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The Rubik’s cube is a prototypical combinatorial puzzle that has a large state space with a single goal state. The goal state is unlikely to be retrieved using orders of randomly generated moves, posing unique challenges for machine learning. The proposed work is above to solve the Rubik’s cube with recursion and DeepCubeA, a deep reinforcement learning approach that learns how to solve increasingly difficult states in reverse from the goal state without any specific domain knowledge. DeepCubeA solves 100% of all test patterns, finding a shortest path to the goal state 60.3% of the time. Deep Cube A generalizes to other combinatorial puzzles andis able to solve the 15 puzzle, 24 puzzle, 35 puzzle, 48 puzzle, Lights Out and Sokoban, finding a shortest path in the majority of verifiable cases. These models were trained with 1 4 GPUs and 20 30 CPUs. This varies throughout training as the training is often stopped and started again to make room for other processes. Further our experimentation compares the results of Rubik’s cube solving among both recursion and DeepCubeA and also with the state of art models. Later, we intend to develop a new deep learning model with an application.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although the current TNM staging helps in prognostic stratification, these cancers are known to show heterogeneous behavior within the same stage. A search for other prognostic histopathological factors has been in process. One such factor is tumor budding. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at enumerating tumor budding, stratifying it, and identifying correlation with other the clinicopathological factors. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan. A total of 124 cases were studied. Archived blocks and slides were retrieved, reviewed, and assigned a tumor budding grade on H&E staining. Grade of tumor budding was correlated with various clinical and histopathological parameters for statistically significant association. Results: A total of 124 cases were studied which showed female preponderance (54.8%) in presentation and the most common age group being 61–70years (48%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (83.8%). Lymph node metastasis was observed in 52 cases (42%). The grade of tumor budding was low in 96 cases (77.5%), intermediate in 20 cases (16%), and high in 8 cases (6.5%). Statistically significant association was observed between grade of tumor budding and age, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Tumor budding is an independent prognostic marker for adverse prognosis and predictor of lymph node metastasis. Enumerating tumor budding on routine H&E slide is an inexpensive method of providing additional prognostic factors for better patient management.

Activated carbon/CuFe2O4 composite was made using a hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterise the CuFe2O4/AC composites that were synthesised using the previously mentioned method. Each phase’s existence is confirmed by XRD, and TEM revealed the spherically shaped nanoparticles. The Fe–O, Cu–O, and AC vibration modes in the composite are validated by the infrared spectra. Under 60 min of visible light irradiation, the 10%-CuFe2O4/AC composite, which has a bandgap of 2.19 eV and soft-ferromagnetic characteristics, demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity in decomposing MB (50 ppm, 30 mL) up to 99.5%. Through preservation of its high percentage of dye degradation, the 10%-CuFe2O4/AC composite may be used again. The results of the radical trapping experiments indicate that the primary active species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process are superoxide (O2−) and hydroxyl (OH*). Five cycles of the photocatalyst’s recyclability were investigated, and the results showed that the replicated catalysts showed very little rate variations. An effective photocatalyst for the breakdown of wastewater dye is CuFe2O4/AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method successfully and analyzed using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analysis etc. The UV‐Vis studies confirmed the absorption values of CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 at 359 and 365 nm respectively and the obtained FT‐IR peaks at 569 and 538 cm−1 revealed the presence of metal‐oxygen bonds successfully. The crystalline size was found to be 21.46 and 40.35 nm. In SEM analysis, CoZnO2 showed the densified un‐uniform particles whereas SnO2 doped CoZnO2 NCs seemed to be bunch of particles combined together. The synthesized NCs have proved the photocatalytic property by confirming the degradation efficiency of 72.22 and 82.22 % against methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation as natural source at the time interval of 120 mins. It is revealed by the enhancement in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by changing the parameters and the efficiency percentage of 89.46 and 94.52 % at 18 and 16 mins respectively. The adsorption study was carried out by changing different concentrations of targeted pesticide like glyphosate and the percentage (%) efficiency was calculated to be 90.90, 83.53, 78.49 %, and 91.02, 88.23, 80.64 % for CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 effectively. The high inhibition against DPPH was found to be 42.7 and 53.7 % at 500 μg mL−1 and the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 22 mm against to 240 μg mL−1 of E. coli. Therefore, the current study proposed that the CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 have good capability for bio‐chemical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used zinc/iron acetate (as a precursor) and a carboxylic variant of activated carbon (as a matrix) to create nanostructured zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4). Carboxylic derivative (AC–COOH) of activated carbon was obtained by nitric acid oxidation. Then, enhanced activated carbon's surface was impregnated with ZnFe2O4. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a size range of 25–35 nm and a surface area of 165.8 m2g−1 were proven to have been achieved after the ZnFe2O4 nanostructure was characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV, PL, BET, and XPS. Using the same testing circumstances, the optimized photocatalyst with 10 wt.% ZnFe2O4 inserted AC demonstrated the best degrading efficeicny to methylene blue (99%) and Reactive red (94%). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood hypothesis, which states that the dye concentration is a first-order function of time, was validated by kinetic investigations. The photocatalyst was shown to be stable after 7 cycles of recycling under optimal circumstances in a study of the reusability of a 10-ZnFe2O4/AC photocatalyst. In addition, PL, TRPL, EIS, and transient-photocurrent response all provide strong evidence for the efficient charge separation in ZnFe2O4/AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leucorrhoea or vaginal discharge is one of the very common problem or complaint among female of reproductive age group (15-45) attending to Gynecology and Venereology outpatient department and it is associated with STI/HIV and adverse birth out comes. Objective of the study was isolation identification and to assess the frequency of occurrence of various microbial agents. Materials and Methods: Between July 2023 to December 2023, 125 sexually active women (15-45) age were enrolled from two reproductive health clinics (Gynecology and Venereology) in Government General Hospital, Guntur. The women underwent an interview followed by physical examination. Vaginal swabs are taken and processed for confirmatory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis, trichomonal vaginitis and candidal vulvo vaginitis. Results: Among the study group of 125 women, majority of women belongs to urban area (70.4%), low socio-economic group 66.4%, illiterates 62.4% and 21-30 years of age (27%). Among the study group 30.4% were having bacterial vaginosis, 22.4% have vulvo vaginal candidiasis, and 10.4% have vaginal trichomoniasis. Conclusion: Microbial infections of lower genital tract are very common in sexually active women in reproductive age group. Nonspecific vaginosis mostly associated with Gardenella vaginosis, specific vaginosis with Trichomonas vaginosis, candiasis are very frequent. These infections in pregnancy cause adverse birth outcomes. Early and proper diagnosis and timely treatment of infected women including sexual partners is essential in cases of vaginal infections which requires laboratory assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetoelectric one-dimensional Ba2Zn2Fe12O22–PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 core–shell nanofibers for magnetic field sensor applications have been fabricated by using the sol–gel electrospinning technique. Their structural, functional, morphological, compositional, magnetic, dielectric, ferroelectric, and leakage current characteristics were extensively investigated at room temperature. In addition, their magnetoelectric and magnetodielectric properties were analyzed. The ability of the core–shell nanofibers to detect low-strength AC and DC magnetic fields was demonstrated by measuring the magnetoelectric voltage induced by the magnetic field. Additionally, the sensitivity of AC/DC field sensors, the linearity, accuracy, and hysteresis are discussed. The nanofibers exhibit a sensitivity of 730 V/T for the AC magnetic field and 650 V/T for the DC magnetic field at a resonance frequency of 8.3 kHz. The limit of detection and resolution of the AC and DC magnetic field sensors are also calculated and reported. As demonstrated through the experimental results, the Ba2Zn2Fe12O22–PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 core–shell nanofibers are effective in detecting the DC and AC magnetic fields in millitesla and microtesla ranges at room temperature, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]