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P. De Bievre: Editorial/Introduction to this volume.- P. De Bievre, R. Kaarls, H.S. Peiser, S.D. Rasberry, W.P. Reed: Measurement principles for traceability in chemical analysis.- P. De Bievre: et al.: Protocols for traceability in chemical analysis, Part 1.- P. De Bievre et al.: Protocols for traceability in chemical analysis, Part 2.- R. Dybkaer: Metrological traceability in laboratory medicine.- F. Adams: Traceability and analytical chemistry.- P. De Bievre: Do interlaboratory comparisons provide traceability?.- R. Dybkaer: From total allowable error via metrological traceability to uncertainty of measurement of the unbiased result.- M. Buzoianu: Practical considerations on the traceability to conventional scales.- P. De Bievre: Traceability of (values carried by) reference materials.- A. Williams: What can we learn from traceability in physical measurements?.- W. Richter: How to achieve international comparability for chemical measurements?.- P. De Bievre: The key elements of traceability in chemical measurement: agreed or still under debate?.- B. King: The practical realization of the traceability of chemical measurements standards.- M. Mariassy et al.: Link to the SI via primary direct methods.- A. Zschunke: The role of reference materials.- B. Belanger: The measurement assurance concept in calibration and traceability at NBS/NIST.- I. Kuselman et al.: Lifetime of the traceability chain in chemical measurement.- St. Rasberry: Proficiency evaluation as a traceability link in chemical metrology.- P. Armishaw, B. King, R.G. Millar: Achieving traceability in chemical measurement - a metrological approach to proficiency testing.- A. Wallard: Traceability issues in physics.- W. Richter: Comparative study of the presentations at the CCQM Workshop on Traceability.- M. Muller: Traceability in Laboratory Medicine.- M. Lipp: Testing for foods derived from modern biotechnology: Opportunities and limitations for metrology.- W. Richter, Guttler: A nationaltraceability system for chemical measurements.- L. Siekmann: Establishing Measurement Traceability in Clinical Chemistry.- M. Kimberly: Clinical laboratory reference networks.- Ph. Taylor: One way of disseminating Reference Values with demonstrated Traceability and demonstrated Uncertainty to Field Laboratories: IMEP.- E. Volkert: Implementation of Traceability - Needs and Perspective of the IVD Industry.- G. Holcombe, R. Lawn, M. Sargent: Improvements in efficiency of production and traceability for certification of reference materials.- M. Buzoianu, H.Y. Aboul-Enein: Traceable measurement in clinical laboratories.- Ch. M. Beck: A traceability protocol to the SI by gravimetric analysis.- V.P. Antipin, A.A. Grigorieva: Reference Samples for analysis of gas impurities in aluminium and titanium alloys: Features of production, certification and usage to ensure traceability of results.- S. Duta: The use of certified reference materials in the Romanian traceability scheme.- P. Spitzer: Traceable measurements of pH.- P.E. Holland et al.: The development of gas standards and calibration techniques for measurement of vehicle, aircraft and industrial emissions, natural gas, occupational exposure and air quality.- I. Sperlingova et al.: Problems of traceability of total protein and catecholamine determinations in human urine.- M. Sega: Traceability in routine chemical measurements: an example of application in the determination of CO2 at atmospheric concentration.- Glavic-Cindro et al.: Traceability of measurement results of the effective acquisition time in gamma-ray spectrometry implemented by the pulser method.- Y. Mitani et al.: Traceability and Practice in Metrology in Chemistry.- P. Charlet, A. Marschal: Benefits of the implementation of a metrological structure for water analyses.- L. Bruggemann, R. Wennrich: Traceability of results of chemical measurements concerning a linear calibration.- W.P. Reed: Traceability, is it what we really want in our

The article contains sections titled: 1. The Evolution of Analytical Chemistry 2. The Functional Organization of Analytical Chemistry 3. Analysis Today 4. Computers 5. Analytical Tasks and Structures 5.1. Formulating the Analytical Problem 5.2. Research and Application 5.3. An Organogram 5.4. Physical Organization of the Analytical Laboratory 5.5. The Target of Analysis 6. Definitions and Important Concepts 6.1. Sensitivity, Limit of Detection, and Detection Power 6.2. Reliability - Measurement Uncertainty 6.3. Elemental Analysis 6.4. Elementary Analysis 6.5. Microanalysis and Micro Procedures 6.6. Stereochemical and Topochemical Analysis 6.7. Microdistribution Analysis 6.8. Surface Analysis 6.9. Trace Analysis 6.10. Trace Elements 6.11. Multistep Procedures 6.12. Hyphenated Methods 6.13. Radioanalytical Methods and Activation Analysis 6.14. Species Analysis (Speciation) 6.15. Chemometrics 6.16. DNA Analysis

Analytical Chemistry: Purpose and Procedures. Quality Assurance in Instrumentation. Chemometrics. Weighing. Sampling. Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis. Trace Analysis. Radionuclides in Analytical Chemistry. Enzyme and Immunoassays. Basic Principles of Chromatography. Gas Chromatography. Liquid Chromatography. Thin Layer Chromatography. Electrophoresis. Structure Analysis by Diffraction. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy. Mossbauer Spectroscopy. Mass Spectrometry. Atomic Spectrometry. Laser Analytical Spectrometry. X--Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Activation Analysis. Analytical Voltammetry and Polarography. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Surface Analysis. Chemical and Biochemical Sensors. Microscopy. Techniques for DNA Analysis. Subject Index.

As mentioned in chapter 1 (H. Berghaus) of this book, in 1985, the Council of the European Community recognized that differences in national accreditation systems was a hindrance to trade for the internal market. The Council decided at that time on a new concept for harmonization and standardization whose aim was to facilitate the mutual recognition of testing and certificates. The “Global Concept” which developed from this, embracing both the statutorily regulated area and the free market economy, is concerned with the promotion of mutual trust through transport competence and quality.

This book, published in German in 1994, is now available to a wider public in English translation. Thanks to the editor, the text has been brushed up and updated in accordance with the events and changes that have taken place since 1994. The authors of the different chapters are indeed the gurus of their specialities, and the reader gets first-hand information on the broadest aspects of the subject in 266 pages. It is certainly interesting to read through the whole book from start to finish (the chapters are in a logical sequence); however, it can also be used as a lexicon or reference book. There is no doubt that analytical laboratories should devote ever more attention to assuring the quality of their results. It is also true that in certain countries it is still possible to get laboratory accreditation for very vaguely defined fields of work without specifying matrices, concentration limits or quality parameters of results. The situation will change, and laboratories should prepare themselves for this. The book gives them all the basic information and references needed for this preparation. The reviewer visited a considerable number of laboratories in developing countries that are rightly concerned with their future and are eager to learn what they should do. Well, this is the book that they, too, need to study very carefuly. If UNIDO still has some funds to devote for real help, this monograph is the right choice. Send copies of it to analytical laboratories in developing countries and you will disseminate very useful information at modest cost. The reader will be surprised to see in Prof. de Bievre’s chapter on Traceability of Measurements of SI (p. 185 Fig. 12 and p. 186 Fig. 13) the considerable number of unacceptable results presented by laboratories – among which there could be quite a few that have been in fact accredited! It follows from this that users of services of analytical laboratories cannot be sure that the results of accredited laboratories are necessarily in all cases free of errors. Probably the confidentiality of interlaboratory studies should be lifted – with the consensus of the laboratories – and made public. Until that time, in the case of sensitive fields, e.g. clinical laboratories, analysis of toxic elements in food, the environment etc., clients of analytical laboratories should rather insist on their own assessment of their partners’ performance. The reliable factual information in this book is its main asset. It can be recommended to chemists of analytical laboratories that want to exist and prosper in years to come.

Der MAK-Wert (maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration) ist die hochstzulassige Konzentration eines Arbeitsstoffes als Gas, Dampf oder Schwebstoff in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz, die nach dem gegenwartigen Stand der Kenntnis auch bei wiederholter und langfristiger, in der Regel taglich 8-stundiger Einwirkung, jedoch bei Einhaltung einer durchschnittlichen Wochenarbeitszeit von 40 Stunden, im allgemeinen die Gesundheit der Beschaftigten nicht beeintrachtigt und diese nicht unangemessen belastigt.