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ObjectivesInformed by a social-ecological framework, this study nested undocumented students' individual mental health needs within micro-level campus factors and the macro-level immigration policy context to examine how these are associated with undocumented Latina/o/x college students' use of on-campus mental health services.MethodA large-scale survey was administered to 1,277 undocumented college students attending 4-year public universities in California. Only Latina/o/x respondents were included in this study (N = 1,181). Fifty percent of students attended a UC system (n = 589). On average, students were 21.84 years old (SE = .15), and most were women (75.3%, n = 890).ResultsGreater level of mental health symptoms and perceived mental health need, and greater use of campus-wide resources and undocumented student services predicted greater likelihood of using on-campus mental health services. Greater perceptions of social exclusion due to the immigration policy context predicted lower use of mental health services.ConclusionsResults indicate that a greater use of resources and an inclusive campus environment, as well as efforts to minimize policy-related feelings of social exclusion, may facilitate undocumented students' professional mental health help-seeking. These findings emphasize the need to take multiple and multi-level ecological factors into account when considering mental health service use, particularly in the case of undocumented immigrants and likely other structurally marginalized groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Athletes face unique mental health stressors, including internal/external pressure, time displacement, and physical injury. In addition, athletes who experience mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety reference the role of social factors—specifically stigma—as barriers to mental health. The present study draws on 37 testimonials from The Players' Tribune in which athletes disclosed mental illness. A theoretical thematic analysis pinpointed themes within the testimonials of athletes who elucidated and refuted myths concerning mental health in sport. Through disclosure, the athletes challenged stigma by protesting myths that discourage help-seeking behavior in sport. The analysis identified six themes in the myths concerning (a) professional success, (b) strength, (c) identity, (d) the sports story treatment of mental health, (e) sport as escape, and (f) isolation. Implications are discussed in relation to changing social norms in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous editorials claim the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted vulnerable populations, particularly those affected by HIV, these claims have received limited empirical evaluation. We analyzed posts to Reddit's r/HIVAIDS from January 3, 2012 through April 30, 2022 to (a) assess changes in the volume of posts during the pandemic and (b) determine the needs of HIV affected communities. There were cumulatively 100% (95%CI: 75-126) more posts than expected since the US declared a pandemic emergency. The most prevalent themes in these posts were for obtaining an HIV + diagnosis (representing 34% (95%CI:29-40) of all posts), seeking HIV treatment (20%; 95%CI:16-25), finding psychosocial support (16%; 95%CI:12-20), and tracking disease progression (8%; 95%CI:5-11). Discussions about PrEP and PEP were the least common, representing less than 6% of all posts each. Social media has increasingly become an important health resource for vulnerable populations seeking information, advice, and support. Public health organizations should recognize how the lay public uses social media and collaborate with social media companies to ensure that the needs of help-seekers on these platforms are met.

Background: In Australia and internationally, it is men who predominately die by suicide. Men are less likely than women to seek help for their mental health difficulties and this may contribute to their higher suicide rates. We created a 4-minute music video encouraging Australian men to seek help for mental health difficulties (Boys Do Cry). We aimed to assess in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) whether the Boys Do Cry video increased men's intentions to seek help for mental health difficulties from baseline (T1) to post-intervention (1 week = T2). Methods: We conducted an online single-blind, two-arm RCT comparing the effects of Boys Do Cry against a control video. Analyses were undertaken on an intent-to-treat basis using linear mixed effects models with variables for trial arm, occasion of measurement and their interaction. Intervention effectiveness was assessed by comparing the mean difference between arms in change of the total score on the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) from T1 to T2. Results: 476 participants were randomised (intervention = 243; control = 233). At T1, GHSQ means were similar (intervention = 45.28; control = 45.70). After viewing the videos, GHSQ means increased in both arms (intervention = 47.33; control = 46.59), with no evidence of a difference in scores at T2 (modelled mean difference = 0.62, 95% CI -1.11 to 2.35, p = 0.485). Similar results were observed for all secondary outcomes. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Boys Do Cry demonstrated some evidence of a positive effect on help-seeking intentions among Australian men; however, so too did the control video, and no significant difference was observed. Trial registration: ANZCTR No. 2,621,001,008,819. Registered 30 July 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSexual violence (SV) is a public health crisis that disproportionately impacts minoritized communities. SV is prominently associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related health outcomes. Access to early psychosocial intervention may be effective for reducing the long-term health consequences. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are uniquely positioned to address the immediate health and support needs of survivors of SV. However, significant barriers exist to CBO service engagement. Engaging individuals with lived experience offers unique insight to improving access and experiences with CBOs. In this qualitative descriptive study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors of SV (n = 20) to understand their experiences with CBOs to develop recommendations for improving support services. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis methods. Results fell into three themes encompassing prominent and salient ideas shared across and within interviews: Survivor-Centered Services, emphasizing the importance of centering survivor autonomy in services; Expanded Organizational Outreach, discussing how CBOs may meaningfully increase trust and engagement; and Enhanced Organizational Service Offerings, illustrating needs related to finances and housing, among other social determinants. Findings emphasized the importance of CBOs in promoting the health and wellbeing of SV survivors and highlighted opportunities for improvement related to access to, and quality of, support services offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feedback‐seeking behavior has been found to have positive impacts on nurses' mental health. However, we still lack knowledge on how and under what conditions feedback‐seeking behavior can enhance nurses' work engagement and task performance on a weekly basis. Based on weak ties theory and information processing theory, this study aimed to investigate the positive relationship between weekly feedback‐seeking behavior, nurses' work engagement, and task performance. In addition, we explored the moderating roles of contacts' closeness and contacts' functional background diversity. Using a 4‐week survey with 368 nurses (totaling 1472 observations), we generally confirmed our hypotheses. The results of the multilevel regression analysis revealed that the positive relationship between weekly feedback‐seeking behavior and work engagement was stronger for those who had higher levels of contacts' functional background diversity and that the positive relationship between weekly feedback‐seeking behavior and task performance was stronger for those who had lower levels of contacts' closeness. In summary, taking a network characteristic perspective, we highlight that contacts' closeness and functional background diversity can significantly influence the nurses' feedback‐seeking process on a weekly basis. These findings enhance our understanding of how feedback‐seeking behavior can be leveraged to promote positive work outcomes for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores how interpersonal communication environments (eg family, patient-provider, and online communication environments) affect college students' mental help-seeking during COVID-19. Methods: Based on Social Cognitive Theory, we conducted a cross-sectional survey assessing participants' mental help-seeking attitudes, self-stigma, self-efficacy, and readiness, as well as their communication experiences with their families, healthcare providers, and online environments. Four hundred fifty-six student participants were recruited. Structural equation modeling was used to explore relationships among the assessed variables. Results: About one-third of the participants (N = 137) had signs of mental distress, and most of them (N = 71) did not intend to seek help soon. Patient-centered communication experiences with healthcare providers were associated with reduced help-seeking stigma, whereas online and family communication predicted help-seeking readiness through changes in attitude, self-stigma, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: This study's results help identify risk factors of help-seeking reluctance. It suggests that communicative environments affect help-seeking by influencing individual predictors. This study may inform interventions targeting college students' use of mental health services during health crises like COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College students' beliefs and attitudes concerning concussion, and masculinity norms, were examined in relation to stigma and willingness to seek treatment for possible concussion. Beliefs were measured using a revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). Participants: Participants were 631 undergraduates at a Northeastern university, most of whom were nonathletes with no concussion. Methods: Data were collected online. Regression analysis were performed to identify predictors of stigma and treatment willingness. Results: Beliefs that concussion symptoms reflect malingering, are controllable, and have psychological causes were related to more stigmatizing attitudes, as was endorsement of masculinity norms regarding winning and risk-taking. Believing that concussion symptoms are long-lasting and endorsing competitiveness, pain discounting, and self-reliance predicted willingness to seek treatment. Preliminary structural models showed adequate fit. Conclusions: In addition to beliefs assessed by the IPQ, traditional conceptions of masculinity warrant greater attention in the study of concussion-related stigma and willingness to seek treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess athletic trainers' (ATs) perceptions regarding the importance of athletes' beliefs and athletic department stakeholders in facilitating help-seeking for mental health (MH) care. Participants: 534 ATs within collegiate athletic departments (Mage = 35.50 years; 64.2% women; 87.3% White). Methods: ATs were asked to indicate the extent to which they believed 10 student-athlete beliefs about MH (e.g. confidence MH treatments work) and 10 stakeholders (e.g. teammate) would facilitate student-athletes' help-seeking for MH care (1, Strongly Disagree, to 5, Strongly Agree). Results: We conducted separate two-way mixed design ANOVAs, one for each set of 10beliefs and 10 stakeholders; each was significant (p's <.002). The ATs perceived confidentiality as the most facilitative belief and viewed ATs as the most facilitative stakeholder. Conclusions: ATs differentiate among student-athletes' beliefs and stakeholders on how facilitative each might be in help-seeking, suggesting pathways for improving MH climate within athletic departments through education and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Explores racial differences of sexual violence-(SV) health service-(HS) outcomes among college women: (1) seeking support from a confidential-resource-(CR) and (2) reporting SV to the Title IX office. Participants: Data was collected from all ages of women (N = 583) and grade levels from one-large university on the Pacific-coast. Methods: Logistic-regression of HS outcomes were performed using the Fall 2016 American College Health Association-NCHA-II-survey. Results: The following variables increased the likelihood of women seeking support from the two health-services: (#1CR) relationship-status, race, and experiencing sexual-violence. WOC were 7x more likely to seek support if physically-assaulted, and WW were 3.9x more likely to seek support if a graduate student. (#2Title IX) year in school, physical-assault, and receiving prevention-education after the first-year in college. Overall, there were significant differences by race in the variables that influenced WW and WOC's comfort or likelihood to seek support. Conclusion: Colleges need to consider the disproportionate impact of SV on WOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of sexual and gender‐based violence (SGBV) among female college students, identify factors influencing intention to seek professional help among SGBV survivors, and compare help‐seeking determinants among survivors based on their prior utilization of healthcare services. Design: A cross‐sectional online survey was employed among female students aged 18–24 years from two universities in Eswatini. Measurements and Sample: A total of 271 female college students were recruited to assess SGBV experience, attitudes, social norms, perceived control, help‐seeking intention, and other factors not originally included in the theory of planned behavior. Data analyses utilized descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and multiple regression methods. Results: Among the participants, 73.1% reported experiencing one or more forms of SGBV, while only 43.4% sought professional help through health services. Help‐seeking intentions of survivors were significantly associated with positive attitudes, subjective norms, and marital status, collectively explaining 66% of the variance. In subgroup analyses, the subjective norm and attitude emerged as the most robust predictors of help‐seeking intentions. Conclusion: The results revealed a high prevalence of SGBV and a concerning trend of low help‐seeking behavior, with attitudes and subjective norms emerging as the most influential factors shaping intention. These results provide valuable insights for designing theory‐driven and culturally sensitive public health nursing interventions and educational programs aimed at effectively supporting SGBV survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWe examined how suicide is discussed online in chat counseling services for youth. The data included 4,340 chat conversations between young service users and adult counselors. Conversations using the word suicide (n = 558; 12.9%) were filtered, and conversations by 31 boys and 31 girls aged 15–29 years were selected for in-depth analyses; of these conversations 24 depicted previous suicide attempts and 15 suicide plans. Common reasons discussed were prolonged mental health challenges and fragmented relationships. Our results showed that young people seek help for suicidal behavior online; thus, professionalism and careful ethical consideration are needed when providing chat services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stigma toward accessing mental health support services exists in military culture. One of the next steps in this line of research is gaining a better understanding of the barriers or reasons behind why service members can be reluctant to seek counseling. We recruited a national sample (N = 516) of service members to test the dimensionality of scores on the Revised Fit, Stigma, and Value (RFSV) Scale for measuring barriers to seeking counseling. Results demonstrated that the meaning of RFSV scores was invariant by help‐seeking history (past attendance in counseling) and by mental health diagnosis. After establishing adequate construct validity evidence of scores, we found that the Value barrier was a significant predictor of one or more peer‐to‐peer referrals to counseling among service members. Additionally, demographic differences in the Value and Stigma barriers emerged by help‐seeking history and active duty status, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health personnel may seek chaplain support to discuss stressors related to complex patient cases, difficult team dynamics, and personal issues. In this survey study of 1376 healthcare interprofessional clinicians, participants reported interacting with chaplains most frequently over patient-related stressors in the prior 12 months. Factors associated with chaplain interactions to discuss all three stressors included: reporting chaplains provide spiritual support to health personnel, more years of service, seeking professional help to deal with stressors, and higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. Being a registered nurse (RN) and working in a critical care specialty were associated with increased odds of interactions with a chaplain to discuss patient-related stressors while identifying as Catholic or Protestant was associated with chaplain interactions to discuss team-related and personal stressors. Chaplains should tailor interventions to promote health personnel's spiritual well-being based on patient-related, team-related, and personal stressors. Healthcare institutions which do not employ chaplains should advocate for this resource. Leaders in healthcare settings with chaplains should promote increased staff awareness that chaplains are available to support wellbeing by discussing patient, team, or personal stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though sexual violence can impact people across genders, sexual orientations, ages, and incomes, societal inequities can increase the risk of experiencing sexual violence. Such inequities are often intersectional in nature (e.g., racism and sexism) and may impact a person's ability to engage in help-seeking for experiences of sexual violence, especially among those who perceive themselves to be a burden on others or society as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between experiencing sexual violence, intersectional oppression, and perceived burdensomeness on barriers to help-seeking among Black American young adults. Participants (n = 289) completed an online questionnaire assessing constructs of interest. We found that half of our sample experienced any sexual violence and nearly three-fourths experienced more than one form of intersectional oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, and homophobia). Ultimately, we found that sexual violence and perceived burdensomeness – but not intersectional oppression – were correlates of experiencing barriers to help-seeking. Through incorporating multiple marginalized identities beyond Black race, our findings can expand our understanding of barriers to help-seeking among diverse Black sexual violence survivors, while revealing a new area for practitioners, healthcare providers, social workers, and related professionals to focus intervention strategies on: perceived burdensomeness. These findings are relevant to all who care for the health and well-being of those who have experienced sexual violence, chronic stress (due to singular and multiple forms of discrimination), and/or other traumas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older migrants face special difficulties in the access and use of long-term care services and supports (LTSS). Our study was designed to examine how older persons with limited English proficiency (LEP) in two groups of migrants (Spanish or Chinese speaking) interact with the LTSS system. Focus groups were used to elicit information from members of these groups. We discovered Chinese elders were likely to believe that the LTSS services could, if managed properly, meet their needs, while the Spanish speakers were more skeptical. These differences were associated with the presence of trusted intermediaries among the Chinese elders who could represent their interests, while most Spanish speakers did not report having such intermediaries. In this way, trust, or lack of it, was uncovered as the key element defining older adults' interactions with the formal health and social service systems. Findings will be used to develop a modeling method that will allow us to analyze results in a manner that can be extended to use with other migrant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Older adults are the least likely age group to seek mental health services. However, few studies have explored a comprehensive range of sociodemographic, psychological, and social barriers and facilitators to seeking treatment in later life. Methods: A cross-sectional, national sample of Canadian older adults (55+, N = 2,745) completed an online survey including reliable and valid measures of predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, based on Andersen's behavioral model of health, as well as self-reported use of mental health services. Univariate and hierarchical logistic regressions predicted past 5-year mental health service use. Results: Mental health service use was most strongly and consistently associated with greater perceived need (OR = 11.48) and mental health literacy (OR = 2.16). Less self-stigma of seeking help (OR =.65) and greater neuroticism (OR = 1.57) also predicted help-seeking in our final model, although their effects were not as strong or consistent across gender, marital status, and age subgroups. Conclusions: The need category was crucial to seeking help, but predisposing psychological factors were also significant barriers to treatment. Clinical Implications: Interventions that target older adults high in neuroticism by improving perceptions of need for treatment, mental health literacy, and self-stigma of seeking help may be particularly effective ways of improving access to mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People hesitate to seek help when they perceive the cost of helping as high. In general, help‐seekers overestimate the cost of helping because of errors in perspective‐taking. We examined whether three processes of mental simulation (recalling an experience of providing help, of rejecting a request for help, and of sensing the empathy gap) would decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Participants underwent one of the simulations or no simulation (control condition), read two scenarios that described helping and help‐seeking, and rated the perceived cost of helping in the scenarios. Contrary to the prediction, simulations did not decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Recalling an experience of rejecting requests also increased the perceived cost of helping in unemployment scenarios. The post hoc analysis for controlling the depressive mood in depression scenarios showed that the cost of helping from the helper's perspective decreased, whereas that from the help‐seekers remained the same under the empathy‐gap simulation condition. These results suggest that realizing the asymmetry between helpers and help‐seekers may be counterproductive in help‐seeking and widen the empathy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: One approach for improving oral health is focusing on oral health literacy (OHL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between OHL and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to identify relevant OHL intervention targets that can be used to improve oral health. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional questionnaire study among 1889 10th grade female students in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We then assessed OHL using the Arabic version of the short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (A‐HeLD‐14). OHRQoL was assessed using the 14‐item oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14). Information on socio‐demographics and oral health‐related behaviours (e.g., toothbrushing, sugary diet consumption and dental attendance) was also collected. The relationship between OHL and OHRQoL was investigated using binary logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic information and oral health‐related behaviours. Results: In both the adjusted and unadjusted models, poor OHL was significantly associated with OHRQoL problems (odds ration [OR] = 2.90, p < 0.001). Having any OHL problem was significantly associated with having an OHRQoL problem (p < 0.001). The ORs were highest for the domains of financial barriers (OR = 2.49, p < 0.001) and receptivity (OR = 2.16, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Interventions targeted at individuals with low OHL are crucial to improving OHRQoL in the population. The most relevant interventions concern (a) dedicating time and attention to oral health and (b) financial barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the prevalence of women attending gynecological consultations who wish to discuss weight issues, barriers preventing physicians from addressing obesity, and differences in perceptions between patients and physicians. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 at the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher in São Bernardo do Campo, including 404 female patients (median age: 47.5 years) and 140 gynecologists. Most patients were obese, with class I obesity being the most common (58 percent). Among obese participants, 46.4 percent reported chronic hypertension, and 12.7 percent had type 2 diabetes. Nearly 90 percent of women supported discussing weight during consultations, and 80 percent recognized the benefits of modest weight loss. Physicians (average consultation time: 30 minutes) addressed weight regularly (75 percent) but cited insufficient time (55.7 percent) and inadequate training (40 percent) as barriers. While 67 percent of patients felt motivated to lose weight, 77.8 percent of physicians believed their patients lacked motivation. Both groups largely rejected pharmacological and surgical treatments. Most women viewed weight loss as their personal responsibility, while fewer than half of physicians agreed. These findings highlight gaps in communication and differing perceptions, emphasizing the need for educational interventions to enhance physician-patient interactions and integrate weight management into routine gynecological care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Understanding the factors that contribute to treatment-seeking attitudes among older adults—a growing population with frequent mental health concerns—is vital. Although past research has identified some demographic and belief-based predictors of mental health treatment attitudes among this population, previous studies are limited by only evaluating these variables in isolation and not distinguishing between different types of treatment (e.g. medication and psychotherapy). Methods: In a pre-registered online survey of 606 older adults (age 60 years and older), we evaluated stigmatizing attitudes, etiological beliefs about depression, psychological symptoms, and health literacy as well as attitudes about psychotherapy and medication separately. Results: Pre-registered linear regression analyses showed that greater stigmatizing attitudes uniquely predicted more negative attitudes for both therapy and medication treatment seeking over and above gender, education, income, extrinsic barriers, health literacy, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, loneliness was a significant predictor of less favorable medication attitudes. Exploratory analysis revealed that attributing depression to a chemical imbalance predicted positive attitudes about medication, but not psychotherapy. Conclusion: These findings indicate that older adults' treatment-seeking behaviors are separately influenced by stigma, etiological beliefs, and loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Military service is historically a male-dominated occupation, as such, the majority of research examining the development of mental disorder in Australian Defence Force members has had primarily male samples. While there have been mixed findings internationally regarding sex differences in rates of mental disorder and subthreshold symptoms among military personnel, across studies, the evidence tends to suggest that female military members are at least as likely as males to experience subthreshold mental health symptoms and have similar or higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder despite the differences in roles during service. What is less understood is the impact of sex differences in symptom emergence over time and in predictors of clinical disorder. Method: The sample included a longitudinal cohort of Australian Defence Force members (N = 8497) surveyed at Time 1 (2010) and followed up at Time 2 (2015) on measures of anger, self-perceived resilience, trauma exposure, deployment exposure, suicidality, help-seeking, relationship satisfaction and mental health disorder symptoms. Outcomes included Subthreshold Disorder (above the optimal screening cut-off on the 10-item Kessler distress scale or posttraumatic stress disorder checklist) and Probable Disorder (above the epidemiological cut-off on the 10-item Kessler distress scale or posttraumatic stress disorder checklist). Results: Results found that while lifetime trauma exposure remained the strongest predictor of later probable disorder emergence among both males and females, for females specifically, self-reported resilience was also a significant protective factor. In contrast, being in a significant relationship at Time 1 was a protective factor against the development of subthreshold disorder in males. Conclusion: For the first time, sex differences in mental health symptom emergence over time have been explored in a large Australian cohort of military members. The capacity to adapt and bounce back after adversity emerged as a proactive factor against poor mental health for females in the military and could be addressed as part of routine skills training. Social support from significant relationship was particularly important for males' mental health, suggesting that maintaining positive relationships and supporting military spouses and partners are critical for males' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Online self-assessments are becoming more popular. They can serve as a screening tool for specific conditions or assess mental health more broadly but often lack in depth evaluation. Methods: This study presents preliminary data from an online self-assessment tool for young people within the age range of 12–30 years (Link: redcap.hmri.org.au/surveys/?s = MK7RCELJ79). It covers key symptoms of mood and psychotic disorders and risk factors, such as eating issues, substance use, suicidality, and deliberate self-harming behaviours. Participants self-assessed their level of functioning, access to ongoing interventions, and satisfaction with the help received. Based on the severity of mental health problems and the level of risk, different recommendations of how to seek help were provided. Results: Out of 303, 114 participants gave permission to analyse their data. A high-risk profile was defined by anxiety symptoms, panic attacks, suicidal ideation, and urges to self-harm. These individuals were more likely to report psychotic or depression symptoms, recreational substance use and low day-to-day functioning. Ongoing treatment and the satisfaction with it were not determined by the severity of symptoms. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that the online self-assessment tool reaches the intended young audience, particularly those with some degree of mental health problems. Plain language summary: Online self-assessments are becoming more popular particularly with young people. They can serve as a screening tool to assess mental health. We developed a new online self-assessment tool for young people 12 to 30 years of age (Link: redcap.hmri.org.au/surveys/?s=MK7RCELJ79). It covers key symptoms of mood and psychotic disorders and risk factors, such as eating issues, substance use, suicidality, and deliberate self-harming behaviours. The tool also asks for a self-assessment of their level of functioning, their access to professional help, and their satisfaction with the help received. The assessment concludes with recommendations how to seek help dependent on the severity of their mental health problems and level of risk. We had 303 young people visiting the tool and 114 gave permission to analyse their data. Young people with anxiety symptoms, panic attacks, suicidal ideation, and urges to self-harm were considered at high risk. They more likely to report psychotic or depression symptoms and recreational substance use and low day-to-day functioning. Ongoing treatment and the satisfaction with it were not determined by the severity of mental health problems. These preliminary results suggest that the online self-assessment tool reaches the intended young audience, particularly those with mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midwives should provide family-centred care that extends to the partner, but evidence shows that feelings of exclusion, disempowerment and a perpetuation of unhelpful gender stereotypes are often experienced by partners. Despite this, there is limited research surrounding masculinities and maternity services. This reflection explores how engaging with a men's health charity challenged my perceptions on the role between masculinities and maternity services. Two analyses will be outlined, first exploring the reductive views of masculinities common in societal discourse, and second how maternity service provision interacts with these. This reflection interrogates approaches to practice through a lens that views toxic tropes of masculinities as products of societal conditions in order to explore the possibility of engaging with these in midwifery practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral care–related challenges are well documented in the autistic community. This review examined interventions designed to improve oral health in autistic individuals across the lifespan. Through a systematic process, 36 studies were identified which focused on improving home-based oral care skills and routines, and reducing fear, anxiety, and/or negative behaviors in the dental clinic. Studies incorporated preparatory interventions to support home-based hygiene activities or improve an approaching dental encounter (n = 29), most often using visual aids, and/or strategies to manage behavioral difficulties exhibited in the dental office (n = 17). Some studies used both approaches (n = 10), combining visual aids prior to a visit with behavior management in the dental office. Using an evidence-based rubric, methodological quality of most articles was only "adequate" (n = 8) or "weak" (n = 23). Findings provide preliminary support for preparatory home-based visual interventions to improve toothbrushing and/or ready patients for dental visits, and distraction or sensory-reducing interventions to improve experiences in the dental clinic. Only one study purposefully recruited autistic adults and no studies included intervention elements tailored to race/ethnicity, culture, and/or socioeconomic status. This review highlights the need for high-quality studies investigating the impact of oral care–related interventions for autistic individuals and identifies a gap in interventions for autistic adults and those from minoritized populations. Oral care–related challenges are well documented in the autistic community; dental care remains one of the most prevalent unmet health needs among autistic individuals. This review examined interventions designed to improve oral health in autistic individuals from children and adult populations. Through a systematic process, 36 studies were identified. These studies focused on improving home-based oral care skills and routines and reducing fear, anxiety, and/or negative behaviors in the dental clinic. Studies incorporated different types of techniques for facilitating oral care practice, including preparatory interventions to support home-based hygiene activities or improve an approaching dental encounter (n = 29), most often using visual aids, and/or strategies to manage behavioral difficulties exhibited in the dental office (n = 17). Some studies used both approaches (n = 10), combining visual aids prior to a visit with behavior management. Using an evidence-based rubric, we reviewed the methodological quality of the studies and found that most were only "adequate" (n = 8) or "weak" (n = 23) in reporting their evidence. This review has two key findings: (1) there is support for preparatory home-based visual interventions to improve toothbrushing and/or ready patients for dental visits; and (2) distraction or sensory-reducing interventions may also improve experiences in the dental clinic. Only one study purposefully recruited autistic adults, and no studies included intervention elements tailored to race/ethnicity, culture, and/or socioeconomic status. This review highlights the need for more studies investigating the impact of oral care–related interventions for autistic individuals of all ages and identifies a gap in interventions for autistic adults and those from minoritized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Health and well-being have long been identified as key issues for investigation within agricultural communities. While myriad studies have been conducted to investigate causation, impact, outcomes and interventions among farming populations, the overall emphasis has been disproportionately weighted away from the experiences of women. This systematic scoping review determines the prevalence of topics, identifies the target populations and geographical locations of studies, outlines methodological approaches to the subject area, and summarizes the key findings and conclusions of the available literature. Methods: With the guidance of the Arksey and O'Malley framework for conducting a scoping review, a single database search for publications focusing on the health and well-being of women in farming (including primary farmers, members of farm households, and farmworkers), in the Global North, published between 1990 and 2023, was conducted. Data were organized, thematically coded, critically appraised and analyzed using the systematic review online tool CADIMA. Results: In total, 93 studies met the inclusion criteria for full review. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States, with the number of publications steadily increasing since the 1990s. Of studies, 68% were wholly quantitative in nature, and 23% wholly qualitative. Key findings suggest women are at particular risk from certain illnesses associated with some aspects of agricultural work and face a number of stressors (including gender-specific issues) that can lower well-being, but evidence is scarce in a number of areas. Clear gaps in research exist in relation to reproductive health, caring responsibilities, or help-seeking and support. Women primary farmer and farmworkers are particularly neglected as study cohorts. Conclusion: Numbers of studies related to the health and well-being of women in farming are still relatively small in comparison with the wider body of related literature, and there exists an obvious need for further studies with a specific emphasis on particular cohorts, issues pertaining to the contemporary climate, and issues specific to women, as well as greater geographical reach. By emphasizing such research gaps, opportunities exist to improve the health and well-being situation of women in agriculture through more explicit studies with the intention of developing more effective, targeted solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Librarians interviewed 15 graduate business students to understand their information-seeking behavior. Google emerged as the primary research tool, though students encountered paywalls and credibility concerns. Their research skills were shaped by prior work experience, and the depth of research expertise varied according to their bachelor's degrees. Students were more likely to seek assistance from classmates and professors than librarians. Faculty guidance and database usage varied significantly, impacting students' use of library databases. Student's ability to interpret financial and economic data was a significant issue. This study underscores the need for increased library instruction and promotion of specialized business databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xylazine is in 99% of the fentanyl supply in Philadelphia, PA and is on the rise throughout the United States. Perspectives about this emerging crisis among people who use opioids (PWUO) and harm reduction workers are lacking. Methods: We conducted focus groups with PWUO and harm reduction workers in Philadelphia, PA. Discussions focused on xylazine's impact on PWUO. Transcripts were coded for thematic analysis. Results: Themes across focus groups included xylazine withdrawal, wounds, safety concerns, and overdose response implications. Participants emphasized extreme xylazine withdrawal and the difficulty of withdrawal management. Groups explored potential roles of first responders in addressing xylazine-related wounds. PWUO were receptive to receiving help, but many harm reduction workers expressed reservations about partnering with police. Discussion: Results underscore the impact of xylazine withdrawal on PWUO. Emerging information on withdrawal management should be shared among care providers to identify optimal protocols. Safety-planning with PWUO should be explored, but structural interventions are imperative. While there may be a role for first responders in delivering harm reduction interventions, it is important to recognize historical harms by first responders against PWUO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One in five pregnant and postpartum individuals experience an anxiety, depressive, and/or trauma-related disorder. Emotion dysregulation (ED) underlies the development and maintenance of various mental health disorders. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is the most comprehensive and commonly used measure of emotion dysregulation, yet limited evidence supports its use in the perinatal population. The present study aims to evaluate the validity of the DERS and its six subscales in a perinatal sample and to assess its predictive utility in identifying perinatal individuals with a disorder characterised by emotion dysregulation. Methods: Pregnant and postpartum individuals (N = 237) completed a diagnostic clinical interview and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. Results: The DERS subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity, as it strongly correlated with measures of anxiety and depression and failed to correlate with a measure of perceived social support. Results from an exploratory factor analysis supported a 6-factor solution, suggesting structural validity. An ROC analysis revealed good to excellent discriminative ability for the DERS full scale and four of the subscales. Finally, an optimal clinical cut-off score of 87 or greater was established with a sensitivity of 81% for detecting a current anxiety, depressive, and/or trauma-related disorder. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the validity and clinical utility of the DERS in a treatment-seeking and community sample of pregnant and postpartum individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to understand reported impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on maternal and child health and nutrition behaviours during the first 1000 days of life. This qualitative and participatory substudy was embedded within mixed methods formative research conducted during 2020–2022 across two urban, three rural and one estate sector site in Sri Lanka. Semi‐structured interviews among caregivers of children aged 6–23 months (n = 34), influencers of caregivers, such as health workers (n = 37), leaders (n = 10) and pregnant women (n = 20) were conducted. Participatory workshops (n = 14) triangulated interview findings. Interview data were analyzed to identify salient themes using Dedoose. Numerical data from voting conducted in workshops were summed and triangulated with interview data. Findings suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic and imposed restrictions shaped maternal and child health and nutrition behaviours through a complex interplay of factors. Imposed restrictions and changes to the food system contributed to temporary unemployment for wage workers and reduced purchasing power to maintain food security for vulnerable households. While deciding whether to seek care, fears of infection prevented usual care‐seeking decisions. Also, reduced incomes and disrupted public transportation made transport to health care facilities for antenatal care services difficult. Once women reached facilities, medical services and quality of care were negatively impacted. Implementing expanded community‐based services during home visits focused on the first 1000 days and beyond was one effective strategy to maintain maternal and child health and nutrition during the early pandemic in Sri Lanka. Key messages: The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic, coupled with the consequences of national‐level restrictions put into place during 2020–2021, made usual maternal and child health and nutrition behaviours more challenging during the first 1000 days of life throughout Sri Lanka.The Sri Lankan health system adapted quickly during 2020–2021 to help ensure little disruption to usual services needed during the antenatal period through effective expansion of community‐based health care provided by its existing Public Health Midwifery workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the experiences, expectations and needs of mothers from low‐socioeconomic status at 1 month postpartum. Design: Descriptive qualitative. Methods: Mothers from low‐socioeconomic status and irrespective of their parity were invited to participate in one‐to‐one interviews at 1 month postpartum. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted until data saturation. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Written informed consent was obtained. Results: Twenty mothers participated and six themes were identified: (1) No choice but to find meaning; (2) Father as a major pillar of support; (3) 'Kampung' Spirit; (4) Trials and Tribulations of Transition to Motherhood; (5) Shame, guilt and internalized stigma and (6) Reclaiming the power. Conclusion: This study reflected the unique struggles of mothers from low‐socioeconomic status with pregnancy, childbirth and early postpartum and the wider health inequities within Singapore's maternal health system. To provide much‐needed support and improved care, the stakeholders within government, healthcare providers and social organizations should consider the niche needs of this community. Implications for Patient Care: Nurses need to reflect on their own biases and ensure consistent care delivery regardless of socioeconomic status. When delivering patient education, patient‐centred and sincere advice rooted in personal experience can help to establish rapport. Impact: This study is the first to explore the experiences of mothers from low‐socioeconomic status in the Singapore context. Low‐socioeconomic status mothers experienced less autonomy over their health, the care they received and their childcare options. As mothers adjusted to their new roles, they struggled to cope. However, as they were wary of the stigma surrounding poverty and their guilt of not being a 'good mother', they preferred to seek informal support from their family, friends and self‐help through learning from social media, as compared to formal, external help. Reporting Method: COREQ checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is a pervasive phenomenon in contemporary society. With increased internet use in recent years, more people in the general population are seeking and providing help and participating in community online. The goal of our study was to evaluate the content of internet narratives among those who post about anxiety and determine what stakeholder groups are saying online. We used the bifurcated method; it is a multi-method (qualitative) approach with inductive, thematic analyses, and with quantification of content-related words via a computer program that crawls websites and counts the occurrences of specified terms (for cross-checking purposes). Themes of posts and webpages about anxiety were: using/reporting treatment strategies (83.3% saturation), providing help (77.8% saturation), telling personal stories (72.2% saturation), seeking help (61.1% saturation), and illustrating interpersonal impact (50% saturation). We argue that anxiety stakeholders may take part in health co-inquiry online (i.e., cooperating with others) in many of the same ways that they might collaborate in person. We recommend that clinicians query their clients about use of the internet in ways related to their anxiety (e.g., seeking information/treatment strategies, offering help to others, telling their personal stories, etc.) so that they might help them process what they experience online. SCIENCE AND PRACTICE NOTES: In the COVID-19 era, anxiety has increased in the general population (Shigemura, Ursano, Morganstein, Kurosawa, & Benedek, 2020; Wang et al., 2020). Daily use of the internet in the general population is extensive (Gangamma et al., 2022). Clients in therapy may use the internet in ways that interact with their clinical conditions, e.g., finding information, seeking support, providing others with information, searching/accessing services/treatment. It is vital for therapists to inquire in ways that improve their understanding of their clients' uses of the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support is a critical determinant of military service members' mental and behavioral health outcomes, but few studies have investigated social support types and sources in the mixed family and military social networks in which service members are embedded. We applied multilevel logistic regression modeling to investigate links between active-duty Army Soldiers' individual demographic and military characteristics, relational characteristics, and social support outcomes, in sample of 241 active-duty U.S. Army personnel. Results showed that participants who rated unit cohesion higher were more likely to report receiving informational, emotional, and mental health help-seeking support. Participants were more likely to receive informational, emotional, and help-seeking support from a romantic partner or deployment buddy than a relative and less likely to receive help-seeking support from males than females. Findings highlight the critical importance of both unit level and external relationships in meeting Soldiers' social support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A successful transition from pediatric to adult healthcare for adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients is essential for maintaining graft and overall health. Readiness for transition is multifactorial and can be challenging to assess. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of a scoring system for a transition readiness assessment for pediatric kidney transplant recipients and assess overall and domain-specific readiness for transition. Methods: This is an observational study of adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients over 5 years who were given either the modified Middle (MTRC-m) or modified Late Transition Readiness Checklist (LTRC-m) during post-transplant clinic visits. We developed a scoring system for both checklists and assessed their reliability. Results: The MTRC-m (38 items) demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.84). The LTRC-m (43 items) demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.90). On both the MTRC-m and LTRC-m, patients scored highest on adherence and risky behavior knowledge. Scores were lowest in the "Managing my healthcare needs (self-advocacy)" and "How I feel about myself" domains. Conclusions: A scored transition assessment allows for rapid appraisal of transition readiness within a clinic setting. We find that participants report high levels of knowledge regarding health-seeking behaviors and risky behaviors, endorse less readiness for managing their care independently, and express a moderate to high degree of worry about their future and their health. While transition programs have traditionally, and necessarily, focused on education, our results demonstrate that programs should expand to also focus on behavior performance and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This integrative review aims to analyze and synthesize existing literature to inform our understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of domestic violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a holistic and ecological framework. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) study design, searches were conducted on six databases, yielding a final sample of 58 articles. The study comprehensively overviews North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and worldwide research. The literature reveals an alarming increase in domestic violence victimization during the pandemic in most regions and studies, exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities. The increase in domestic violence during the pandemic is linked to ecological factors such as lower physical and mental health, rising substance use, and financial stress, which heightened individuals' vulnerability. Lockdowns exacerbated these issues by increasing confinement in homes, disrupting support services, and limiting victims' access to help. Barriers to help-seeking and amplified personal and professional stressors at the care level are identified. Advocacy for improved awareness, cooperation, and inclusive national and institutional policies emerges. This study underscores the urgency of empirical research to generate reliable data on the pandemic's impact on domestic violence. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding unique factors affecting specific groups, as well as informing prevention efforts and targeted interventions. Recognizing the mutual benefit of research–practice partnerships is crucial in addressing and preventing domestic violence. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of domestic violence during the pandemic's first year, guiding empirically informed interventions and policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this scoping review was to ascertain the scope and nature of the literature focused on intimate partner violence (IPV) among Afghans across contexts, including Afghanistan. The scoping review adopted a systematic approach to search for, identify, and include peer-reviewed articles published in English. Fifty-two articles were retained in the final analysis, which generated results on IPV prevalence; multi-level risk and protective factors; qualitatively derived contextual factors; associations of IPV with adverse physical and psychological outcomes; IPV-related help-seeking behaviors; programs and interventions; the role of religion; IPV-related policies; and the role of fiction. Findings indicate that past-year physical IPV prevalence ranged from 52% to 56% in Afghanistan and 79.8% among Afghan refugees displaced in Iran. Studies conducted in Afghanistan identified a range of IPV risk factors occurring at the individual (e.g., age and employment), interpersonal/household (e.g., acceptance of IPV and violence perpetrated by in-laws), and societal levels (e.g., conflict/displacement). The findings highlight a rich literature on IPV in Afghanistan and significant gaps in IPV research across the Afghan diaspora and in contexts of displacement and resettlement. The results advance understanding of the drivers of IPV in the diverse Afghan population and highlight context-specific gaps, and needs for intervention and future research. These gaps indicate the importance of conducting research elucidating how risk and protective factors associated with IPV shift in forced migration and resettlement, and an urgent need for the development and testing of services and programs that respond to the specific needs of Afghan women experiencing IPV across contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients receiving palliative care experience stigma associated with their illness, personal identity, and healthcare utilization. These stigmas can occur at any stage of the disease process. Varying stigmas combine to cause palliative care patients to feel misunderstood, contribute to treatment barriers, and further negative stereotypes held by clinicians. Stigma surrounding palliative care patients stems from complex intersections of varied access to resources, familial and physical environment, socioeconomic status, mental health and disorders, and identity characteristics. This article examines the relationship between the stigmatization of mental health and palliative care through three pathways: stigma and barriers existing within healthcare, the tendency of this stigma to undermine social support, and patient deferral of treatment-seeking in response to stigma. Recommendations to address and diminish stigmatization are presented, including advocacy, increased research and assessment, and contextual and intersectional awareness. Clinicians are also encouraged to turn to their colleagues for peer support and team-based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for developing and maintaining good habits for mental health and well-being. This is crucial for future mental health; as most mental health problems emerge during adolescence. Mental health literacy forms the foundation for preventing mental health issues, reducing stigma, and enhancing the effectiveness of help-seeking, particularly among adolescents. Objective: This study aims to measure the effect of social media-based educational intervention on mental health literacy among male high school students in Ramhormoz city. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of a social media-based intervention, designed around the core components of The Guide training package. The study involves all high schools in Ramhormoz city using a stratified random sampling method. A total of 204 students are expected to participate. Measures of mental health literacy and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help are evaluated at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Results: We anticipate a significant improvement in the mental health literacy score of the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention and both follow-ups. Additionally, we expect a substantial enhancement in the attitude towards seeking professional psychological help score for the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up, though not at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study will contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of social media-based interventions in enhancing mental health literacy and attitudes towards seeking professional help among high school students. The results will guide future initiatives in mental health education and promotion. Clinical trials: This study protocol is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the registration number IRCT20230603058372N1, dated June 5, 2023. The study adheres to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines, as outlined in Supplementary File S1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental disorders most likely manifest during adolescence, providing opportunities for schools and professionals to implement standardized mental health literacy (MHL) interventions to support improvement of mental health outcomes. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an MHL intervention (the Guide) on knowledge, stigma, help-seeking and overall mental health among grade 8–9 students. Methods: We developed a longitudinal cohort study to evaluate the Guide among 523 students, delivered across subsequent grade levels within a Catholic school board in Canada. We utilized validated measures to assess mental health knowledge, stigma, help seeking attitudes, and mental health across four time-points: baseline, end of grade 8, beginning of grade 9, and end of grade 9. Teachers undertook training to learn how to administer the intervention, utilize included teaching aids, and collect data. Results: Students demonstrated improvements on knowledge and stigma at all measurement intervals, however statistically significant differences in help-seeking and well-being outcomes were not observed. Discussion: This study suggests the plausibility of longer-term delivery of the Guide and similar resources in enhancing knowledge and reducing stigma among similar youth cohorts. Translation to Health Education Practice: Certified Health Education Specialists may adapt the Guide to accommodate youth mental health needs in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health literacy is a promising approach to meeting the growing behavioral health needs of youth, and schools offer an ideal setting for this work. Purpose: In the introduction to this special issue, we provide an overview of mental health literacy and discuss the connection between mental health literacy and school behavioral health. Methods: Literature on mental health literacy and research on school mental health literacy programs are synthesized, followed by an overview of the six papers included in this issue. Results: The key components of mental health literacy are defined and contextualized alongside the importance of mental health literacy for promoting well-being. A brief history of research on mental health literacy programs is provided, noting the growth in application to school settings. Discussion: Connections between mental health literacy and school behavioral health are discussed, highlighting opportunities for integration with schools' multi-tiered systems of support. Translation to Health Education Practice: This introduction concludes with a discussion of implications for aligning mental health literacy with Health Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence, characterized by a pattern of assault and coercive behavior, poses a significant threat to the safety and well-being of intimate partners, with women being disproportionately affected. In recent times, the issue of domestic violence has become more pronounced among women whose spouses engage in substance abuse. The main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence and its effects among women whose spouses indulge in substance abuse, with the intention of providing an informational booklet. A nonexperimental approach with convenient sampling was employed, and data were collected using the WHO (World Health Organization) questionnaire module including 46 questions. The study was conducted in Narwal, Jammu, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The results revealed a concerning prevalence of domestic violence, with 61% of subjects experiencing moderate violence, additionally, it was noted that a massive number of subjects were not seeking proper help, with only 40% seeking legal help and 20% each seeking help from the police or resorting to physical retaliation against domestic violence. Furthermore, the study found no significant association between women’s education levels and autonomy, as shown by p-values of 0.276 and 0.095 for social support and property ownership, respectively. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and support services to address the complex dynamics of domestic violence among women affected by substance abuse within marital relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandemic-related school and formal childcare closures have increased the demand for informal (i.e., unregulated or unpaid) childcare, including care from nannies, tutors, extended family members, siblings, friends, neighbors, and pandemic pods. Drawing on a novel survey of 1954 U.S. parents, we are the first to examine U.S. parents' use of informal childcare during the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, approximately 60% of US parents received informal support with childcare, mostly from older children and extended family members. The types of informal care that parents used differed by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Among parents employed pre-pandemic and mothers of young children who had a job exit during COVID-19, receiving informal childcare was associated with longer work hours in December 2020. We discuss the implications of these patterns for maternal employment and the roles of grandparents and teens in providing informal care during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fathers experienced high rates of mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social support is crucial to mitigate these problems; however, access to and quality of support were impacted by public health guidelines to increase physical distancing. Online forums offer an avenue for peer connection and support. Yet, minimal research has examined forum use during COVID-19. The objective of the current study was to examine the experiences and support needs of fathers during the pandemic through an exploratory qualitative content analysis of an online social support forum. Posts (N = 299) and comments (N = 2597) on Reddit's sub-forum r/daddit (July and October 2020) were systematically analysed through a Framework Analytic Approach. Findings highlighted five main themes (with subthemes): forum use, family functioning, psychological and health factors, interpersonal functioning, and COVID-19. Findings underscore the critical need for mental health and parenting programs tailored to fathers and informing services to support father and family wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]