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As alterações emocionais negativas vêm aumentando com o passar das décadas, chegando a atingir respectivamente 4,4% e 1,6% da população mundial, sendo as mulheres da ordem de 70%, estando mais expostas no período gestacional devido a mudanças hormonais. O pré-natal é o momento oportuno para estabelecer um relacionamento de confiança com a gestante, possibilitando a identificação de fatores de riscoao binômio,como alterações patológicas ou psicológicas, ao qual atualmente, deve-se incluir o homem nesse processo. Revisão: Perante gestação há maior destaque para mudanças morfológicas, psicológicas e funcionais. Durante gestação destaca-se mudanças morfológicas, psicológicas e funcionais. Algumas futuras mães podem apresentar episódios de ansiedade e de tristeza, ao invés da típica e esperada alegria, demandando necessidade de maior avaliação, pois, as mulheres podem ser mais suscetíveis ao estresse físico e metal. Já quanto ao Couvade, os sintomas contam com a perca de apetite, náusea, vômitos, desejos, aumento de peso corporal, dores dentários, insônia, dor de cabeça, entre outros. Há indicação também para que esta condição seja definida como uma expressão somática de ansiedade, toda oriunda do processo transitório para a paternidade. Objetivos: Relacionar as condições sociodemográficas das gestantes pré-dispostas a alterações emocionais possibilitando o aparecimento das psicoses, bem como, de seus parceiros, apontando os sinais e sintomas psicossomáticos de depressão ou psicose, discorrer sobre a atuação específica do enfermeiro na consulta de pré-natal para detecção precoce dos sinais e sintomas psicossomáticos de depressão ou psicose da gestante e seu companheiro e elaborar um protocolo de consulta de pré-natal masculino, para identificar e prevenir a síndrome de La Couvade. Método: Utilizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura, com estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualiquantitativa. Discussão: Embora a etiologia da Couvade seja desconhecida, inúmeros pesquisadores relacionam a condição com características emocionais, ansiedade, fatores hormonais e fisiológicos concomitantes, fatores sociais, idade, aspectos inconscientes, entre outros. Para tanto, um protocolo foi desenvolvido a fim de, sendo utilizado no pré-natal masculino, possa facilitar a identificação da síndrome. Conclusão: Concluindo, com o uso do protocolo de consulta (Quadro 2), se espera poder avaliar adequadamente os sinais e sintomas da Síndrome de La Couvade, para que, caso necessário, o companheiro participante do pré-natal seja encaminhado ao psicólogo da unidade, com o intuído de que seu bem estar seja restaurado o quanto antes.

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In the early 1960s Brazil saw the emergence of countless educational experiences in combating illiteracy. In this context, in 1961, in the city of Natal / RN, the campaign De Pe no Chao Tambem se Aprende a Ler (Standing on the ground also learns to read), which we believe to have been possible due to the strong popular performance and political attitude committed to the population’s desire for access to education. We sought to contextualize the architecture used in the school space, which became known in the construction of the School Camps, emphasizing the vernacular knowledge present in the camps, relating them to the typology of the mocambos studied in the 1930s by the sociologist from Pernambuco Gilberto Freyre.

Many plant pathogenic bacteria rely on effector proteins to suppress defense and manipulate host cell mechanisms to cause disease. The effector protein PthA modulates the host transcriptome to promote citrus canker. PthA possesses unusual protein architecture with an internal region encompassing variable numbers of near-identical tandem repeats of 34 amino acids termed the repeat domain. This domain mediates protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, and two polymorphic residues in each repeat unit determine DNA specificity. To gain insights into how the repeat domain promotes protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts, we have solved the structure of a peptide corresponding to 1.5 units of the PthA repeat domain by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and carried out small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and spectroscopic studies on the entire 15.5-repeat domain of PthA2 (RD2). Consistent with secondary structure predictions and circular dichroism data, the NMR structure of the 1.5-repeat peptide reveals three α-helices connected by two turns that fold into a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like domain. The NMR structure corroborates the theoretical TPR superhelix predicted for RD2, which is also in agreement with the elongated shape of RD2 determined by SAXS. Furthermore, RD2 undergoes conformational changes in a pH-dependent manner and upon DNA interaction, and shows sequence similarities to pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR), a nucleic acid-binding motif structurally related to TPR. The results point to a model in which the RD2 structure changes its compactness as it embraces the DNA with the polymorphic diresidues facing the interior of the superhelix oriented toward the nucleotide bases.

The objective of this study was to determine whether myenteric denervation of the abdominal esophagus using benzalkonium chloride (BAC) leads to esophageal achalasia with changes of the muscle propria and epithelial cell proliferation. The treatment led to megaesophagus 3 months after BAC application. Denervation of the esophagus induced muscle hypertrophy and increased epithelial cell proliferation. The imbalance of the neurotransmitters may play a role in these morphokinetic changes.

Orientador: Mário Tyago Murakami Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document Doutorado Bioquímica Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Paiva Maria Helena. Le traitement informatique du discours grammatical (XVIe siecle portugais) : du rapport entre objet et methode et de sa repercussion sur les resultats.. In: Cahiers de linguistique hispanique medievale. N°21, 1996. De la variation linguistique et textuelle. En l'honneur de Jean Roudil [1. Linguistique Medievale ] sous la direction de Georges Martin et Jean Roudil. pp. 69-85.

Cellulases participate in a number of biological events, such as plant cell wall remodelling, nematode parasitism and microbial carbon uptake. Their ability to depolymerize crystalline cellulose is of great biotechnological interest for environmentally compatible production of fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, industrial use of cellulases is somewhat limited by both their low catalytic efficiency and stability. In the present study, we conducted a detailed functional and structural characterization of the thermostable BsCel5A (Bacillus subtilis cellulase 5A), which consists of a GH5 (glycoside hydrolase 5) catalytic domain fused to a CBM3 (family 3 carbohydrate-binding module). NMR structural analysis revealed that the Bacillus CBM3 represents a new subfamily, which lacks the classical calcium-binding motif, and variations in NMR frequencies in the presence of cellopentaose showed the importance of polar residues in the carbohydrate interaction. Together with the catalytic domain, the CBM3 forms a large planar surface for cellulose recognition, which conducts the substrate in a proper conformation to the active site and increases enzymatic efficiency. Notably, the manganese ion was demonstrated to have a hyper-stabilizing effect on BsCel5A, and by using deletion constructs and X-ray crystallography we determined that this effect maps to a negatively charged motif located at the opposite face of the catalytic site.

The breakdown of β-1,4-mannoside linkages in a variety of mannan-containing polysaccharides is of great importance in industrial processes such as kraft pulp delignification, food processing and production of second-generation biofuels, which puts a premium on studies regarding the prospection and engineering of β-mannanases. In this work, a two-domain β-mannanase from Thermotoga petrophila that encompasses a GH5 catalytic domain with a C-terminal CBM27 accessory domain, was functionally and structurally characterized. Kinetic and thermal denaturation experiments showed that the CBM27 domain provided thermo-protection to the catalytic domain, while no contribution on enzymatic activity was observed. The structure of the catalytic domain determined by SIRAS revealed a canonical (α/β) 8 -barrel scaffold surrounded by loops and short helices that form the catalytic interface. Several structurally related ligand molecules interacting with TpMan were solved at high-resolution and resulted in a wide-range representation of the subsites forming the active-site cleft with residues W134, E198, R200, E235, H283 and W284 directly involved in glucose binding.

No Brasil, o uso da Inseminação Artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) vem crescendo rapidamente, uma vez que elimina a necessidade de observação do cio e induz a ciclicidade de vacas em anestro (MADUREIRA et al., 2004). Na maioria dos protocolos de IATF, empregam-se dispositivos de liberação sustentada de progesterona (P4) introduzidos na cavidade vaginal. Estes dispositivos são, na sua grande maioria, importados e confeccionados com uma armação de nylon, recoberta com silicone e progesterona. Visando a diminuição dos custos de produção e impacto ambiental, Pimentel (2006) confeccionaram dispositivos vaginais de liberação sustentada de progesterona, empregando uma mistura biopolimérica de PHB (Poli-hidroxibutirato) e PCL (poli-ɛ-caprolactona), para utilização no controle farmacológico do ciclo estral de vacas. No presente trabalho, foi estudado o mecanismo pelo qual, a progesterona é liberada da mistura biopolimérica (PHB46%+PCL46%+P48%). Para o estudo da cinética de liberação de P4 foram utilizados dispositivos (n=21) para experimento in vivo, onde foram introduzidos na cavidade vaginal das vacas e coletados a cada 24 horas durante 7 dias. Para experimentos in vitro foram utilizados 12 dispositivos que foram colocados em dissolutor de comprimidos e foram retirados em triplicata a cada 24 horas por 4 dias. Foi realizado experimento para avaliação da distribuição e quantidade de P4 em dispositivos de duas partidas diferentes em diversos pontos. A cinética de liberação de 4 tipos de dispositivos compostos de PHB+PCL+P4+ IrganoxB215® adicionados ou não de um protetor anti raios ultra violeta ( Tinuvin®) foi avaliada. Foi observado que a cinética de liberação de P4 se comportou de forma diferente entre sistemas in vivo e in vitro; em sistema in vivo foi de forma linear (R2=0,929), sugerindo que a progesterona possa ser liberada de acordo com o mecanismo de ordem zero e in vitro a liberação pode ser explicada pelo modelo matemático de Higuchi (R2=0,99) com o coeficiente de difusão calculado conforme a segunda lei de Fick foi de 2,09 x10-8 (cm2/s). Observou-se que a P4 no dispositivo está distribuída uniformemente (P= 0,519) e que aditivos e diferentes proporções de PHB+PCL não influenciaram a liberação de P4 por um período de 96 horas de testes in vitro. In Brazil, the use of fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) has been growing rapidly since it eliminates the need for estrus detection and induce cyclicity in anestrous cows (MADUREIRA et al., 2004). In most TAI protocols, devices are employed for the sustained release of progesterone (P4) introduced into the vaginal cavity. These devices are mostly imported and made with a nylon frame, covered with silicone and progesterone. Seeking to reduce production costs and environmental impact, Pimentel (2006) crafted devices for the sustained release vaginal progesterone, using a mixture biopolymer PHB (poly-hydroxybutyrate) and PCL (poly-ɛ-caprolactone), for use in pharmacological control estrous cycle of cows. In the present work was to study the mechanism by which the progesterone is released from the mixture biopolymers (PHB46 PCL46% +% +% P48). To study the kinetics of release of P4 device was used (n = 21) for in vivo experiment, where they were introduced into the vaginal cavity of cows and collected every 24 hours for 7 days. For in vitro experiments were used 12 devices were placed in dissolutor tablets and were taken in triplicate every 24 hours for 4 days. Experiment was conducted to assess the distribution and amount of P4 in two matches and different devices on several points. The release kinetics of four types of devices composed of PHB + PCL + P4 + IrganoxB215 ®, added to a protective anti ultraviolet rays (Tinuvin ®) was evaluated. It was observed that the kinetics of release of P4 behaved differently between systems in vivo and in vitro, the in vivo system was linear (R2 = 0.929), suggesting that progesterone may be released according to the mechanism of order zero and in vitro release can be explained by the mathematical model of Higuchi (R2 = 0.99) with the diffusion coefficient calculated according to Fick\'s second law was 2.09 x10-8 (cm2 / s). It was noted that a P4 is evenly distributed on the device (P = 0.519) and additives that different proportions of PHB and PCL + did not influence the release of P4for a period of 96 hours of in vitro tests.

Ethanol stimulates the production of prostaglandins in many species. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of ethanol on the production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and luteolysis in bovine females. In the first experiment, Holstein cows at day 17 of the oestrous cycle were treated with 100% ethanol (0.05 ml/kg of body weight, IV; n = 5), saline (0.05 ml/kg of body weight, IV; n = 4) or synthetic prostaglandin (150 μg of D-cloprostenol/cow, IM; n = 4). The plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM; the main metabolite of PGF2α measured in the peripheral blood) were assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). There was an acute release of PGFM in response to ethanol comparing to other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). However, only cows treated with PGF2α underwent luteolysis. In the second experiment, endometrial explants of cross-bred beef cows (n = 4) slaughtered at day 17 of the oestrous cycle were cultured for 4 h. During the last 3 h, the explants were cultured with medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μl of 100% ethanol/ml. Medium samples were collected at hours 1 and 4 and concentrations of PGF2α were measured by RIA. Ethanol did not induce PGF2α production by the endometrium. In conclusion, ethanol does not cause luteolysis in cows because it stimulates production of PGF2α in extra-endometrial tissues.

The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bathonian Stage is proposed at the base of limestone bed RB071 (bed 23 in Sturani 1967) in the Ravin du Bès Section (43º57’38’’N, 6º18’55’’E), Bas-Auran area, in the Chaudon-Norante commune, around 25 km at the South-Southeast of Digne-les-Bains, in the “Alpes de Haute Provence” French department. The Ravin du Bès Section, as formal candidate GSSP for the base of the Bathonian Stage, satisfies most of the requirements recommended by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS): 1) The exposure extends over 13 m in thickness, comprising more than five metres of fossiliferous levels below and above the boundary. The Bathonian basal bed corresponds to the “Marno-calcaires à Cancellophycus”, is located 7.8 m below the “Terres Noires” Formation and forms part of a transgressive-facies cycle. At the Bajocian-Bathonian transition, no vertical (bio-, ichno- or tapho-) facies changes, stratigraphic gaps or hiatuses have been recorded. There is no evidence of taphonomic condensation (i.e. mixture of fossils of different age or different chronostratigraphic units). Structural complexity, synsedimentary and tectonic disturbances, or important alterations by metamorphism are not relevant constraints in the Bas-Auran area. 2) There is a well-preserved, abundant and diverse fossil record across the boundary interval, with key markers (ammonites and nannofossils) for worldwide correlation of the uppermost Bajocian and Lower Bathonian. The boundary can be characterized by both primary and secondary (auxiliary) biostratigraphic markers. The section appears to be suitable for biostratigraphic study of microfossils, such as foraminifera, but as yet there are no published studies. The base of Bathonian Stage and Zigzag Zone in Bas-Auran corresponds to the first occurrence level of Gonolkites convergens Buckman and the renewal of parkinsonids. This level coincides with the first occurrence of Morphoceras parvum Wetzel. Calcareous nannofossils, as secondary global marker, are present in all beds, enabling documentation of the Bajocian-Bathonian transition. 3) Regional analyses of sequence stratigraphy and manganese chemostratigraphy are available. Spectral gamma-ray data corroborate interpretation of an Early Bathonian deepening half-cycle of second order. No data are currently available for strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr ratio), oxygen isotope (δ18O) or carbon isotope (δ13C) chemostratigraphy. Bajocian and Bathonian deposits have been remagnetized with a steady normal polarity. Volcanogenic deposits suitable for direct radio-isotope dating are not known in the section. 4) The criteria of accessibility, conservation and protection are assured by the “Réserve Naturelle Géologique de Haute Provence”, protected under national law as recognised by UNESCO. The Cabo Mondego Section (Portugal), which provides complementary data on the ammonite succession in the Sub-Mediterranean Parvum Subzone and its chronocorrelation with the Northwest European Convergens Subzone, is suggested as the Bathonian auxiliary section and point (ASP) within this GSSP proposal.

p. 1-146 Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T18:50:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1111A.pdf: 933472 bytes, checksum: 178184c8d9124f9c72f181505bf2071b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T16:50:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1111A.pdf: 933472 bytes, checksum: 178184c8d9124f9c72f181505bf2071b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T16:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1111A.pdf: 933472 bytes, checksum: 178184c8d9124f9c72f181505bf2071b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 A importância das relações do homem com o meio ambiente e seus impactos na saúde da população levou o Ministério da Saúde a estruturar a vigilância em saúde ambiental no Brasil, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Ela vem sendo operacionalizada por meio do Subsistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental (SINVSA). Com objetivo de contribuir para o fortalecimento deste subsistema, o presente estudo se propôs a elaborar um modelo lógico do SINVSA baseado na experiência profissional da própria autora e em uma análise crítica da percepção de seus gestores federais quanto à concepção e operacionalização da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental no SUS. Para tanto se realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória descritiva. Os dados foram coletados mediante análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 11 informantes-chave provenientes da Coordenação Geral de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, a quem compete a gestão federal do SINVSA. Após sistematização dos dados coletados referentes a percepção dos informantes procedeu-se a análise do material usando-se a técnica de análise de discurso, cujas categorias analíticas constituíram-se na práxis e concepção. Estas categorias foram operacionalizadas em diversas dimensões, que expressavam a percepção dos gestores do Subsistema quanto sua concepção e operacionalização, servindo de base à elaboração do modelo lógico proposto, o qual foi denominado modelo lógico condutor do SINVSA. Além disso, foi possível descrever a construção da vigilância em saúde ambiental no Brasil e seu contexto sócio-histórico. Salvador

The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bathonian Stage is proposed at the base of limestone bed RB071 (bed 23 in Sturani 1967) in the Ravin du Bès Section (43º57’38’’N, 6º18’55’’E), Bas-Auran area, in the Chaudon-Norante commune, around 25 km at the South-Southeast of Digne-les-Bains, in the “Alpes de Haute Provence” French department. The Ravin du Bès Section, as formal candidate GSSP for the base of the Bathonian Stage, satisfies most of the requirements recommended by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS): 1) The exposure extends over 13 m in thickness, comprising more than five metres of fossiliferous levels below and above the boundary. The Bathonian basal bed corresponds to the “Marno-calcaires à Cancellophycus”, is located 7.8 m below the “Terres Noires” Formation and forms part of a transgressive-facies cycle. At the Bajocian-Bathonian transition, no vertical (bio-, ichno- or tapho-) facies changes, stratigraphic gaps or hiatuses have been recorded. There is no evidence of taphonomic condensation (i.e. mixture of fossils of different age or different chronostratigraphic units). Structural complexity, synsedimentary and tectonic disturbances, or important alterations by metamorphism are not relevant constraints in the Bas-Auran area. 2) There is a well-preserved, abundant and diverse fossil record across the boundary interval, with key markers (ammonites and nannofossils) for worldwide correlation of the uppermost Bajocian and Lower Bathonian. The boundary can be characterized by both primary and secondary (auxiliary) biostratigraphic markers. The section appears to be suitable for biostratigraphic study of microfossils, such as foraminifera, but as yet there are no published studies. The base of Bathonian Stage and Zigzag Zone in Bas-Auran corresponds to the renewal of parkinsonids and the first occurrence level of Gonolkites convergens Buckman. This level coincides with the first occurrence of Morphoceras parvum Wetzel. Calcareous nannofossils, as secondary global marker, are present in all beds and allow characterizing the Bajocian-Bathonian transition. 3) Regional analyses of sequence stratigraphy and manganese chemostratigraphy are available. Spectral gamma-ray data corroborate an Early Bathonian deepening half-cycle of second order. No data are currently available for strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr ratio), oxygen isotope (δ18O) or carbon isotope (δ13C) chemostratigraphy. Bajocian and Bathonian deposits have been remagnetized with a steady normal polarity. Volcanogenic deposits suitable for direct radio-isotope dating are not known in the section. 4) The criteria of accessibility, conservation and protection are assured by the “Réserve Naturelle Géologique de Haute Provence”, protected under national law as recognised by UNESCO. The Cabo Mondego Section (Portugal), which provides complementary data of the ammonite succession at the Sub-Mediterranean Parvum Subzone and its chronocorrelation with the Northwest European Convergens Subzone, is suggested as the Bathonian auxiliary section and point (ASP) within this GSSP proposal.

Estágio realizado na Alquímica - Química Industrial Lda Relatório de estágio curricular da LEQ 2000/2001

Preservational features of ammonites recorded in the Lower Pliensbachian lumpy limestones of the Lusitanian Basin confirm the deep marine origin previously established for this facies. These deposits can be subdivided into three main taphofacies which are distinguished by preservational ammonite features: 1) lumpy limestones and marly intervals with reelaborated ammonites, 2) laminated marls and bituminous shales with accumulated ammonites, and 3) homogeneous limestones with resedimented ammonites. The background sedimentation of suboxic (dysaerobic, bioturbated lumpy muds; taphofacies 1) to anoxic conditions (anaerobic, laminated muds; taphofacies 2) on deep zone was interrupted by depositional events related to distal gravity flows (taphofacies 3). Lumpy limestones containing reelaborated ammonites, and showing gradational boundaries and inverse grading developed in deep environments due to sedimentary starving. The stratigraphic intervals of taphofacies 1 represent the lowest values of sedimentation and accumulation rates. Taphofacies of type 1 alternate with taphofacies of type 2 composing stratigraphic cycles of metric order. Such cycles resulted from cyclical environmental changes of hundreds of thousands of years. Deepening episodes of 4th-order led to the development of dysaerobic to anaerobic environments, whilst subsequent shallowing episodes increased the levels of bottom oxygenation.