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International audience; Blockchain brings many added values to modern business systems. However, Blockchain-based applications with massive IoT devices experience some limitations. This is referred to the linear structure and the consensus algorithms used in Blockchain, which consumes the participating nodes' considerable resources. Additionally, IoT devices are generally with limited resources and have limited bandwidth connections. IOTA, which is based on Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), is a new distributed ledger technology (DLT) for IoT devices. It proves its high scalability by providing parallel data processing. However, DAG is still not mature enough to fully replace Blockchain. In previous work, we proposed combining both Blockchain and IOTA technologies to allow scalable transactions where Blockchain is employed in the backend and Tangle is used in the frontend. In this paper, we consider the proposed solution with the main focusing on the connector part that intermediates both DLT technologies. The connector is a decentralized software component that supports the interaction between the DLT implicitly. The experiments' results show the flexibility to merge both DLTs using message queuing protocol that enables smart contracts to run on the Tangle nodes and enriches the new platform with reliability and working offline features.

International audience; Modern IT technologies shaped the shift in economic models with many advantages on cost, optimization, and time to market. This economic shift has increased the need for transparency and traceability in supply chain platforms to achieve trust among partners. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is proposed to enable supply chains systems with trust requirements. In this paper, we investigate the existing DLT-based supply chain projects to show their technical part and limitations and extract the tools and techniques used to avoid the DLT scalability issue. We then set the requirements for a typical DLT-based supply chain in this context. The analyses are based on the scalability metrics such as computing, data storage, and transaction fees that fit the typical supply chain system. This paper highlights the effects of Blockchain techniques on scalability and their incorporation in supply chains systems. It also presents other existing solutions that can be applied to the supply chain. The investigation shows the necessity of having such tools in supply chains and developing them to achieve an efficient and scalable system. The paper calls for further scalability enhancements throughout introducing new tools and/or reutilize the current ones. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-04 Full Text: PDF

International audience; The use of blockchain (BC) technology for IoT-based collaboration platforms is still hindered by its inherent properties, namely, the need for ever-increasing storage and the low scalability. In this paper, we investigate the in-teroperability requirements between BC and tangle distributed technologies. We propose a new decentralization architecture in which BC and tangle are combined in such a way that the IoT functionality is increased, and storage is enhanced while keeping a high level of reliability, data accessibility, integrity, and security. In our architecture, a BC-based platform installed in the backend, used primarily for data storage and smart contract. In the frontend, the applications are running on a Tangle-based platform so that it fits IoT devices. The architecture, when implemented, will reap the advantages of both technologies while limiting the drawbacks of them. The main part of the proposed approach has been implemented and tested using a GPS data emulator connected to an IOTA node. The received data have been propagated and stored in the deployed BC and IOTA.