median element smooth and the posterior one bilobate. Central muscle scars an oblique row of four adductors, the middle two subdivided; two frontal scars. Inner margin with a delicate anterior vestibule. Radial pore canals straight, simple and numerous. Remarks. The genus Ruggiericythere Aiello, Coimbra & Barra, 2004, a South American ostracode with a preference for temperate and cool waters, shows some similarity with Bulbocythere gen. nov. However, Ruggiericythere has a surface dominated by prominent ribs, which are primarily longitudinally disposed, and by intercostal coarse reticulation. Internally, Ruggiericythere shows three frontal muscle scars and line of concrescence coincident with the inner margin along the entire duplicature (Fig. 2). Echinocythereis Puri, 1953 somewhat resembles Bulbocythere gen. nov. externally. However, the former shows an ornamentation constituted mostly by small spines, which are sometimes superimposed on a secondary reticulate ornamentation. In addition, Echinocythereis has the two median adductor muscle scars undivided, a line of concrescence coincident with the inner margin, and a hinge with the posterior element not bilobate (Fig. 2). A superficial similarity between Bulbocythere gen. nov. and the monospecific hemicytherid genus Mimicocythere Titterton & Whatley, 2008 from the Solomon Islands, North Pacific Ocean, cannot be confirmed after in-depth comparison. Bulbocythere gen. nov. has an antimerodont hinge, line of concrescence and the inner margin coincident, and only the upper median adductor scar subdivided. Mimicocythere is inflated posteroventrally and possesses a spinose surface superimposed on the muri of a gentle reticulation. Etymology. Latin origin, bulbosus = bulbous, with reference to the ornamentation constituted by tubercles., Published as part of Coimbra, Jo��o Carlos & De Morais, Anderson L. M., 2016, On a new marine podocopid genus and species (Ostracoda: Hemicytheridae) from Brazil, pp. 167-176 in Zootaxa 4193 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/166659, {"references":["Aiello, G., Coimbra, J. C. & Barra, D. (2004) Ruggiericythere, a new shallow marine ostracod genus from Brazil. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 43, 71 - 90.","Titterton, R. & Whatley, R. C. (2008) Recent marine Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands. Part 4: Cytheroidea; Hemicytheridae, Thaerocytheridae. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 27, 13 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 27.1.13"]}

Bulbocythere calida sp. nov. Fig. 3: 1���18 1992 Echinocythereis ? sp.���Coimbra et al., p. 98���102, pl. 2, fig. 12, tabs. 1���4. 2008 Gen. et sp. indet.���Machado, p. 184���186, pl. 8, figs. 12���14, tabs. 4, 6 and 9. Type series. Holotype: MP-O-1396, adult female, LV. Paratypes: MP-O-2584, juvenile female, C; MP-O-2585, juvenile male, C; MP-O-2586, juvenile female; MP-O-2587, juvenile male, C; MP-O-2588, adult male, RV. Type locality. Tamandar�� Bay (8��45���S, 35��06���W), Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. Etymology. Latin origin, calidus = warm, because of its distribution being restricted to warm waters. Material. 33 carapaces and 17 valves, of which only two well-preserved valves and one eroded carapace are from adults. Dimensions. See table 2. Description. Carapace medium sized, thick-shelled and subrectangular in lateral view. Posterior cardinal angle conspicuous, mainly in LV. Maximum height anteriorly. In dorsal view, inflated-ovate. Maximum width just behind mid-length. Anterior margin rounded, with an antero-dorsal flange in LV. Posterior margin dorsally concave and convex ventrally, forming a gentle caudal process, more developed in RV. Few small blunt spines bordering both, the anterior and postero-ventral margins. Dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight and slightly converging towards the posterior end. Antero-median concavity hidden by swelling of the valves. Surface ornamented by numerous blunt tubercles with different sizes and forms, mostly of them aligned in poorly defined rows. Anteriorly, two rows run parallel to the margin converging to the prominent eye tubercle. A quite short tuberculate or undivided rib, larger in RV, extends behind the eye tubercle. Posteriorly, two almost inconspicuous short rows extend subparallel to the margin. Two anterior and three to four posterior rows radiating from the weakly developed subcentral tubercle. The tuberculate ornamentation shows a relatively high degree of variability, either between the sexes or between valves of the same sex. Normal pore canals quite numerous, scattered, very likely provided with a less conspicuous sieve structure hidden in the depth of the pore. Internally, hinge holamphidont. RV hinge has a well-developed anterior tooth and a deep post-adjacent socket with a median smooth groove ending in a bilobate subrectangular posterior tooth. Adductor muscle pattern an oblique row of four scars, the middle two subdivided. Frontal scar split in two scars, the upper one more rounded. Inner lamella moderately well developed. Line of concrescence and inner margin slightly separated anteriorly, leaving a narrow vestibule. Radial pore canals straight, simple and numerous. Sexual dimorphism pronounced. Males more elongate and slightly narrower than the females and with a relatively weakly developed ornamentation. Remarks. Bulbocythere calida gen. et sp. nov. is a peculiar hemicytherid. No similar species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. Although we have analyzed more than one thousand samples, the larger female specimen (holotype) of this rare species is smaller (0.78 mm length) than we expected for a Hemicytheridae when compared with the adult male (0.85 mm length) of the same species. However, this is not so strange since other South Atlantic hemicytherid ostracods, such as Ruggiericythere Aiello, Coimbra & Barra, 2004 and some species of Caudites Coryell & Fields, 1973 (see Coimbra & Ornellas 1987) possess the same sex-size relationship. Occurrence and distribution. Bulbocythere calida gen. et sp. nov. was recorded only in 16 shallow-shelf samples and in the Tamandar�� Bay. On the Brazilian shelf, this rare species occurs scattered along the Eastern and Northeastern warm regions, mainly on biodetritic bottoms (Fig. 1, Tab. 1). However, in the Tamandar�� Bay it is relatively more abundant, as shown in Table 1 of Coimbra et al. (1992, see Echinocythereis ? sp.)., Published as part of Coimbra, Jo��o Carlos & De Morais, Anderson L. M., 2016, On a new marine podocopid genus and species (Ostracoda: Hemicytheridae) from Brazil, pp. 167-176 in Zootaxa 4193 (1) on pages 170-173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/166659, {"references":["Aiello, G., Coimbra, J. C. & Barra, D. (2004) Ruggiericythere, a new shallow marine ostracod genus from Brazil. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 43, 71 - 90.","Coimbra, J. C. & Ornellas, L. P. (1987) The Subfamily Orionininae Puri, 1973 (Ostracoda; Hemicytheridae) in the Brazilian Continental Shelf, part II. Systematic of the genus Caudites Coryell & Fields, 1973. Pesquisas, 19, 55 - 79.","Coimbra, J. C., Ramos, M. I. F. & Sanguinetti, Y. T. (1992) Sub-Recent ostracods of the Tamandare Bay, Northeastern Brazil - a preliminary report on biofacies. Pesquisas, 19, 94 - 105."]}

Bulbocythere calida sp. nov. Fig. 3: 1−18 1992 Echinocythereis ? sp.—Coimbra et al., p. 98–102, pl. 2, fig. 12, tabs. 1–4. 2008 Gen. et sp. indet.—Machado, p. 184–186, pl. 8, figs. 12–14, tabs. 4, 6 and 9. Type series. Holotype: MP-O-1396, adult female, LV. Paratypes: MP-O-2584, juvenile female, C; MP-O-2585, juvenile male, C; MP-O-2586, juvenile female; MP-O-2587, juvenile male, C; MP-O-2588, adult male, RV. Type locality. Tamandaré Bay (8°45’S, 35°06’W), Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. Etymology. Latin origin, calidus = warm, because of its distribution being restricted to warm waters. Material. 33 carapaces and 17 valves, of which only two well-preserved valves and one eroded carapace are from adults. Dimensions. See table 2. Description. Carapace medium sized, thick-shelled and subrectangular in lateral view. Posterior cardinal angle conspicuous, mainly in LV. Maximum height anteriorly. In dorsal view, inflated-ovate. Maximum width just behind mid-length. Anterior margin rounded, with an antero-dorsal flange in LV. Posterior margin dorsally concave and convex ventrally, forming a gentle caudal process, more developed in RV. Few small blunt spines bordering both, the anterior and postero-ventral margins. Dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight and slightly converging towards the posterior end. Antero-median concavity hidden by swelling of the valves. Surface ornamented by numerous blunt tubercles with different sizes and forms, mostly of them aligned in poorly defined rows. Anteriorly, two rows run parallel to the margin converging to the prominent eye tubercle. A quite short tuberculate or undivided rib, larger in RV, extends behind the eye tubercle. Posteriorly, two almost inconspicuous short rows extend subparallel to the margin. Two anterior and three to four posterior rows radiating from the weakly developed subcentral tubercle. The tuberculate ornamentation shows a relatively high degree of variability, either between the sexes or between valves of the same sex. Normal pore canals quite numerous, scattered, very likely provided with a less conspicuous sieve structure hidden in the depth of the pore. Internally, hinge holamphidont. RV hinge has a well-developed anterior tooth and a deep post-adjacent socket with a median smooth groove ending in a bilobate subrectangular posterior tooth. Adductor muscle pattern an oblique row of four scars, the middle two subdivided. Frontal scar split in two scars, the upper one more rounded. Inner lamella moderately well developed. Line of concrescence and inner margin slightly separated anteriorly, leaving a narrow vestibule. Radial pore canals straight, simple and numerous. Sexual dimorphism pronounced. Males more elongate and slightly narrower than the females and with a relatively weakly developed ornamentation. Remarks. Bulbocythere calida gen. et sp. nov. is a peculiar hemicytherid. No similar species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. Although we have analyzed more than one thousand samples, the larger female specimen (holotype) of this rare species is smaller (0.78 mm length) than we expected for a Hemicytheridae when compared with the adult male (0.85 mm length) of the same species. However, this is not so strange since other South Atlantic hemicytherid ostracods, such as Ruggiericythere Aiello, Coimbra & Barra, 2004 and some species of Caudites Coryell & Fields, 1973 (see Coimbra & Ornellas 1987) possess the same sex-size relationship. Occurrence and distribution. Bulbocythere calida gen. et sp. nov. was recorded only in 16 shallow-shelf samples and in the Tamandaré Bay. On the Brazilian shelf, this rare species occurs scattered along the Eastern and Northeastern warm regions, mainly on biodetritic bottoms (Fig. 1, Tab. 1). However, in the Tamandaré Bay it is relatively more abundant, as shown in Table 1 of Coimbra et al. (1992, see Echinocythereis ? sp.).

The present study is a further contribution to the systematic knowledge of the shallow water marine ostracodes from the Brazilian oceanic islands. A total of 14 species belonging to 10 genera and eight families is herein identified. One new genus and species are described and illustrated: Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. In addition to this new taxon, the abundant species Loxocorniculum tricornatum Krutak, 1971, widely distributed in recent sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, north and northeast of Brazil and the Rocas Atoll, along with the cosmopolitan tropical ostracode Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, were also identified at specific level. The remaining 11 species were left at the genus level, and should provide new species. Ecological, zoo- and paleozoogeographical aspects were also briefly discussed. O presente estudo é uma contribuição para o conhecimento da sistemática dos ostracodes marinhos rasos das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Um total de 14 espécies pertencentes a 10 gêneros e oito famílias é aqui identificado. Um novo gênero e espécie são descritos e ilustrados: Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. Além desse novo táxon, foram também identificados Loxocorniculum tricornatum Krutak, 1971, espécie abundante amplamente distribuída em sedimentos recentes do Golfo do México, Caribe, norte e nordeste do Brasil e no Atol das Rocas, e o ostracode cosmopolita tropical Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948. As 11 espécies restantes foram deixadas em nível de gênero e devem fornecer novas espécies. Aspectos ecológicos e zoo- e paleozoogeográficos também foram brevemente discutidos.

The ostracod fauna from the outcroup “la faluniere” of Grignon (Lutetian, Paris Basin): stratigraphical implications. The rehabilitation of the outcroup “la faluniere” of Grignon (shell marl pit) allowed for the first time to take an almost complete section of the Paris Basin Middle Lutetian under its uncimented facies. It was the opportunity to undertake sedimentological and paleontological studies. This publication presents results of the ostracode study. More than 6000 valves or carapaces were collected and 87 species was distinguished. Three new species are described : Paracypris keiji n. sp., Neocytherideis labyrinthoidea n. sp. and Grinioneis pachycosta n. sp. The ostracodes vertical distribution in the faluns of Grignon is probably without stratigraphical signification. On the contrary, the Lutetian ostracodes associations are characteristic, as well in comparison with those of the Ypresian that with those of the Auversian or of the Barton beds. Specific diversification reflects that of th...

Urocythereis ilariae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 607A810F-773C-4F8F-91E7-D2EB5223CB7D Figs 2B; 3 G–H; 4G–H; 5G–H; 6G–H; 14; 18A–J; 19A–C, E–J Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) n. ssp. Bassiouni, 1965: pl. 40, figs 8–9. Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) subsp. – Wouters 1973: 385, pl. 2, fig. 7. Urocythereis sp. – Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli 1976: 46, pl. 22, fig. 9. ? Urocythereis sp. – Athersuch 1977: pl. 17, fig. 2. Urocythereis aff. U. favosa (Roemer) – Arbulla, Pugliese & Russo 2001: fig. 3t. ? Urocythereis sp.1 – Barra 1997: 82, pl. 4, fig. 6. Urocythereis sp.1 – Aiello et al. 2006: tables 3, 10. — Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1d. Diagnosis A large reticulate species of Urocythereis, subrectangular in lateral view, inflated-ovate in dorsal view. Reticulum with large polygonal-rounded, frequently coalescing, large fossae separated by broad muri. In the anteroventral area the muri form distinct riblets running parallel to the margin. Etymology In honour of our friend and collegue Ilaria Mazzini, in recognition of her important contribution to ostracodology. Type material (4 carapaces, 43 valves: 29 adults and 14 juveniles) Holotype IONIAN SEA: ABMC 2014 /03 Paratypes IONIAN SEA: ABMC2 014/026–036, ABMC 2014/038, ABMC 2014/042, ABMC 2014/044, ABMC 2014/046–049, ABMC 2014/063–064, ABMC 2014/069, ABMC 2014/072–073, ABMC 2014/080, ABMC 2014/097–103, ABMC 2014/120–135. Stratum typicum Recent. Locus typicus La Strea Bay (Porto Cesareo Lagoon), Southern Italy, Ionian Sea, sampling station E4, 17°54'25" N, 40°15'59" E, depth 1.5 m bsl. Description Measurements (holotype): LV: L = 0.85 mm, H = 0.44 mm (Fig. 18A). Large (L = 0.85–0.90 mm) species of Urocythereis, characterized by large fossae and strongly developed muri, subrectangular in lateral view, inflated-ovate in dorsal view. Valves strongly calcified and thick. Dorsal margin gently, unevenly convex, ventral margin weakly sinuous; anterior end broadly rounded, denticulate in the lower part; upper part of the posterior margin concave, lower part of the posterior margin convex, variably denticulate, forming short blunt caudal process located below mid-height. Maximum height at anterior cardinal angle, greatest length below mid-height. Surface of valves coarsely reticulate. Fossae, showing subrounded or irregular shape, coalesce, especially in marginal areas, forming both multiple anastomized elongated fossae and deep sulci parallel to margin. The corresponding muri tend to form a system of concentric riblets. Marginal rim starts from anterior part of dorsal margin, behind eye tubercle (Fig. 19C), and ends in posteroventral angle. Second riblet, constantly well developed, runs parallel to margin of valve except posterior end. This ocular riblet is connected with eye tubercle and rises above dorsal margin. Marginal rim and second riblet not connected. Third riblet, irregularly developed, delimits anteriorly the reticulum stricto sensu from subocular area to posterior part of ventral area and is connected with second riblet anteriorly, at mid height, through single radial murus; in the ventral area second and third riblets converge and, in lateral view, they seem apparently to be connected, but ventral view (Fig. 19A) shows they remain separate. The fossae between second and third riblet mainly anastomized. Fourth riblet fully part of reticulum, and shows a rather regular parallel trend only in anterocentral area. Surface of central area irregularly reticulate with subrounded/polygonal fossae with a low degree of anastomosis. Conversely, fossae located in proximity of caudal process coalesce following a longitudinal trend. Rare specimens show celation, never fully developed. Muri smooth, not papillate (Fig. 19E). Hinge holamphidont (sensu Scott 1961): in left valve posterior hinge socket elongate and curved; anterior element formed by ovate-rounded (or elongate) tooth and elongate socket; median bar smooth; its posterior thickening forms, in some cases, barely defined toothlet; right valve hinge complementary, with faintly crenulate teeth (Figs 18 I–J; 19G–J). Inner lamella, marginal pore canals and muscle scar pattern (Fig. 19F) characteristic of genus (details in Athersuch 1977). Distribution The species occurs in the Recent of the Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples (Bassiouni 1965), Sardinia (Arbulla et al. 2001), South Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce et al. 1976) and possibly Libya (see section Remarks); it has previously been recorded in fossil associations from the Tyrrhenian (upper Pleistocene) of Tunisia only (Wouters 1973). Distribution data are summarized in Fig. 14. Remarks U. ilariae sp. nov. has previously been assigned to U. favosa (Bassiouni 1965; Wouters 1973), type species of the genus Urocythereis (neotype figured by Athersuch 1977). The reticulation of U. favosa differs from that of U. ilariae sp. nov. in the different style of fossal anastomosis. This is mostly evident, for example, in the anterodorsal zone, where the continuous depressed area formed by the fossal pattern C1-C2/B1-B4 is present in U. ilariae sp. nov. and absent in the Pliocene species. The shell characters of U. exedata, described by Uliczny (1969) as a subspecies of U. favosa (SEM micrographs in Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz 2006), show a close resemblance to those of U. ilariae sp. nov., especially in the structure of the ocular riblet, homologous to Bradleya ’s “ocular ridge” (Benson 1972). The Pliocene species probably represents an ancestor of the living form. The two species differ in some reticulum features. In the anteroventral area of U. ilariae sp. nov. the third and the fourth riblets are connected ventrally and anteriorly; consequently they delimit the merged C fossae, forming an anteroventral furrow enclosed by muri. Conversely, in U. exedata the anteroventral area is characterized by a segment of the third riblet encircled by an elongated ring made up of B and C anastomized fossae, anteriorly and ventrally connected. In the anterodorsal area of U. ilariae sp. nov., the third concentric riblet is more or less developed in different specimens (Figs 2B; 18D, F), while in U. exedata in the anterodorsal area the fossae of the B group coalesce with C and D fossae, the muri follow a radial trend and consequently the third concentric riblet is virtually absent. The assignment of the North-African form, figured by Athersuch (1977) as Urocythereis sp. and by Barra (1997) as Urocythereis sp. 1, to U. ilariae sp. nov. needs further investigation. At the current state of knowledge we are inclined to interpret the morphological differences between the central Mediterranean species and the Lybian deme as the beginning of an allopatric speciation. Urocythereis margaritifera (G.W. Müller, 1894) Figs 2A; 3 A–F; 4A–F; 5A–F; 6A–F; 16A–K; 17A–J; 19D Cythere oblonga Brady, 1866: 353, pl. 59, figs 5a–d (non C. oblonga M’Coy, 1844). Cythereis margaritifera G.W. Müller, 1894: 368, pl. 32, figs 26, 29, 32, 35–37. Cythereis (Auris) distinguenda Neviani, 1928: 105 (synonymy only) (non p. 105 description and pl. 2, figs 91–93). Urocythereis margaritifera alba Uliczny, 1969: 65, pl. 15, fig. 9. Urocythereis sp. Athersuch, 1977: pl. 17, fig. 5. Urocythereis sp. 2 Barra, 1997: 82-83, pl. 4, fig.8. Urocythereis sp. 3 Barra, 1997: 83, pl. 4, fig. 11. Hemicythere (Urocythereis) margaritifera – Ruggieri 1953: 94, pl. 6, fig. 1. Urocythereis britannica Athersuch – Kubanc 1995: 32–33, pl. 8, figs 4a–b. Urocythereis crenulosa (Terquem) – Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz 2006: pl. 6, fig. 9 (non pl. 8, fig. 1; non Cythere crenulosa Terquem, 1878). Urocythereis distinguenda – Athersuch 1977: 257, 259, pl. 7, figs 1–6; pl. 8, figs 1–6; pl. 9, figs 1–5; pl. 12, figs 5–6; figs 3c–d. — Athersuch 1979: fig. 2.19. — Aiello et al. 2006: tabs. 3, 7, 10. — Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1b. Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) – Barbeito-Gonzalez 1971: 279, pl. 13, figs 1b, 3b, 4b, 6b, pl. 46, figs 24- 27 (non pl. 13, figs 2b, 5b, pl. 46, figs 28–29). — Doruk 1974: pl. 38, fig. 3, pl. 40, figs 1–3 (non pl. 34, figs 1-2, pl. 38, figs 1-2). — Puri 1974: pl. 13, fig. 3. — Tunoglu 1999: pl. 7, fig. 1. Urocythereis aff. U. favosa – Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli 1976: 45, pl. 22, fig. 8 (sic fig. 7). ? Urocythereis favosa – Triantaphyllou, Tsourou, Koukousioura & Dermitzakis 2005: pl. 3, fig 11. Urocythereis margaritifera – Athersuch 1977: 260, 262, pl. 12, figs 1–4; pl. 13, figs 1–6; pl. 14, figs 1–5; figs 3e–f. — Tsapralis 1981: 100, pl. 1, fig. 1. — Lachenal 1989: 175–176, pl. 3, fig. 14. — Kubanç 1995: 31–32, pl. 8, figs 3a–c. — Aiello et al. 2006: tabs. 3, 5. — Perçin-Paçal & Balkis 2012: pl. 2, fig. 3. — Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1a. ? Urocythereis margaritifera – Aranki 1987: 72, pl. 19, figs 5–7. — Stancheva 1989: pl. 2, fig. 9. — &Scedil;afak, Av&scedil;ar & Meriç 1999: pl. 3, fig. 12. Urocythereis cf. U. margaritifera – Arbulla, Pugliese & Russo 2001: fig. 3s. Urocythereis ? margaritifera – Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1c. Urocythereis margaritifera alba – Breman 1976: 63-64, pl. 9, fig. 124. — Aiello, Barra, De Pippo & Donadio 2012: pl. 2, fig. 8. ? Urocythereis margaritifera alba – Uffenorde 1972: 79, pl. 8, fig. 9. Urocythereis margaritifera margaritifera – Uliczny 1969: 65, pl. 15, fig. 8. ? Urocythereis margaritifera margaritifera – Sissingh 1972: 128, pl. 10, fig. 8. Urocythereis seminulum (Seguenza) – &Scedil;afak, Av&scedil;ar & Meriç 1999: pl. 3, fig. 11. Urocythereis sp. – Mostafawi, 1994: 107, pl. 7, fig. 6. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the infralittoral waters of the Eastern Mediterranean (Brady 1866; Barbeito-Gonzalez 1971; Doruk 1974; Athersuch 1977, 1979; Kubanç 1995; Tunoglu 1999; Perçin- Paçal & Balkis 2012), the Tyrrhenian Sea (G.W. Müller 1894; Puri 1974) and the southern Mediterranean (Athersuch 1977; Lachenal 1989; Barra 1997). Recordings from the Black Sea are uncertain: the specimen figured by Stancheva (1989) is a young instar, and Schornikov (1969) reported Müller’s original drawings. The species is present in the southern part of the Adriatic Sea; the findings in the central and northern Adriatic are doubtful (Uffenorde 1972; Bonaduce et al. 1976; Breman 1976). Fossil specimens have been reported from the Upper Pleistocene–Holocene of the Gulf of Gabès (Lachenal 1989), the Pleistocene of Southern Italy (Ruggieri 1953; Aiello et al. 2012), Zakynthos (Tsapralis 1981), the Northern Peloponnesus (Mostafawi 1994) and, possibly, Rhodes (Sissingh 1972) and from the Pliocene of Cephalonia (Uliczny 1969). Distribution data are summarized in Fig. 14. The presence of the species in Miocene sediments (&Scedil;afak et al. 1999) has to be confirmed by further studies. Remarks The analysis of the shell features of the Urocythereis population in the La Strea Bay and comparisons with the literature have convinced us that U. margaritifera and U. distinguenda (= U. oblonga) are two morphotypes of the same species. In particular, we consider the latter “species” as the celated variation of the former. Celation is not expressed homogeneously on the valves in all the specimens; consequently, also “transitional” shells show different morphs. The original illustration by Müller (1894: pl. 32, fig. 26) shows anteroventral fossae horizontally merged; the lectotype reported by Athersuch (1977: pl. 13, fig. 2) and the Libyan specimen figured by Barra (1997, as U. sp. 2) shows the same feature. Presently, we do not regard this character as diagnostic, due to the observed variability. Athersuch (1977) figured some appendages, including the right copulatory appendage, of U. distinguenda and the left copulatory appendage of U. margaritifera. Regarding the discrimination of the two species, the author stated that in U. margaritifera the ductus ejaculatorius is short and is contained within the area of the appendage, whereas in U. distinguenda the duct is much longer and passes beyond the ventral margin. Examination of Athersuch’s illustrations (figs 4.d; 5.i) and a comparison with Müller’s drawing of the male copulatory appendage of Cythereis margaritifera (pl. 32, fig. 32) show that only very subtle differences are present and they represent, in our opinion, intraspecific variations. The maximum mesh size is reached in the subspecies Urocythereis margaritifera alba Uliczny, 1969. This form, in which celation is not developed, does not occur in the La Strea Bay. In some specimens the SEM micrographs revealed a feeble trace of the muri underlying the secondary calcification, as shown in Fig. 15. The comparison of this hidden reticulation with the specimens figured by Uliczny (1969), Breman (1976) and Aiello et al. (2012) suggests that U. m. alba is a non-celate morphotype of U. margaritifera. The North Adriatic form figured by Uffenorde (1972) (very similar to the Pliocene specimen figured by &Scedil;afak et al. 1999 as U. margaritifera) shows some tiny differences in the reticulation pattern and the assignment to U. margaritifera is queried. The Libyan form figured by Athersuch (1977: pl. 17, fig. 5) as U. sp. and by Barra (1997) as U. sp. 3 fits the U. margaritifera morph c (Fig. 17E) well. The left valve, figured by Aranki (1987) from the western Mediterranean shallow waters, shows some minor differences in the reniform outline and in some details of the reticulum. The relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic forms (i.e., between U. margaritifera and U. britannica, frequently reported as U. oblonga) need further investigations. Ruggieri (1953) hypothesized that U. favosa and U. margaritifera might be conspecific, the latter species representing a subspecies of the former. In spite of the similarity of the two forms, some features of the reticulum seem to allow a separation of the two species. In U. favosa (neotype figured in Athersuch 1977) the fossae B3 and B4 are merged, as well as C3 and C4; in U. margaritifera they are distinct; in U. favosa the fossae D2-D1 and α4 coalesce while in U. margaritifera they are distinct. In the caudal group the fossa Cg 4 in U. margaritifera is separate, whereas in U. favosa the arrangement of the fossae is similar to that in U. ilariae sp. nov. In the La Strea Bay, and possibly in the Recent of the Mediterranean, U. favosa s.s. is not recorded and we prefer to retain them as separate species. Some Urocythereis spp. from the Pliocene of Rhodes have been described by Terquem (1878) and figured by Mostafawi (1989). They are distinct from U. margaritifera in some characters of the reticulum. By contrast, the specimen from Cephalonia figured by Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) as U. crenulosa fits well with some specimens of U. margaritifera from Porto Cesareo. The Atlantic forms reported as U. britannica and (erroneously) as U. oblonga (e.g., Guillaume et al. 1985; Ruiz et al. 2006) show a high variability and a complex affinity with U. margaritifera and U. favosa and they have not been considered in the present study.

Urocythereis ilariae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 607A810F-773C-4F8F-91E7-D2EB5223CB7D Figs 2B; 3 G���H; 4G���H; 5G���H; 6G���H; 14; 18A���J; 19A���C, E���J Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) n. ssp. Bassiouni, 1965: pl. 40, figs 8���9. Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) subsp. ��� Wouters 1973: 385, pl. 2, fig. 7. Urocythereis sp. ��� Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli 1976: 46, pl. 22, fig. 9. ? Urocythereis sp. ��� Athersuch 1977: pl. 17, fig. 2. Urocythereis aff. U. favosa (Roemer) ��� Arbulla, Pugliese & Russo 2001: fig. 3t. ? Urocythereis sp.1 ��� Barra 1997: 82, pl. 4, fig. 6. Urocythereis sp.1 ��� Aiello et al. 2006: tables 3, 10. ��� Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1d. Diagnosis A large reticulate species of Urocythereis, subrectangular in lateral view, inflated-ovate in dorsal view. Reticulum with large polygonal-rounded, frequently coalescing, large fossae separated by broad muri. In the anteroventral area the muri form distinct riblets running parallel to the margin. Etymology In honour of our friend and collegue Ilaria Mazzini, in recognition of her important contribution to ostracodology. Type material (4 carapaces, 43 valves: 29 adults and 14 juveniles) Holotype IONIAN SEA: ABMC 2014 /03 Paratypes IONIAN SEA: ABMC2 014/026���036, ABMC 2014/038, ABMC 2014/042, ABMC 2014/044, ABMC 2014/046���049, ABMC 2014/063���064, ABMC 2014/069, ABMC 2014/072���073, ABMC 2014/080, ABMC 2014/097���103, ABMC 2014/120���135. Stratum typicum Recent. Locus typicus La Strea Bay (Porto Cesareo Lagoon), Southern Italy, Ionian Sea, sampling station E4, 17��54'25" N, 40��15'59" E, depth 1.5 m bsl. Description Measurements (holotype): LV: L = 0.85 mm, H = 0.44 mm (Fig. 18A). Large (L = 0.85���0.90 mm) species of Urocythereis, characterized by large fossae and strongly developed muri, subrectangular in lateral view, inflated-ovate in dorsal view. Valves strongly calcified and thick. Dorsal margin gently, unevenly convex, ventral margin weakly sinuous; anterior end broadly rounded, denticulate in the lower part; upper part of the posterior margin concave, lower part of the posterior margin convex, variably denticulate, forming short blunt caudal process located below mid-height. Maximum height at anterior cardinal angle, greatest length below mid-height. Surface of valves coarsely reticulate. Fossae, showing subrounded or irregular shape, coalesce, especially in marginal areas, forming both multiple anastomized elongated fossae and deep sulci parallel to margin. The corresponding muri tend to form a system of concentric riblets. Marginal rim starts from anterior part of dorsal margin, behind eye tubercle (Fig. 19C), and ends in posteroventral angle. Second riblet, constantly well developed, runs parallel to margin of valve except posterior end. This ocular riblet is connected with eye tubercle and rises above dorsal margin. Marginal rim and second riblet not connected. Third riblet, irregularly developed, delimits anteriorly the reticulum stricto sensu from subocular area to posterior part of ventral area and is connected with second riblet anteriorly, at mid height, through single radial murus; in the ventral area second and third riblets converge and, in lateral view, they seem apparently to be connected, but ventral view (Fig. 19A) shows they remain separate. The fossae between second and third riblet mainly anastomized. Fourth riblet fully part of reticulum, and shows a rather regular parallel trend only in anterocentral area. Surface of central area irregularly reticulate with subrounded/polygonal fossae with a low degree of anastomosis. Conversely, fossae located in proximity of caudal process coalesce following a longitudinal trend. Rare specimens show celation, never fully developed. Muri smooth, not papillate (Fig. 19E). Hinge holamphidont (sensu Scott 1961): in left valve posterior hinge socket elongate and curved; anterior element formed by ovate-rounded (or elongate) tooth and elongate socket; median bar smooth; its posterior thickening forms, in some cases, barely defined toothlet; right valve hinge complementary, with faintly crenulate teeth (Figs 18 I���J; 19G���J). Inner lamella, marginal pore canals and muscle scar pattern (Fig. 19F) characteristic of genus (details in Athersuch 1977). Distribution The species occurs in the Recent of the Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples (Bassiouni 1965), Sardinia (Arbulla et al. 2001), South Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce et al. 1976) and possibly Libya (see section Remarks); it has previously been recorded in fossil associations from the Tyrrhenian (upper Pleistocene) of Tunisia only (Wouters 1973). Distribution data are summarized in Fig. 14. Remarks U. ilariae sp. nov. has previously been assigned to U. favosa (Bassiouni 1965; Wouters 1973), type species of the genus Urocythereis (neotype figured by Athersuch 1977). The reticulation of U. favosa differs from that of U. ilariae sp. nov. in the different style of fossal anastomosis. This is mostly evident, for example, in the anterodorsal zone, where the continuous depressed area formed by the fossal pattern C1-C2/B1-B4 is present in U. ilariae sp. nov. and absent in the Pliocene species. The shell characters of U. exedata, described by Uliczny (1969) as a subspecies of U. favosa (SEM micrographs in Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz 2006), show a close resemblance to those of U. ilariae sp. nov., especially in the structure of the ocular riblet, homologous to Bradleya ���s ���ocular ridge��� (Benson 1972). The Pliocene species probably represents an ancestor of the living form. The two species differ in some reticulum features. In the anteroventral area of U. ilariae sp. nov. the third and the fourth riblets are connected ventrally and anteriorly; consequently they delimit the merged C fossae, forming an anteroventral furrow enclosed by muri. Conversely, in U. exedata the anteroventral area is characterized by a segment of the third riblet encircled by an elongated ring made up of B and C anastomized fossae, anteriorly and ventrally connected. In the anterodorsal area of U. ilariae sp. nov., the third concentric riblet is more or less developed in different specimens (Figs 2B; 18D, F), while in U. exedata in the anterodorsal area the fossae of the B group coalesce with C and D fossae, the muri follow a radial trend and consequently the third concentric riblet is virtually absent. The assignment of the North-African form, figured by Athersuch (1977) as Urocythereis sp. and by Barra (1997) as Urocythereis sp. 1, to U. ilariae sp. nov. needs further investigation. At the current state of knowledge we are inclined to interpret the morphological differences between the central Mediterranean species and the Lybian deme as the beginning of an allopatric speciation. Urocythereis margaritifera (G.W. M��ller, 1894) Figs 2A; 3 A���F; 4A���F; 5A���F; 6A���F; 16A���K; 17A���J; 19D Cythere oblonga Brady, 1866: 353, pl. 59, figs 5a���d (non C. oblonga M���Coy, 1844). Cythereis margaritifera G.W. M��ller, 1894: 368, pl. 32, figs 26, 29, 32, 35���37. Cythereis (Auris) distinguenda Neviani, 1928: 105 (synonymy only) (non p. 105 description and pl. 2, figs 91���93). Urocythereis margaritifera alba Uliczny, 1969: 65, pl. 15, fig. 9. Urocythereis sp. Athersuch, 1977: pl. 17, fig. 5. Urocythereis sp. 2 Barra, 1997: 82-83, pl. 4, fig.8. Urocythereis sp. 3 Barra, 1997: 83, pl. 4, fig. 11. Hemicythere (Urocythereis) margaritifera ��� Ruggieri 1953: 94, pl. 6, fig. 1. Urocythereis britannica Athersuch ��� Kubanc 1995: 32���33, pl. 8, figs 4a���b. Urocythereis crenulosa (Terquem) ��� Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz 2006: pl. 6, fig. 9 (non pl. 8, fig. 1; non Cythere crenulosa Terquem, 1878). Urocythereis distinguenda ��� Athersuch 1977: 257, 259, pl. 7, figs 1���6; pl. 8, figs 1���6; pl. 9, figs 1���5; pl. 12, figs 5���6; figs 3c���d. ��� Athersuch 1979: fig. 2.19. ��� Aiello et al. 2006: tabs. 3, 7, 10. ��� Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1b. Urocythereis favosa (Roemer) ��� Barbeito-Gonzalez 1971: 279, pl. 13, figs 1b, 3b, 4b, 6b, pl. 46, figs 24- 27 (non pl. 13, figs 2b, 5b, pl. 46, figs 28���29). ��� Doruk 1974: pl. 38, fig. 3, pl. 40, figs 1���3 (non pl. 34, figs 1-2, pl. 38, figs 1-2). ��� Puri 1974: pl. 13, fig. 3. ��� Tunoglu 1999: pl. 7, fig. 1. Urocythereis aff. U. favosa ��� Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli 1976: 45, pl. 22, fig. 8 (sic fig. 7). ? Urocythereis favosa ��� Triantaphyllou, Tsourou, Koukousioura & Dermitzakis 2005: pl. 3, fig 11. Urocythereis margaritifera ��� Athersuch 1977: 260, 262, pl. 12, figs 1���4; pl. 13, figs 1���6; pl. 14, figs 1���5; figs 3e���f. ��� Tsapralis 1981: 100, pl. 1, fig. 1. ��� Lachenal 1989: 175���176, pl. 3, fig. 14. ��� Kuban�� 1995: 31���32, pl. 8, figs 3a���c. ��� Aiello et al. 2006: tabs. 3, 5. ��� Per��in-Pa��al & Balkis 2012: pl. 2, fig. 3. ��� Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1a. ? Urocythereis margaritifera ��� Aranki 1987: 72, pl. 19, figs 5���7. ��� Stancheva 1989: pl. 2, fig. 9. ��� &Scedil;afak, Av&scedil;ar & Meri�� 1999: pl. 3, fig. 12. Urocythereis cf. U. margaritifera ��� Arbulla, Pugliese & Russo 2001: fig. 3s. Urocythereis ? margaritifera ��� Aiello, Barra & Parisi 2013: fig. 1c. Urocythereis margaritifera alba ��� Breman 1976: 63-64, pl. 9, fig. 124. ��� Aiello, Barra, De Pippo & Donadio 2012: pl. 2, fig. 8. ? Urocythereis margaritifera alba ��� Uffenorde 1972: 79, pl. 8, fig. 9. Urocythereis margaritifera margaritifera ��� Uliczny 1969: 65, pl. 15, fig. 8. ? Urocythereis margaritifera margaritifera ��� Sissingh 1972: 128, pl. 10, fig. 8. Urocythereis seminulum (Seguenza) ��� &Scedil;afak, Av&scedil;ar & Meri�� 1999: pl. 3, fig. 11. Urocythereis sp. ��� Mostafawi, 1994: 107, pl. 7, fig. 6. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the infralittoral waters of the Eastern Mediterranean (Brady 1866; Barbeito-Gonzalez 1971; Doruk 1974; Athersuch 1977, 1979; Kuban�� 1995; Tunoglu 1999; Per��in- Pa��al & Balkis 2012), the Tyrrhenian Sea (G.W. M��ller 1894; Puri 1974) and the southern Mediterranean (Athersuch 1977; Lachenal 1989; Barra 1997). Recordings from the Black Sea are uncertain: the specimen figured by Stancheva (1989) is a young instar, and Schornikov (1969) reported M��ller���s original drawings. The species is present in the southern part of the Adriatic Sea; the findings in the central and northern Adriatic are doubtful (Uffenorde 1972; Bonaduce et al. 1976; Breman 1976). Fossil specimens have been reported from the Upper Pleistocene���Holocene of the Gulf of Gab��s (Lachenal 1989), the Pleistocene of Southern Italy (Ruggieri 1953; Aiello et al. 2012), Zakynthos (Tsapralis 1981), the Northern Peloponnesus (Mostafawi 1994) and, possibly, Rhodes (Sissingh 1972) and from the Pliocene of Cephalonia (Uliczny 1969). Distribution data are summarized in Fig. 14. The presence of the species in Miocene sediments (&Scedil;afak et al. 1999) has to be confirmed by further studies. Remarks The analysis of the shell features of the Urocythereis population in the La Strea Bay and comparisons with the literature have convinced us that U. margaritifera and U. distinguenda (= U. oblonga) are two morphotypes of the same species. In particular, we consider the latter ���species��� as the celated variation of the former. Celation is not expressed homogeneously on the valves in all the specimens; consequently, also ���transitional��� shells show different morphs. The original illustration by M��ller (1894: pl. 32, fig. 26) shows anteroventral fossae horizontally merged; the lectotype reported by Athersuch (1977: pl. 13, fig. 2) and the Libyan specimen figured by Barra (1997, as U. sp. 2) shows the same feature. Presently, we do not regard this character as diagnostic, due to the observed variability. Athersuch (1977) figured some appendages, including the right copulatory appendage, of U. distinguenda and the left copulatory appendage of U. margaritifera. Regarding the discrimination of the two species, the author stated that in U. margaritifera the ductus ejaculatorius is short and is contained within the area of the appendage, whereas in U. distinguenda the duct is much longer and passes beyond the ventral margin. Examination of Athersuch���s illustrations (figs 4.d; 5.i) and a comparison with M��ller���s drawing of the male copulatory appendage of Cythereis margaritifera (pl. 32, fig. 32) show that only very subtle differences are present and they represent, in our opinion, intraspecific variations. The maximum mesh size is reached in the subspecies Urocythereis margaritifera alba Uliczny, 1969. This form, in which celation is not developed, does not occur in the La Strea Bay. In some specimens the SEM micrographs revealed a feeble trace of the muri underlying the secondary calcification, as shown in Fig. 15. The comparison of this hidden reticulation with the specimens figured by Uliczny (1969), Breman (1976) and Aiello et al. (2012) suggests that U. m. alba is a non-celate morphotype of U. margaritifera. The North Adriatic form figured by Uffenorde (1972) (very similar to the Pliocene specimen figured by &Scedil;afak et al. 1999 as U. margaritifera) shows some tiny differences in the reticulation pattern and the assignment to U. margaritifera is queried. The Libyan form figured by Athersuch (1977: pl. 17, fig. 5) as U. sp. and by Barra (1997) as U. sp. 3 fits the U. margaritifera morph c (Fig. 17E) well. The left valve, figured by Aranki (1987) from the western Mediterranean shallow waters, shows some minor differences in the reniform outline and in some details of the reticulum. The relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic forms (i.e., between U. margaritifera and U. britannica, frequently reported as U. oblonga) need further investigations. Ruggieri (1953) hypothesized that U. favosa and U. margaritifera might be conspecific, the latter species representing a subspecies of the former. In spite of the similarity of the two forms, some features of the reticulum seem to allow a separation of the two species. In U. favosa (neotype figured in Athersuch 1977) the fossae B3 and B4 are merged, as well as C3 and C4; in U. margaritifera they are distinct; in U. favosa the fossae D2-D1 and ��4 coalesce while in U. margaritifera they are distinct. In the caudal group the fossa Cg 4 in U. margaritifera is separate, whereas in U. favosa the arrangement of the fossae is similar to that in U. ilariae sp. nov. In the La Strea Bay, and possibly in the Recent of the Mediterranean, U. favosa s.s. is not recorded and we prefer to retain them as separate species. Some Urocythereis spp. from the Pliocene of Rhodes have been described by Terquem (1878) and figured by Mostafawi (1989). They are distinct from U. margaritifera in some characters of the reticulum. By contrast, the specimen from Cephalonia figured by Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) as U. crenulosa fits well with some specimens of U. margaritifera from Porto Cesareo. The Atlantic forms reported as U. britannica and (erroneously) as U. oblonga (e.g., Guillaume et al. 1985; Ruiz et al. 2006) show a high variability and a complex affinity with U. margaritifera and U. favosa and they have not been considered in the present study., Published as part of Aiello, Giuseppe, Barra, Diana & Parisi, Roberta, 2016, Intra- and interspecific shell variability of the genus Urocythereis Ruggieri, 1950 (Ostracoda: Hemicytheridae) in the La Strea Bay (Ionian Sea, Italy), pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 193 on pages 18-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.193, http://zenodo.org/record/3837791, {"references":["Bassiouni M. A. 1965. Ostracoden aus dem \" Pliozan \" von Kom el Shelul, Pyramiden-Plateau, Gizeh (Agypten). Geologisches Jahrbuch 82: 631 - 653.","Wouters K. 1973. 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Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, Memoires 9, Pau.","Ruiz F., Abad M., Carbonel P. & Munoz J. M. 2006. Polymorphism in recent ostracods of southwestern Spain: an environmental approach. Geobios 39: 311 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2004.09.003"]}

The variability of the reticulum pattern, ornamentation and outline of the Urocythereis populations of the La Strea Bay is analysed. The results show that the shell features of the form U. distinguenda (Neviani, 1928) (= U. oblonga Brady, 1866) have to be included within the high variability range of U. margaritifera (G.W. Müller, 1894). Consequently, it is suggested that in the upper infralittoral waters of the inlet two (and not three, as stated in previous investigations) species of the genus Urocythereis presently live. A second form, displaying a relatively low variability, is described as a new species, U. ilariae sp. nov. © 2017, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. All rights reserved.

Auricythere sublitoralis sp. nov. (Figs 2-21) Mutilus sp. 1 DIAS- BRITO et al., 1988:480, Pl. 2: 45. Auradilus sp. MACHADO et al., 2005:240, Pl. 2: 16. Type material. Holotype, MP-O-2467, carapace, &female;, length: 0.56 mm; height: 0.33 mm. Paratypes. MP-O-2468, carapace, &male;, length: 0.54 mm; height: 0.30 mm; MP-O-2469, A-1 carapace, &female;, length: 0.52 mm; height: 0.30 mm; width: 0.24 mm; MP-O-2470, carapace, &male;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.30 mm; width: 0.24 mm; MPO-2471, A-1 carapace, &female;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.31 mm; MP-O-2472, carapace, &male;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.30 mm; MP-O-2473, A-1 carapace, &male;, length: 0.52 mm; height: 0.28 mm. Etymology. From Latin origin, sublitoralis = situated near the seashore, because of its first record being restricted to very shallow coastal waters. Type locality. Holotype: sample M0943N, Porto Belo town, Estaleiro beach, 27°07’S / 48°31’W, on algae. Paratypes: MP-O-2468, sample M0941N; MP-O-2469 and MP-O-2473, sample M0961N; MP-O-2470, sample M0942N; MP-O-2471N, sample M0947N; MP-O-2472, sample M0943N. For more details, see Tab. I. Occurrence. See Tab. I. Description. Carapace small, thick-shelled, somewhat ear-shaped mainly in LV lateral view. Maximum height at anterior cardinal angle. In dorsal view, compressed and with subparallel sides. Maximum width in the posterior region, poorly defined. LV conspicuously larger than RV, the margin of which overlaps it in dorsal region and immediately above the caudal process. In lateral view, anterior margin rounded, gently concave immediately in front of the anterior cardinal angle in RV. Posterior margin with discrete caudal process, more developed in RV. Dorsal margin slightly convex, sloping posteriorly, obscured by the ornamentation in LV. Ventral margin sinuous, with evident oral concavity more developed in RV. Surface ornamented by numerous ribs intercalated by depressed and reticulate areas. Ribs predominantly low, thick and somewhat truncated. Posterior region with a vertical rib subparallel to the correspondent margin, bifurcated at the top and the bottom: at the top, a short branch runs forwards and upwards while the second one reaches the posterior cardinal angle; at the base, a longer and sinuous branch runs forwards and downwards while the shorter and more rectilinear branch runs downward, turning forward before reaching the ventral margin. Eye tubercle conspicuous, crossed by a strong rib, more robust in its anterior branch that ends at about half height.Ventro-lateral rib delicate, not overlapping the corresponding margin. Six to seven well-developed reticulae adjacent to the anterior margin. Normal pore-canals sieve-type, scattered on the costae and muri. Internal view. Accommodation groove well developed in LV. Hinge holamphidont. LV posterior socket with a conspicuous aurila-tooth and an auxiliary small anti-slip tooth at its posterior end (sensu JELLINEK, 1995). Large duplicature with a conspicuous selvage nearest to the external margin anteriorly. Anterior vestibule narrow and elongated. Radial pore-canals numerous, simple and straight, more abundant anteriorly. Central muscle scars with three frontal and four adductors (1+2+1+1), as follows: dorsal rounded, dorsomedian subdivided, dorsoventral sinuous and elongated, and ventral subelliptical. The frontal ones sometimes not well defined; upper and middle scars frequently somewhat anastomosed. Sexual dimorphism not prominent. Males with a little more developed caudal process and a less arched dorsal margin. Remarks. DIAS- BRITO et al. (1988) and MACHADO et al. (2005) identified erroneously specimens of Auricythere sublitoralis sp. nov. as Mutilus sp. 1 and Auradilus sp., respectively. However, BONADUCE et al. (1987) considered Mutilus Neviani, 1928 as an extinct genus whose occurrences are restricted to the Mediterranean Neogene and Quaternary. In respect to the ornamentation, Mutilus bears a typical butterfly-shape in the central area of the valves, present in all its species. Besides, this aurilinid fossil genus possesses a well-defined frame-rib, not developed in A. sublitoralis sp. nov. On the other hand, Auradilus features outline, ornamentation and central muscle scarsvery different of the new ostracode herein described, as already discussed above., Published as part of de Morais, Anderson L. M. & Coimbra, João C., 2014, On a new genus and species of Hemicytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from the southern Brazilian coast, pp. 367-372 in Iheringia (Série Zoologia) (Série Zoologia) 104 (3) on page 369, DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620141043367372, http://zenodo.org/record/7803136, {"references":["DIAS- BRITO, D.; MOURA, L. A. & WURDIG, N. 1988. Re 1 ationships between ecological models based on Ostracodes and Foraminifers from Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In: HANAI, T.; IKEYA, N. & ISHIZAI, K. eds. Developments in Paleontology and Stratigraphy. v. 11. Amsterdam, Elsevier. p. 467 - 484.","MACHADO, C. P.; COIMBRA, J. C. & CARRENO, A. L. 2005. The ecological and zoogeographical significance of the sub-Recent Ostracoda off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Marine Micropaleontology 55: 235 - 253.","JELLINEK, T. 1995. The Plio-Pleistocene genus Mutilus Neviani 1955 (Ostracoda) and some of its so-called Recent descendants. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 75: 163 - 191.","BONADUCE, G.; RUGGIERI, G. & RUSSO, A. 1987. The ostracod genus Mutilus and so-called Mutilus from the Mediterranean Miocene-Pleistocene. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 26: 251 - 268."]}

Auricythere sublitoralis sp. nov. (Figs 2-21) Mutilus sp. 1 DIAS- BRITO et al., 1988:480, Pl. 2: 45. Auradilus sp. MACHADO et al., 2005:240, Pl. 2: 16. Type material. Holotype, MP-O-2467, carapace, &female;, length: 0.56 mm; height: 0.33 mm. Paratypes. MP-O-2468, carapace, &male;, length: 0.54 mm; height: 0.30 mm; MP-O-2469, A-1 carapace, &female;, length: 0.52 mm; height: 0.30 mm; width: 0.24 mm; MP-O-2470, carapace, &male;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.30 mm; width: 0.24 mm; MPO-2471, A-1 carapace, &female;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.31 mm; MP-O-2472, carapace, &male;, length: 0.53 mm; height: 0.30 mm; MP-O-2473, A-1 carapace, &male;, length: 0.52 mm; height: 0.28 mm. Etymology. From Latin origin, sublitoralis = situated near the seashore, because of its first record being restricted to very shallow coastal waters. Type locality. Holotype: sample M0943N, Porto Belo town, Estaleiro beach, 27°07’S / 48°31’W, on algae. Paratypes: MP-O-2468, sample M0941N; MP-O-2469 and MP-O-2473, sample M0961N; MP-O-2470, sample M0942N; MP-O-2471N, sample M0947N; MP-O-2472, sample M0943N. For more details, see Tab. I. Occurrence. See Tab. I. Description. Carapace small, thick-shelled, somewhat ear-shaped mainly in LV lateral view. Maximum height at anterior cardinal angle. In dorsal view, compressed and with subparallel sides. Maximum width in the posterior region, poorly defined. LV conspicuously larger than RV, the margin of which overlaps it in dorsal region and immediately above the caudal process. In lateral view, anterior margin rounded, gently concave immediately in front of the anterior cardinal angle in RV. Posterior margin with discrete caudal process, more developed in RV. Dorsal margin slightly convex, sloping posteriorly, obscured by the ornamentation in LV. Ventral margin sinuous, with evident oral concavity more developed in RV. Surface ornamented by numerous ribs intercalated by depressed and reticulate areas. Ribs predominantly low, thick and somewhat truncated. Posterior region with a vertical rib subparallel to the correspondent margin, bifurcated at the top and the bottom: at the top, a short branch runs forwards and upwards while the second one reaches the posterior cardinal angle; at the base, a longer and sinuous branch runs forwards and downwards while the shorter and more rectilinear branch runs downward, turning forward before reaching the ventral margin. Eye tubercle conspicuous, crossed by a strong rib, more robust in its anterior branch that ends at about half height.Ventro-lateral rib delicate, not overlapping the corresponding margin. Six to seven well-developed reticulae adjacent to the anterior margin. Normal pore-canals sieve-type, scattered on the costae and muri. Internal view. Accommodation groove well developed in LV. Hinge holamphidont. LV posterior socket with a conspicuous aurila-tooth and an auxiliary small anti-slip tooth at its posterior end (sensu JELLINEK, 1995). Large duplicature with a conspicuous selvage nearest to the external margin anteriorly. Anterior vestibule narrow and elongated. Radial pore-canals numerous, simple and straight, more abundant anteriorly. Central muscle scars with three frontal and four adductors (1+2+1+1), as follows: dorsal rounded, dorsomedian subdivided, dorsoventral sinuous and elongated, and ventral subelliptical. The frontal ones sometimes not well defined; upper and middle scars frequently somewhat anastomosed. Sexual dimorphism not prominent. Males with a little more developed caudal process and a less arched dorsal margin. Remarks. DIAS- BRITO et al. (1988) and MACHADO et al. (2005) identified erroneously specimens of Auricythere sublitoralis sp. nov. as Mutilus sp. 1 and Auradilus sp., respectively. However, BONADUCE et al. (1987) considered Mutilus Neviani, 1928 as an extinct genus whose occurrences are restricted to the Mediterranean Neogene and Quaternary. In respect to the ornamentation, Mutilus bears a typical butterfly-shape in the central area of the valves, present in all its species. Besides, this aurilinid fossil genus possesses a well-defined frame-rib, not developed in A. sublitoralis sp. nov. On the other hand, Auradilus features outline, ornamentation and central muscle scarsvery different of the new ostracode herein described, as already discussed above.

Auricythere gen. nov. Type species: Auricythere sublitoralis sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis. Carapace small, somewhat ear-shaped mainly in LV lateral view. LV conspicuously larger than RV; overlap pronounced in dorsal region and immediately above the caudal process. Surface ornamented by costae and reticulae. Ribs predominantly low, thick and somewhat truncated. Ocular tubercle well developed, crossed by a strong rib. Ventro-lateral rib not superimposed on the corresponding margin. Posterior region with vertical rib bifurcated at the top and the bottom. Accommodation groove well developed. Hinge holamphidont; LV posterior socket with a conspicuous aurila-tooth and an auxiliary anti-slip tooth at its posterior end (sensu JELLINEK, 1995). Central muscle scars with three frontal and four adductors (1+2+1+1). The frontal ones sometimes not well defined; upper and middle scars frequently somewhat anastomosed. Large duplicature with anterior vestibule. Radial porecanals numerous, simple and straight. Sexual dimorphism not prominent; females a bit higher and longer. Etimology. From Latin origin, auris = outline similar a human ear. Remarks. According to BENSON (1961), the hemicytherid ostracodes invariably have one or two of the four adductor scars subdivided. However, HAZEL (1967) claims that Hemicytherinae is the only subfamily of Hemicytheridae with one or more subdivided adductor scars. Regarding to the frontal muscle scars, Hemicytherinae can be subdivided into two groups with two or three scars (BENSON, 1961; MORKHOVEN, 1963; HAZEL, 1967). JELLINEK (1995, tab. 2) presents a comparative table of the genera grouped into the Tribe Aurilini, highlighting that this would be the only tribe to include genera of Hemicytherinae with two frontal scars. HAZEL (1967) proposes that Hemicytherinae should be subdivided into three major groups: Orionina -group, Aurila -group and Muelerina -group. However, HARTMANN & PURI (1974) erects, among others, the tribes Orioninini, Aurilini and Urocythereidini, and includes, in each of them, the same genera proposed by HAZEL (1967), respectively, with minor changes. In turn, YAJIMA (1982) follows the proposal of HAZEL (1967) and inserts a fourth group (monogeneric) in Hemicytherinae, Finmarchinella Swain, 1963. Diagnostic features compared among the different tribes of Hemicytherinae, confronted to those of the new genus, indicate that Auricythere gen. nov. is best allocated in Aurilini. For more details of the diagnostic characters of this tribe see JELLINEK (1995). Auricythere gen. nov. occurs in the study area along with species of two other aurilinid genera: Auradilus costatus (Hu, 1979) and Aurila ornellase Coimbra & Bergue, 2003. Auradilus Jellinek, 1995 differs from Auricythere gen. nov. by well-defined diagnostic features, such as the pattern of the adductor muscle scars [1(2)+2-2- 1] and the characteristic postero-dorsal shoulder. In turn, the highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus Aurila Pokorný, 1955 is more ear-shaped in LV lateral view and possesses a quite distinct ornamentation constituted by punctae and/ or reticulae, often concentric about mid-point; never with heavy ribs. For more details of morphological features of all Aurilini genera see JELLINEK (1995, tab. 2), and only for a review of the diagnosis of Aurila see HARRISON et al. (2000)., Published as part of de Morais, Anderson L. M. & Coimbra, João C., 2014, On a new genus and species of Hemicytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from the southern Brazilian coast, pp. 367-372 in Iheringia (Série Zoologia) (Série Zoologia) 104 (3) on pages 368-369, DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620141043367372, http://zenodo.org/record/7803136, {"references":["JELLINEK, T. 1995. The Plio-Pleistocene genus Mutilus Neviani 1955 (Ostracoda) and some of its so-called Recent descendants. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 75: 163 - 191.","BENSON, R. H.; BERDAN, J. M.; BOLD, W. A.; HANAI, T.; HESSLAND, I.; HOWE, H. V.; KENSLING, R. V.; LEVINSON, S. A.; REYMENT, R. A.; MOORE, R. C.; SCOTT, H. W.; SHAVER, R. H.; SOHN, I. G.; STOVER, L. E.; SWAIN, F. M.; SYLVESTER- BRADLEY, P. C. & WAINWRIGHT, J. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: MOORE, R. & PITRAT, C. W. eds. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. Q. Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Lawrence, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press p. 99 - 421.","HAZEL, J. E. 1967. Classification and Distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) off Northeastern North America. Journal of Paleontology 41: 1284 - 1285.","MORKHOVEN, F. P. C. M. 1963. Post-Palaeozoic Ostracoda: their morphology, taxonomy, and economic use. Vol. 2, Generic descriptions. Amsterdam, London, New York, Elsevier. 478 p.","HARTMANN, G. & PURI, H. S. 1974. Summary of Neontological and Paleontological Classification of Ostracoda. Mitteilungausdem Hamburgischen Zoologisches Museum und Institut 70: 7 - 73.","YAJIMA, M. 1982. Late Pleistocene Ostracoda from the Boso Peninsula, Central Japan. Bulletin of the University Museum of Tokyo 20: 141 - 227.","COIMBRA, J. C. & BERGUE, C. T. 2003. A new recent marine Ostracoda species (Hemicytheridae) from Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 93: 243 - 247.","HARRISON, D.; MAYBURY, C. & WHATLEY, R. C. 2000. The ostracod genus Aurila from the Pliocene of north west France. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia 32: 21 - 60."]}

Berguecythere gen. nov. Type species: Berguecythere insularis sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis. A subquadrate to subrectangular hemicytherid genus with a surface covered by reticulate ornament whose peripheral fossae can be secondarily punctate. An ear-shaped ridge, which starts around the central area, gives rise to a postero-dorsal protrusion. Internally, a very well-developed hemiamphidont hinge, the posterior terminal element of the RV being a dentate bar with 6-7 small teeth and a smooth distal area. Central muscle scars a row of four adductor with the dorso-median one subdivided; three frontal scars. Large duplicature with narrow anterior and posterior vestibular areas. Radial pore-canals numerous, straight, mostly simple with some intercalated branching ones. sp.. sp sp 1 2......1 2 sp ?. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp..1 2 sp ?. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp M 1001-N 1 -------X-----X M 1002-N 1 -------------X M 1003-N 2 X-XXXXXXX-XXX- M 1004-N 2 X-XXXXXXXXX-XX M 1005-N 2 XXXX--X-X---XX M 1008-N 2 --------X----- M 1010-N 2 X-XX-XXXX-XXXX M 1011-N 1 X-------X----X M 1012-N 2 X-XXXXX-X---XX M 1014-N 2 X-X--XXXX---XX M 1017-N 1 -------------X 1 M 1023-N X-----X-XXX-XX M 1025-N 1 X-XX-X-XX-XXXX M 1026-N 1 -----------X-- M 1030-N 1 X-X-XXX-XXXXXX M 1031-N 1 X-XX--X-X---XX M 1032-N 1 X-----X-X-X-XX M 1036-N 1 X-XX---XXXX-XXLiving153-10044-1834171,150215721669Dead (valves)386173686454423,06439456110Total539117311266378194,2142466672179Relative abundance %9.710.023.122.020.111.131.400.3475.90.431.190.111.303.22 Etymology. Berguecythere was named in honor to the Brazilian ostracodologist Cristianini Trescastro Bergue, a particular friend of the authors, in recognition of his precious contributions to the knowledge of fossil and Recent marine ostracodes. Geographical and stratigraphical distribution. At present only in the ASPSP, Equatorial Atlantic.

Berguecythere insularis sp. nov. (Figs 28-41) Aurila sp. 1 ANTONIETTO et al., 2012:42-43, Fig. 7: 10-19; Table 12. Type material. Holotype, MP-O-2433, LV, &female;, length: 0.44 mm; height: 0.25 mm. Paratypes. MP-O-2434, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2435, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2436, LV, &female;, length: 0.46 mm; height: 0.25 mm; MP-O-2437, LV, &male;, length: 0.44 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2438, RV, &male;, length: 0.43 mm; height: 0.22 mm; MP-O-2439, carapace, &female;, width: 0.20 mm; length: 0.44 mm; MP-O-2440, carapace, &male;, width: 0.18 mm; length: 0.45 mm; MP-O-2441, LV, juvenile, length: 0.37 mm; height: 0.21 mm; MP-O-2442, LV, juvenile, length: 0.31 mm; height: 0.18 mm; MP-O-2443, RV, juvenile, length: 0.25 mm; height: 0.14 mm; MP-O-2444, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm. Etymology. From Latin origin, insularis = of an island, because of its first record being restricted to an archipelago. Type locality. Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic. Occurrence. See Table III. Description. A thick-shelled genus of the subfamily Hemicytherinae, subquadrate to subrectangular in lateral view. Greatest height at the anterior cardinal angle. Anterior margin obliquely rounded. Posterior margin caudate in RV and subcaudate in LV. Dorsal margin somewhat conveX in LV and subrectilinear in RV. Ventral margin with conspicuous oral concavity. Surface covered with reticulate ornament with the peripheral fossae secondarily gently punctate. A delicate ridge, which starts at the ventral end, runs parallel to the anterior margin, crosses the well-developed eye tubercle, and becomes more slender along the dorsal margin. An ear-shaped ridge starts around the central area and ascends to its heaviest width in front at the posterior cardinal angle. From there it descends as a short stretch and turns forward and then disappears near the midlength. This ear-shaped ridge gives rise to a posterodorsal protrusion more developed in RV. Normal porecanals sieve-type. In dorsal view acuminate anteriorly, maXimum width posteriorly. In internal view, hinge robustly developed, hemiamphidont, the posterior terminal element of the RV being a dentate bar with 6-7 small teeth and a smooth distal area. Calcified inner lamella well-developed with narrow vestibulae at each end. Radial pore-canals numerous, straight, mostly simple with some intercalated branching ones. Selvage conspicuous and parallel to the outline. Adductor muscle scars a row of four scars, the dorso-median one subdivided. Three frontal scars. SeXual dimorphism conspicuous; male more elongate and less wide, and with a more secondarily reticulate dorsal region., Published as part of Coimbra, João C., Bottezini, Silvia R. & Machado, Cláudia P., 2013, Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic, with emphasis on a new Hemicytheridae genus, pp. 289-301 in Iheringia. Série Zoologia 103 (3) on page 292, DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212013000300012, http://zenodo.org/record/7826611

Berguecythere insularis sp. nov. (Figs 28-41) Aurila sp. 1 ANTONIETTO et al., 2012:42-43, Fig. 7: 10-19; Table 12. Type material. Holotype, MP-O-2433, LV, &female;, length: 0.44 mm; height: 0.25 mm. Paratypes. MP-O-2434, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2435, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2436, LV, &female;, length: 0.46 mm; height: 0.25 mm; MP-O-2437, LV, &male;, length: 0.44 mm; height: 0.23 mm; MP-O-2438, RV, &male;, length: 0.43 mm; height: 0.22 mm; MP-O-2439, carapace, &female;, width: 0.20 mm; length: 0.44 mm; MP-O-2440, carapace, &male;, width: 0.18 mm; length: 0.45 mm; MP-O-2441, LV, juvenile, length: 0.37 mm; height: 0.21 mm; MP-O-2442, LV, juvenile, length: 0.31 mm; height: 0.18 mm; MP-O-2443, RV, juvenile, length: 0.25 mm; height: 0.14 mm; MP-O-2444, RV, &female;, length: 0.42 mm; height: 0.23 mm. Etymology. From Latin origin, insularis = of an island, because of its first record being restricted to an archipelago. Type locality. Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic. Occurrence. See Table III. Description. A thick-shelled genus of the subfamily Hemicytherinae, subquadrate to subrectangular in lateral view. Greatest height at the anterior cardinal angle. Anterior margin obliquely rounded. Posterior margin caudate in RV and subcaudate in LV. Dorsal margin somewhat conveX in LV and subrectilinear in RV. Ventral margin with conspicuous oral concavity. Surface covered with reticulate ornament with the peripheral fossae secondarily gently punctate. A delicate ridge, which starts at the ventral end, runs parallel to the anterior margin, crosses the well-developed eye tubercle, and becomes more slender along the dorsal margin. An ear-shaped ridge starts around the central area and ascends to its heaviest width in front at the posterior cardinal angle. From there it descends as a short stretch and turns forward and then disappears near the midlength. This ear-shaped ridge gives rise to a posterodorsal protrusion more developed in RV. Normal porecanals sieve-type. In dorsal view acuminate anteriorly, maXimum width posteriorly. In internal view, hinge robustly developed, hemiamphidont, the posterior terminal element of the RV being a dentate bar with 6-7 small teeth and a smooth distal area. Calcified inner lamella well-developed with narrow vestibulae at each end. Radial pore-canals numerous, straight, mostly simple with some intercalated branching ones. Selvage conspicuous and parallel to the outline. Adductor muscle scars a row of four scars, the dorso-median one subdivided. Three frontal scars. SeXual dimorphism conspicuous; male more elongate and less wide, and with a more secondarily reticulate dorsal region.

Berguecythere gen. nov. Type species: Berguecythere insularis sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis. A subquadrate to subrectangular hemicytherid genus with a surface covered by reticulate ornament whose peripheral fossae can be secondarily punctate. An ear-shaped ridge, which starts around the central area, gives rise to a postero-dorsal protrusion. Internally, a very well-developed hemiamphidont hinge, the posterior terminal element of the RV being a dentate bar with 6-7 small teeth and a smooth distal area. Central muscle scars a row of four adductor with the dorso-median one subdivided; three frontal scars. Large duplicature with narrow anterior and posterior vestibular areas. Radial pore-canals numerous, straight, mostly simple with some intercalated branching ones. sp.. sp sp 1 2......1 2 sp ?. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp..1 2 sp ?. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp. nov sp. sp sp. sp sertata. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp sp Propontocypris sp Loxocorniculum Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Paradoxostoma Samples Keijcyoidea Cytherella Neonesidea Triebelina Triebelina Berguecythere insularis Microcythere tricornatum Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. Xestoleberis Xestoleberis 3. sp M 1001-N 1 -------X-----X M 1002-N 1 -------------X M 1003-N 2 X-XXXXXXX-XXX- M 1004-N 2 X-XXXXXXXXX-XX M 1005-N 2 XXXX--X-X---XX M 1008-N 2 --------X----- M 1010-N 2 X-XX-XXXX-XXXX M 1011-N 1 X-------X----X M 1012-N 2 X-XXXXX-X---XX M 1014-N 2 X-X--XXXX---XX M 1017-N 1 -------------X 1 M 1023-N X-----X-XXX-XX M 1025-N 1 X-XX-X-XX-XXXX M 1026-N 1 -----------X-- M 1030-N 1 X-X-XXX-XXXXXX M 1031-N 1 X-XX--X-X---XX M 1032-N 1 X-----X-X-X-XX M 1036-N 1 X-XX---XXXX-XXLiving153-10044-1834171,150215721669Dead (valves)386173686454423,06439456110Total539117311266378194,2142466672179Relative abundance %9.710.023.122.020.111.131.400.3475.90.431.190.111.303.22 Etymology. Berguecythere was named in honor to the Brazilian ostracodologist Cristianini Trescastro Bergue, a particular friend of the authors, in recognition of his precious contributions to the knowledge of fossil and Recent marine ostracodes. Geographical and stratigraphical distribution. At present only in the ASPSP, Equatorial Atlantic., Published as part of Coimbra, João C., Bottezini, Silvia R. & Machado, Cláudia P., 2013, Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic, with emphasis on a new Hemicytheridae genus, pp. 289-301 in Iheringia. Série Zoologia 103 (3) on pages 291-292, DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212013000300012, http://zenodo.org/record/7826611