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Tourism-oriented remote areas in Croatia, such as islands, face many challenges. First of all, all Croatian islands are zed by a low local permanent population but a high number of tourist visits, with a high increase in the number of visits in recent years. This is especially highlighted from May to September. This specificity of tourism- oriented remote areas pointed out the need for better waste management. This paper aims to validate the previously developed system dynamics model for waste management in tourism-oriented smart cities and examine the differences in waste generation among observed areas. Data on waste generation and management has been collected for four Croatian islands (Hvar, Mljet, Lastovo, and Vis). Simulation scenarios proved that Croatian islands, characterized by geographic isolation and a tourism-driven economy, stand as a significant obstacle to achieving sustainability in terms of waste management. Results confirmed the importance of understanding the complexity of the waste management system in remote areas, providing new insights and support for policymakers regarding waste management.

As required by Art. 29 of the Grant Agreement, each beneficiary must – as soon as possible – disseminate its results by disclosing them to the public by appropriate means (other than those resulting from protecting or exploiting the results), including in scientific publications (in any medium). As part of this obligation, within the SmartCulTour-project, multiple deliverables have been foreseen across work packages, to focus on an open access publication strategy. This deliverable provides metadata and abstracts of the publications residing under Work Package 4: “Assessing the impacts of cultural tourism”. Deliverable 4.3 aimed to provide “A minimum of 3 academic papers on sustainable cultural tourism, resilience, and the TALC model” and therefore focuses on sustainable cultural tourism indicators, the link between cultural tourism development, sustainability and resilience, and the integration of cultural tourism, sustainability/resilience, and the tourism area life cycle. The full papers are available in open access and can be found by following the DOI links provided. The deliverable is a living document that, after initial submission, can be updated in case of additional scientific publications within the scope of Work Package 4.

The SmartCulTour project aims "to propose and validate innovative, community-led interventions directed at sustainable cultural tourism development contributing to the EU regions' resilience and inclusiveness". Among several priorities, objective number two strives to "establish an improved indicator framework for cultural tourism impacts on sustainability and resilience and link these to an improved Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model ". Within the work package (WP) 4 tasks dedicated to the fulfilment of this objective were outlined. This Report reflects on Task 4.2., i.e. the Identification of relationships between cultural tourism development and destination's sustainability, resilience and the TALC model, and Task 4.3. on Developing the SRT framework. To deliver the report's conclusions, using the framework of indicators delivered in Report D4.1. (see "Report on the most appropriate indicators related to the basic concepts", DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5336694), the data collection process was performed by six project partners on the level of 35 Local Administrative Units (LAU) belonging to the six Living Labs (see "Sustainable cultural tourism indicators on LAU-level - panel data 2007-2019", DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4734097). In both sustainability and resilience models, the dynamic panel data method was employed, with the regression analysis additionally applied in the sustainability model to deal with the static indicators. The STATA scripts used in these analyses are included here as "STATA scripts for regression and panel data analysis". The obtained research results shed light on the nexus between cultural tourism development and a destination's sustainability and resilience. Additionally, the TALC model demonstrated all LLs were in the stage of demand dependence, tending to reach the saturation stage unless restructuring policies and new products such as cultural tourism are introduced. The Report contains four sections, including the Introduction; the Empirical Analysis section – outlining the data collection process, methods, analysis and main conclusions following each part of the analysis; the TALC modelling section delivering a theoretical foundation for the TALC modelling together with its empirical verification; Conclusion and Reference sections. At the end of the Report, an Annex contains tables and figures to describe the attained results., See "Sustainable cultural tourism indicators on LAU-level – panel data 2007-2019" (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4734097) for the raw data used in the analysis, as well as "Resident survey data for Living Lab regions" (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4993485) for the raw data on resident perception indicators.

Considering the growing competition in the market, each com­pany strives to operate in accordance with the time in which it exists and following modern techniques of business system management. One of such techniques is manifested in designing and managing business processes in organizations. The authors investigated two groups of respondents. The first group consists of employees of different organizations in Croatia. The second group of respondents are students of higher years of economic fac­ulties in Croatia. The perception of these two groups on the importance of the company’s business process orientation was examined. The two groups were examined for an overview of the current situation with the help of em­ployees and the future through the prism of future employees – current stu­dents. This paper aims to assume future trends of BPO use in organizations taking into account the perception of the participants surveyed.

The SmartCulTour project aims “to propose and validate innovative, community-led interventions directed at sustainable cultural tourism development contributing to the EU regions’ resilience and inclusiveness”. Among several priorities, the objective number two strives to “establish an improved indicator framework for cultural tourism impacts on sustainability and resilience and link these to an improved Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model“. Within the work package (WP) 4, several tasks dedicated to the fulfilment of this objective have been outlined. This report reflects on Task 4.1. Identification of the indicators related to the basic concepts defined in WP2. To deliver the report's conclusions, a systematic review of relevant literature, related to the concepts of sustainability, resilience and cultural tourism has been conducted. Particular reference was paid to the indicators most often used to measure these concepts. Additionally, the Report contains a review of the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) - related literature. The conclusions of the TALC analysis will have an important role in the delivery of further tasks within this WP. With regard to each analyzed concept, a proposal of the prospective methodology to be used in the Deliverable D4.2 is given, with the aim to create Sustainability-Resilience-TALC framework for cultural tourism destinations. The report contains four sections: The introduction; The methodology section: outlining the process of systematic review; The analysis section: delivering the overview of indicators related to fundamental concepts and guidelines for the selection of relevant indicators, including the conclusion after each part of the analysis, pointing out main findings; The reference section. At the end of the report there is also an Annex containing tables with elaborated sources of literature retained after a primary selection based on relevant databases.

Bankers and other financial experts have analyzed the value of Automated Teller Machines (ATM) in relation to the growing demands of consumers, rising costs of technology development, decreasing profitability and market share. This paper presents a step by step process of performing cost benefit analysis of ATM’s automatic deposit service implementation. The first step was to determine the users’ attitude towards using automatic deposit service of ATMs by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The second step was to determine the location priorities of ATMs with automatic deposit service by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for the selection of location priorities. Results of the previous steps enabled a highly-efficient application of cost-benefit analysis in order to evaluate costs and benefits of automatic deposit service implementation. In order to fully understand the proposed procedure outside the theoretical terms, an initial case study was conducted that was based on its real-world application.

This paper presents a highly formalized approach to the strategy formulation and optimization of strategic performance through the proper resource allocation. Stochastic quantitative model of strategic performance (SQMSP) is used in order to evaluate efficiency of the strategy developed. SQMSP follows the theoretical notions of the balanced scorecard (BSC) and strategy map methodologies, initially developed by Kaplan and Norton. Parameters of the SQMSP are suggested to be random variables and be evaluated by experts who give two-point (optimistic and pessimistic values) and three- point (optimistic, most probable and pessimistic values) evaluations. The Monte- Carlo method is used in order to simulate strategic performance. Having been implemented within a computer application and applied to solve the real problem (planning of IT-strategy at the Faculty of Economics, University of Split) the proposed approach demonstrated its high potential as a basis for development of decision support tools related to strategic planning.

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a popular concept for performance measurement. The Linear programming (LP) is a mathematical technique for optimization of linear objective functions. The question is: "How to use LP for Enterprise Performances optimization (EPO)?" Answer on this question is contained in this paper. The first step is a formalization of the enterprise performances relationship structure. The structure of performaces relationship is designed accordingly to BSC concept. Thus formalised recording of enterprise performances will provide the application of LP for EPO

Lanci opskrbe donose dodanu vrijednost onima koji ih organiziraju. Vrijednost se odražava u dodatnim prihodima iznad troškova organiziranja same mreže. Splet pozitivnih i negativnih krugova povratnog djelovanja izvedeni iz uzročno posljedične strukture osnova su za izučavanje obrazaca ponašanja sustava lanca ponude. Transport predstavlja jedan od regulatora brzine protoka materijala u lancu opskrbe. Zbog toga je ovim radom lanac opskrbe promatran kao cjeloviti sustav. Prvi korak je izvesti i definirati osnovne značajke sustava lanca opskrbe, što je napravljeno u prvom dijelu ovog rada. U drugom dijelu rada prikazan je opći model strukture uzročno posljedičnog djelovanja u sustavu lanca opskrbe. Time je ostvaren doprinos u razumijevanju uzročno posljedičnog djelovanja kako među elementima lanca opskrbe (taktička razina), tako i među konkurentskim lancima opskrbe (strateška razina). Na osnovu takvog modela moguće je pozicionirati potrebnih kapaciteta transporta radi opskrbe dionika u lancu opskrbe

This document presents a dynamics model of producing eggs on a farm using the system approach and methodology of system dynamics. We used system approach because it was about a continuous dynamic process. Our aim was to describe dynamic process of egg production and how production, numbers of hens and eggs stocks are changing after the modification of variables, demand and number of orders. The first part generally describes the process and the direction in which it will be developed. After that the subjects of the process and their role have been pointed out. The next thing was to describe how the process of the production functions in details with all its elements, objects and connections. In the second part we have presented the system flow chart diagram. The information has been obtained from the interview with people who were included in the work on that farm as well as from the observation.

Due to high level of uncertainty, entrepreneuship is generally considered as risky endeavuor. This paper explores the factors impacting entrepreneurial behaviour in order to identify new educational opportunities for its development. The paper explores perceived feasibility and desirability for students in more than 7 countries. The role of gender tested against desirability and feasibility were confirmed with statistically significant results. In addition the requirements for developing this skillset are also studied. A survey instrument was developed and data was collected from 3597 students.

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a popular concept for performance measurement. The Linear programming (LP) is a methematical technique for optimization of linear objective functions. The questions is: "How to use LP for Enterprice Performances optimization(EPO)?". Answer on this question is contained in this paper. The first step is a matrix presentation of the enterprice performances. The presentation is designed accordingly to BSC concept. Thus formalized recording of enterprice performances will provide the application of LP for EPO.

Rad obrađuje proces strateškog planiranja informacijskih sustava. Polazište istraživanja je metodika strateškog planiranja informacijskih sustava koja je ovim radom unaprjeđena. Prvim dijelom rada informacijski sustav je stavljen u kontekst poslovnog sustava. Analizirajući korištene metode ukazano je na mogućnost poopćavanja problema. Tako je u drugom dijelu rada analiziran opći proces strateškog planiranja kao i dinamika provedbe utvrđenih strategija. Na teoretskim osnovama SWOT analize i balanced scorecarda istražena je mogućnost njihove sinteze. U tu svrhu je korišten matrični račun što je omogućilo primjenu linearnog programiranja u svrhu optimizacije učinkovitosti oragnizacije. Analiza dinamike kod strateškog upravljanja pokazala je mogućnost razvoja jedinstvenog sustavsko dinamički modela izvedenog strateškog cilja. Rezultat prethodno opisanih istraživanja je razvijen i dokazan izvorni algoritam za upravljanje provedbom strategije. Primjenjivost razvijenog algoritma u obliku sustava za potporu strateškom upravljanju pokazana je na općim primjerima na kraju trećeg i četvrtog poglavlja. U trećem dijelu rada prethodno postavljeni opći algoritam, specijaliziran je na problem strateškog planiranja informacijskih sustava. Na taj način je ostvareno je njeno unaprjeđenje. Ostvarena unaprjeđenja prikazana su u obliku dijagrama radnih tokova i tablice korištenih metoda i tehnika. Primjer primjene unaprjeđene metodike strateškog planiranja napravljen je na problemu strateškog planiranja informacijskih sustava u procesu obrazovanja na Ekonomskom fakultetu u Splitu.

This paper deals with the cluster efficiency evaluation in the shipbuilding industry of the Split-Dalmatia County. The global trend of interconnecting businesses into clusters to enhance productivity and competitiveness results in a shipbuilding cluster including over 50 companies. To evaluate the potential of the cluster we use the hybrid method A’ WOT, which is a combination of two decision support tools: the AHP and SWOT analysis. In the first step, the survey conducted among the eminent experts directly involved in the process of cluster formation is the basis for identification of internal strengths and weaknesses of the shipbuilding cluster and external opportunities and threats coming from its environment. In the second step, the AHP method is used to rank the importance of each particular element and to select among the four proposed cluster development strategies the most efficient one.

U radu je prezentiran novi pristup modeliranju dinamike razvoja visokoškolskog obrazovnog sustava, koji se temelji na novoj definiciji sustava radne snage i u njegovoj je funkciji. Sustav radne snage definira se kao sustav sastavljen od tri sustava prve razine. To su: Visokoškolski obrazovni sustav (VOS), sustav tržišta radne snage i sustav potražnje radne snage. U radu se identificiraju uzročno posljedične veze između navedenih sustava i dokazuje da kvalitativni razvoj VOS-a nije moguć izvan konteksta sustava tržišta radne snage i sustava potražnje radne snage. Razvijeni opći simulacijski model dinamike VOS-a prema metodologiji sustavske dinamike, primijenjen je u sustavskoj analizi visokoškolskog obrazovnog procesa pomoraca u Republici Hrvatskoj, kroz nekoliko simulacijskih scenarija, temeljem kojih je moguće donijeti kvalitetne zaključke o stanju i mogućnostima razvoja ovog sustava.

This paper is result of research of scientific project, title: "Computer Simulation Model of Maritime Education System of Croatia". The aim of this paper is to present processes and flows of maritime educational system. It will be present hierarhical, basin system diagram. Quantitative simulation model of maritime educational process will be built by using System Dynamics Methodology as basic methodology for describe dynamics of system.

There have been various surveys about the quality of teaching process in existing practice. These surveys were more or less successful and they were related to performance of academic staff. They have been using statistical and other techniques containing a lot of statistical information, but this information could not be easily collected into one single unit of measurement. The aim of this paper is to establish the most appropriate high education quality measure which would consist of all relevant indicators. Multicriteria decision making should be acceptable framework for such kind of problem. In fact, the problem of measuring teaching staff performance could be set up as a classical problem of multicriteria decision making. With this approach the quality of teaching process should be simultaneously estimated by n quality assurance criteria and in accordance with those criteria m alternatives (professors) would be ranked or estimated. If we add to this the automatic procedure of the whole process with the implementation of the most advanced information technology (IT) this application would eliminate present shortcomings. In such a way, the time used for surveys should be substantially reduced, the reliability of the results would be improved and, as a final result total cost in long run would be much lower.

With this paper the dynamics model of supply and demand process and employment will be presented. Based on presented qualitative model it is possible to built qualitative model, and simulate desired scenarios. On that way planning and managing of the workforce become easier. The methodology of system dynamics is used during modelling.

The former way of implementing the SWOT method (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) did not consider the dynamics of system. By observing feedback loops it can be stated that the choice of only one alternative means leaving to pure chance all the factors that are not included into the alternative, which depending on the power of the factor can have disastrous consequences for the organisation. For the purpose of comprehension interaction of the all SWOT elements it will be use System Dynamics methodology.

System dynamic continuous computer simulation sub model of the business-production shipbuilding process – PSBP, which starts with controlled discrete event PPB – “ ship takeover” , i.e. the 5th phase KKBUGR – “ commercial use of the ship in guarantee period” , and ends with discrete event IGR – “ termination of guarantee period” , was made under the scientific project of Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology titled “ MODELLING OF THE PRODUCTION PREPARING ORANIZATION IN MARINE SHIPBUILDING” number 2-09-366, 1991. In this paper system dynamics continuous simulation modelling of the dynamics system i.e. shipbuilding process of ship “ AMORELLA” is presented. The authors give a report of executed simulation modeling of the phase KKBURG – “ commercial use of the ship in guarantee period” , and they suggest further implementation of the same methodology in the order two shipbuilding phases: KKB – “ commercial use of the ship” and SNPOTB – “ state of unpaid shipyard demand” .

Kompjuterska simulacija ima sve veću primjenu u proučavanju bioloških i ekoloških sustava. Naravno, postoji mnogo različitih tipova simulacijskih tehnika, a mi ćemo u ovom radu predstaviti metodu koja je originalno poznata kao "industrijska dinamika" (Forrester, 1961). Ova je metoda polako prerasla u teoriju koja povezuje strukturu sustava sa dinamičkim ponašanjem sustava (Forrester, 1968) i usvojen je novi naziv "Sustavna dinamika" (Forrester, 1971). Prema prof. dr. J. Forrester - MIT Sustavna dinamika je filozofija o sustavu, koji u osnovi ima kvalitativan karakter. Nadalje, to je prepoznavanje dominiranja krugova povratne veze dinamičkim ponašanjem sustava, a koji su ujedno i pod utjecajem funkcioniranja samog sustava. Osnova Sustavne dinamike je prepoznavanje unutarnje strukture sustava, tj. razumijevanje dinamike ponašanja koja može proizaći iz samog sustava (Roberts i sur., 1983). Ova teorija, koja je danas potpuno opravdano prerasla u novu znanstvenu disciplinu, povezuje strukturu sustava s njegovom vlastitom dinamikom ponašanja kao i sa uzajamnim djelovanjem relevantne okoline promatranog sustava! Kod bioloških sustava interakcije mnogih njegovih elemenata tvore odgovor sustava ili njegovo ponašanje (Moxnes, 2002). U ovom radu prikazat ćemo primjenu sustavne dinamike u modeliranju obnovljivih morskih resursa tj. prikazati ćemo konkretnu primjenu na ribljoj populaciji.

This paper is continuation research about application of matrix calculation in system based on knowledge in backward chaining process. First the initials values forming will be shown, and then suggested algorithm proved by an example. The application of matrix calculation in this process is achievable due to matrix note “ IF … THAN” of the rules. Including previous work titled “ Matrix calculation of forward chaining in rule based expert system” , matrix calculation is used in conclusion process basis strategies. In this manner base for detailed analysis of conclusion process is made, purposefully for spreeding the process and possibility for synthesis with other methodologies.

This paper will propose system dynamic models of labour demand systems. It will present some of the possible scenarios of effects of contract duration and dismissal period in terms of numeric data. To observe the system dynamics of labour demand it will use system dynamic methodology - a discipline implying its own research methods, modelling, simulations, and optimisation of the most complex dynamic systems investigated by continuing models. As recruitment is a continuing process, in author's opinion, it can only be realistically perceived by observing its dynamics. The use of the system dynamic approach will show that the duration of employment contract and dismissal period will have a negative consequence on the labour utilization coefficient (LUC), which means that longer dismissal period reduces LUC, resulting in higher operating costs.

This paper provides a system dynamic model of labour demand presenting one of the possible qualitative simulation scenarios. The modelling will be carried out by use of system-dynamic methodology. It was first introduced by the MIT Professor Jay Forrester in his book "System Dynamics" and it involves research, modelling, simulation, and optimisation of complex dynamic systems. In the authors opinion employment system, being non-linear and complex, is also an area in which system dynamic modelling may lead to more effective results than the application of the classic forecasting methods.

Rad obrađuje dinamiku visokoškolskog obrazovnog sustava u kontekstu sustava zapošljavanja. Prilikom modeliranja koristiti će se metodologija sustavske dinamike (System Dynamics). Sustavska dinamika je metodologija istraživanja, modeliranja, simuliranja i optimiziranja složenih dinamičkih sustava, čiju je prvu etapu razvoja označio njen autor Prof. Jay Forrester. Daljnji razvoj sustavske dinamike, proširio je njenu primjenu na razne sustave. Prema mišljenjima autora ovog rada i sustav zapošljavanja, odnosno visokoškolski obrazovni sustav kao njegov podsustav, također je zbog njegove nelinearnosti i kompleksnosti područje u kojem će modeliranje primjenom sustavske dinamike poručiti učinkovitije rezultate negoli primjena dosadašnjih "klasičnih" metoda prognoziranja. Prvim djelom rada visokoškolski obrazovni sustav stavljen je u kontekst sustava zapošljavanja, te razvijeni njegovi sustavsko dinamički modeli. Razvojem sustavsko dinamičkih modela ponude i potražnje radne snage, u drugom dijelu rada, ukazalo se na njihovo značenje prilikom promatranja planiranja razvoja visokoškolskog obrazovnog sustava. U trećem dijelu, razvojem kvantitativnog sustavsko dinamičkom modela visokoškolskog obrazovanog sustava pomoraca ukazano je razlike u dosadašnjem i novopredloženom metodološkom pristupu.

With conclusion mechanism, upon the facts and regulations we tried to demonstrate the set hypotheses. The elementary conclusion strategies are conclusion with forward chaining and conclusion with backward chaining. This paper presents the application of matrix calculation in forward chaining. The conditions for interpret forward chaining with vector and matrix calculation are made with determinations of the rule matrix, the rule complexity vector and goal attributes vectors. In that way, it is possible to apply matrix calculation in determination of set of conflict rules ; based on them with repetition of procedure the aimed solution is made. The proposed algorithm is substantiated with example.

According to the theoretical model which links the SWOT analysis and the system dynamics methodology, this paper is presenting the application of a new system in the strategic development planning of a higher education institution. On the basis of the overall business system model for a higher education institution shown in this paper, which also includes the microenvironment's relevant factors and the results of a case study, we will show a possible development scenario by introducing a new "product", which is on-line teaching.

In this paper it will be present simulation model of maritime educational process. This paper is one of the first works from new scientific project, title: "Computer Simulation Model of Maritime Education System of Croatia". The aim of this paper is to present qualitative dynamics model as base for modeling every educational process whit similarly structures. System Dynamics Methodology will be used for modeling.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical model which strives to unify (multiple) partial approaches regarding the role of information technology (IT) in strategic analysis. First, we analyze the process of formulating, implementing and controlling the competitive strategy, as well as identify the most important areas which may serve as “ entry points” for a more pro-active role of the information technology in business strategy. Building upon the results of such an analysis, we look into the role of IT in strengthening the “ internal features” of an organisation (i.e. making use of organisational strengths and minimizing its weaknesses). Then, we analyse the opportunities and threats arising from the extensive use of IT in the (business) environment and pay special attention to the role of electronic commerce and business for the formulation of appropriate competitive strategy. We conclude the paper with some insights on the (potential) influence of IT in transforming the rules of the competitive game in entire industries by applying Venkatraman’ s model of “ IT-induced business transformation” and recommendations for practicing managers.

U ovom radu prema izrađenom sustavsko-dinamičkom modelu u radu "Dinamički model upravljanja edukacijskim sustavom brodostrojara", bit će predstavljeni simulacijski scenariji. Simulacijskim scenarijima dan je opis strategija upravljanja, te grafički i tablični prikaz mogućih rezultata. U trećem poglavlju provedena je usporedba rezultata ponuđenih scenarija, na osnovi koje će biti donesen najpovoljniji izbor. U četvrtom poglavlju iznesene su zaključne misli.

This paper is result of research of scientific project, title: "Computer Simulation Model of Maritime Education System of Croatia". The aim of this paper is to present processes and flows of maritime educational system. It will be present hierarchical, basic system diagram. Quantitative simulation model of maritime educational process will be built by using System Dynamics Methodology as basic methodology for describe dynamics of system.

Ovim radom predstavljen je simulacijski model edukacijskog sustava brodostrojara u svrhu lakšeg upravljanja razvojem. On je rezultat početnog istraživanja na znanstvenom projektu "Računarski simulacijski model pomorskog edukativnog sustava Hrvatske". Modelom je opisana njegova dinamika i utjecaj na okolinu, na osnovi kojeg se mogu izraditi scenariji razvoja. Ovako izrađen model, moguće je, uz male dorade, primijeniti i na druge edukacijske sustave koji imaju sličnu strukturu. Iz navedenog je vidljiva važnost izrade modela cjelokupnog visokog školstva pomoraca, a samim tim i cjelokupnog projekta., The paper presents the simulation model of marine engineers educational system in order to facilitate the development management. The paper has been the result of the preliminary research work "Computer Simulation Model of Croatian Maritime Educational System". The model describes its dynamic and the effects on the environment. This model (with small adaptation) can be applied to other educational systems with similar structures. All the above mentioned emphasizes the necessity to create the higher school maritime educational model together with the entire project.

Prikazane su metododičke upute za rad sa sustavom TEx-Sys (Tutor-Expert System) koje su učeniku raspoloživu u on-line formi, a izrađene su u obliku Web stranica. Želja nam je s metodičkim uputama voditi učenika kroz faze potrebne za ovladavanje sustavom i to onim redosljedom kako tu funkcije sustava zahtjevaju. Motivirani smo bili temeljnim problemom za razumijevanje i rad u TEx-Sys-u, a to je pravilno uočavanje pojmova i veza među njima pri formalizaciji područnog znanja. Globalno, upute možemo podijeliti u dva dijela. Prvi dio pokazuje proceduru formaliziranja prirodnog jezika odabranog područnog, a zatim učenika upoznava sa strukturom sustava TEx-Sys. Pri izradi je korišten HTML i program za izradu Web stranica Microsoft Front Page 97. Zvukovna informacija i grafički prikaz izrađene su uz pomoć programskih alata SpectraPRO i Corel DRAW. Metodičke upute su testirane s kontrolnom skupinom studenata na Fakultetu – prirodoslovno matematičkih znanostimi i odgojnih područja Sveučilišta u Splitu, u okviru kolegija « Uvod u računarstvo» na prvoj godini studija tijekom zimskog semestra u akademskoj 2001./2002. godini.

Glavni dio ovog diplomskog rada je prikaz metododičkih uputa za rad sa sustavom TEx-Sys u on-line obliku koji je priložen na CD-u. On-line oblikom, omogućen je stalni pristup metodičkim uputama svim korisnicima sustava koji imaju ostvaren priključak na Internet. Cilj metodički uputa je provesti učenika kroz faze potrebne za ovladavanje sustavom TEx-Sys točno na onaj način s kojim će se služiti u sustavu. Osnovni problem za razumijevanje i rad u TEx-Sys-u je pravilno uočavanje pojmova i veza među njima. U tu svrhu napravljena je baza “Mreze.kb”, područnog znanja o računalnim mrežama koje je dio kolegija “Uvod u Računarstvo” koje se sluša na prvoj godini ovog fakulteta, koja je izrađena pomoću sustava TEx-Sys, a koristi se kao primjer u uputama. Baza se sastoj od 44 čvora i 53 veze. Metodičke upute su izrađene u obliku WWW stranica. Korištenje ovih uputa moguće je u svakom programu za pregledavanje WWW stranica koji podržavaju Web orijentirani programski jezik “Java”. Globalno, upute možemo podijeliti u dva dijela. Prvi dio priručnika pokazuje nam na primjeru teksta kako postaviti problem, te nas upoznaje sa osnovnom strukturom sustava TEx-Sys. Prvo prikazani tekst opisan prirodnim jezikom u nekoliko koraka prikazujemo formaliziranim jezikom semantičkih mreža tj. pomoću čvorova i veza. U drugom dijelu objašnjene su sve opcije i rad u svim modulima sustava TEx-Sys. Pri izradi je korišten “HTML”, alat Anfy i program za izradu Web stranica Microsoft Front Page 97. Glas i slike koje su ukomponirane u priručnik, izrađene su u programima Corel DRAW7 (program za obradu slike) i SpectraPRO (program za obradu zvuka).

Tehnološke promjene uzrokovane pandemijom COVID-19 dovele su do nagle digitalizacije obrazovanja gdje online nastava i platforme za učenje na daljinu koje postaju dio svakodnevnice. To je uzrokovalo gomilanje velike količine neiskorištenih podataka u bazama podataka obrazovnih institucija i time otvorilo pitanje potencijala rudarenja podataka u korist tih institucija. Pomoću umjetnih neuronskih mreža moguće je otkriti uzorke u podacima i dobiti uvid u ponašanje studenata na temelju kojih obrazovne institucije mogu donijeti bolje odluke. Unatoč tome što se umjetne neuronske mreže već naširoko koriste za rješavanje raznih problema, one su vrlo malo prisutne u obrazovanju. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada istražiti mogućnosti umjetnih neuronskih mreža u obrazovanju provođenjem istraživanja predikcije konačne uspješnosti studenata na kraju treće godine na temelju njihovih ocjena s prve godine studija. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno tri modela umjetnih neuronskih mreža, a kako bi se bolje donio zaključak, za usporedbu je korišten i model linearne regresije. Na temelju mjerila kvadratnog odstupanja vrijednosti, istraživanje je pokazalo da umjetne neuronske mreže mogu vrlo dobro predvidjeti konačnu uspješnost studenta gdje je po rezultatima nadmašilo čak i linearnu regresiju. Technological changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a sudden digitization of education, where online classes and distance learning platforms have become part of everyday life. This caused the accumulation of a large amount of unused data in the databases of educational institutions and thus opened the question of the potential of mining the data for the benefit of these institutions. With the use of artificial neural networks, it is possible to discover patterns in data that provide insight into student behavior upon which educational institutions are able to make better decisions. Despite the fact that artificial neural networks are already widely used to solve various problems, they are very little present in education. Therefore, the goal of this work is to investigate the possibilities of artificial neural networks in education by conducting research on the prediction of students' final performance at the end of the third year based on their grades from the first year of study. The research was conducted on a total of three models of artificial neural networks, and in order to reach a better conclusion, a linear regression model was also used for comparison. Based on the square deviation of the values, the research showed that artificial neural networks can very well predict the final performance of the student, where it even surpassed linear regression according to the results.

U današnje vrijeme mnoga se poduzeća koriste modeliranjem poslovnih procesa, a razlog tomu su određene prednosti koje organizacija ostvaruje. Uzimajući u obzir sve veću konkurenciju na tržištu, svako poduzeće nastoji poslovati u skladu sa vremenom u kojem djeluje, odnosno u skladu sa suvremenim tehnikama upravljanja poslovnim sustavom. Jedna od takvih tehnika očituje se u dizajniranju poslovnih procesa u organizaciji te upravljanjem njima. Kako bi na jednostavan i razumljiv način definirali svoje procese, organizacije se najčešće služe „BPMN“-om. U ovom radu iskazane su pozitivne implikacije modeliranja procesa u organizaciji i upravljanja njima na poslovni rezultat organizacije. Provedeno je istraživanje kojim su se utvrdili stavovi studenata, kao budućih zaposlenika, te osoba koje su trenutno u radnom odnosu o modeliranju i upravljanju poslovnim procesima u organizaciji. Nowadays many companies use business process modeling and the reason for that are certain advantages that the organization realizes. Considering the growing competition in the market each company strives to operate in accordance with the time in which it egzist and in accordance with modern techniques of business system management too. One of such techniques is manifested in designing and managing of business processes in the organization. In order to define their processes in a simple and understandable way organizations most often use "BPMN". This paper presents the positive implications of managing and modeling processes in the organizations on theirs business result. A survey was conducted to determine the attitudes of students, as future employees, and people who are currently employed on modeling and managing business processes in the organization.