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Summary This article investigates lived experiences of participation in a training programme entitled ‘Singing as a Tool for Community Building in Changing Societies’, facilitated by Musicians Without Borders (MWB) and coordinated in partnership with the Health Research Institute PART-IM (Participatory and Arts-Based Methods for Involving Migrants in Health Research) research cluster at the University of Limerick. The aim of this qualitative study is to enhance understanding of participant experience regarding programme delivery, skill acquisition and community building. The research methodology uses an ethnographic framework. Data collection approaches included participant observation, author fieldnotes, individual semi-structured interviews, and an anonymous, post-training, feedback questionnaire. Thematic analysis of the data resulted in three key themes: the importance of expert facilitation; culturally aware contextualizing and conceptualizing of singing; and professional, whole-person support. These themes were cross-referenced against the research categories of delivery, skill and community building. The findings propose the importance of experienced, expert facilitators, contextualized understandings of diverse artistic traditions delivered by a culturally diverse team, and attention to the whole-person needs of both facilitators and participants. This research enhances understanding of participant experiences of arts-based training programmes in singing and the potential application of this learning for using singing as an arts-based research (ABR) method in migrant health research.

The Irish World Music Café was created in 2015 in Limerick, Ireland, in the context of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme. The Café is grounded in the four ‘PERC’ principles of participatory, ethical, reflexive and creative engagement. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Café moved online on World Refugee Day 2020 with two additional online Cafés thereafter. In January 2021, a review of participation in the Café commenced to guide the decision-making processes regarding content, format and mode of engagement for the immediate and long-term future. The review was qualitative, comprising ten ethnographic interviews and author fieldnotes. Data generated were interpreted using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified through this process: enablers, activities and experiences. It concludes with the proposal that the expanded temporal, spatial and relational opportunities created through the online environment correlate with reduced opportunities for kinaesthetic-tactile embodied experiences. Understanding the dynamic relationship between planes of lived experience is important in the future development of the Café.

Objectives Only a fraction of youth meet established targets for glycemic control; many experience deteriorating control over time. We compared trajectories of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among youth from three trans-continental type 1 diabetes (T1D) registries and identified clinical variables associated with the odds of following increasing vs stable trajectories. Research design and methods Analyses included longitudinal data from 15 897 individuals age 8 to 18 with T1D for at least 2 years and HbA1c measurements in at least 5 years during the observation period. Cohorts were selected from Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN; Australia), German/Austrian/Luxembourgian Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation initiative (DPV; Germany/Austria/Luxembourga), and the T1D Exchange Clinic Network (T1DX; US) clinic registries. Group-based trajectory modeling and multivariable logistic regression identified unique HbA1c trajectories and their predictors. Results Five heterogeneous trajectories of glycemic control in each registry were identified: low, intermediate, high stable; intermediate and high increasing. The overall HbA1c level for each trajectory group tended to be lowest in the DPV, higher in the ADDN, and highest in the T1DX. The absolute level of HbA1c and the proportion of individuals within each trajectory varied across registries: 17% to 22% of individuals followed an increasing trajectory. Compared with maintaining a stable trajectory, following an increasing trajectory was significantly associated with ethnic minority status, lower height z-score, higher BMI z-score, insulin injection therapy, and the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia; however, these factors were not consistent across the three registries. Conclusions We report the first multinational registry-based comparison of glycemic control trajectories among youth with T1D from three continents and identify possible targets for intervention in those at risk of an increasing HbA1c trajectory.

OBJECTIVES Distinct hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories during puberty are identified in youth with established type 1 diabetes (T1D). We used data from 3 international registries to evaluate whether distinct HbA1c trajectories occur from T1D onset. METHODS Participants were RESULTS Five distinct trajectories occurred in all 3 registries, with similar patterns of proportions by group. More than 50% had stable HbA1c categorized as being either low stable or intermediate stable. Conversely, ∼15% in each registry were characterized by stable HbA1c >8.0% (high stable), and ∼11% had values that began at or near the target but then increased (target increase). Only ∼5% of youth were above the target from diagnosis, with an increasing HbA1c trajectory over time (high increase). This group differed from others, with higher rates of minority status and an older age at diagnosis across all 3 registries (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Similar postdiagnostic HbA1c patterns were observed across 3 international registries. Identifying the youth at the greatest risk for deterioration in HbA1c over time may allow clinicians to intervene early, and more aggressively, to avert increasing HbA1c.

Distinct HbA1c trajectories have previously been identified in youth with established T1D. We used data from 3 international registries to evaluate whether distinct HbA1c trajectories occur from T1D onset. Participants were 8.0%, and ∼11% had values that began in or near target but then increased. Only ∼5% of youth were suboptimal from diagnosis with an increasing HbA1c. This group differed from others with higher rates of minority status and older age at diagnosis across all 3 registries (p≤0.001). We observed similar post-diagnostic HbA1c patterns across 3 international registries. Identifying youth at greatest risk for deterioration in HbA1c over time may allow clinicians to intervene early to avert increasing HbA1c. Disclosure J. Sherr: Advisory Panel; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical, Cecelia Health. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi, T1D Exchange. A. Schwandt: None. H. Phelan: None. M.A. Clements: Consultant; Self; Glooko, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Glooko, Inc. R.W. Holl: None. P.Z. Benitez-Aguirre: None. K. Miller: None. J. Woelfle: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. T. Dover: None. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical, Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care. E. Fröhlich-Reiterer: None. M.E. Craig: None. Funding German Centre for Diabetes Research (FKZ82DZD01402); German Diabetes Association; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes; INNODIA; The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust

Homelessness is on the rise in the UK and, over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of emergency department (ED) attendances and admissions by homeless people. Those attending the ED will often have multiple unmet health, housing and social care needs. While it is not possible to meet all these needs in the ED, emergency nurses should be equipped with the knowledge and skills required to communicate with, refer and signpost patients who are homeless. Under the Homelessness Reduction Act 2017, ED staff have a duty to refer homeless people, with their consent, to local authorities for assistance. This article details the barriers that homeless people may experience when accessing healthcare services and explains how these can be addressed. It also outlines the actions that emergency nurses can take to improve the care of homeless people in the ED at an individual and a systems level.

RECOMMENDATIONS/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Education is the key to successful management of diabetes [E]. To maximize the effectiveness of diabetes treatment and the advances in diabetes management and technology (especially insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring) it is advisable that quality assured structured education is available to all young people with diabetes and their carers [E]. The content and delivery of structured education needs regular review to ensure it suits the needs of people with diabetes in that community, matches local practice, and reflects changes in diabetes management and technology [E]. Evaluation of structured educational programs should include measurement of outcomes directly related to diabetes education such as the patient's achievement of self‐selected diabetes‐care goals, improved psychosocial adaptation and enhanced self‐efficacy, in addition to measures of glycemic control [E]. There is evidence that educational interventions in childhood and adolescent diabetes have a beneficial effect on glycemic and psychosocial outcomes [A]. Educational interventions shown to be effective include those: based on clear theoretical psychoeducational principles [E] integrated into routine clinical care (eg, as an essential integral part of intensive insulin management) [A] referred to as an ongoing process of provision of individualized self‐management and psychosocial support [E] involving the continuing responsibility of parents and other carers throughout adolescence [B] making use of cognitive behavioral techniques most often related to problem solving, goal setting, communication skills, motivational interviewing, family conflict resolution, coping skills, and stress management [A] utilizing new technologies in diabetes care as one of the vehicles for educational motivation [A] Health care professionals require appropriate specialized training in the principles and practice of teaching and education to implement successfully behavioral approaches to education designed to empower young people and carers in promoting self‐management [E]. An interdisciplinary education team sharing the same philosophy and goals and speaking “with one voice” has beneficial effects on metabolic and psychosocial outcomes [B]. It is important that goals and targets for blood glucose and HbA1c align with those of ISPAD. A major task during the first 2 weeks after diagnosis of diabetes is to get the family to agree to encompass the same targets. [E] Mobile and web‐based applications can be useful tools for diabetes self‐management education to improve diabetes management. [E] Interactive web‐based educational resources designed by diabetes‐related device manufacturing companies are widely used for device‐specific patient training and education. [E] Telemedicine, if available, offers an alternative method to face‐to‐face diabetes review for people who live in remote areas and do not have access to professional counseling and diabetes education resources locally. [B] Diabetes peers and/or diabetes youth leaders can reinforce the principles of living well with diabetes and support the families learning especially in the resource limited setting. [E]

BACKGROUND Young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) present unique challenges for intensive diabetes management. We describe an intensive diabetes program adapted for young children and compare glycemic control, anthropometry, dietary practices and insulin regimens before and after implementation. METHODS Cross sectional data from children with T1D aged ≥0.5 to

Background BMI fluctuations during puberty are common. Data on individual change in BMI from childhood to young adulthood are limited in youth with type 1 diabetes. Objectives To compare longitudinal trajectories of body mass index z score (BMIz) from childhood to adolescence across three registries spanning five countries. Methods Data sources: T1DX (USA), DPV (Germany/Austria/Luxembourg) and ADDN (Australia). The analysis included 11,513 youth with type 1 diabetes, duration >1 year, at least one BMI measure at baseline (age 8-10 years) and >5 aggregated BMI measures by year of age during follow-up until age 17 years. BMIz was calculated based on WHO charts. Latent class growth modelling was used to identify subgroups following a similar trajectory of BMIz over time. Results Five distinct trajectories of BMIz were present in the T1DX and ADDN cohorts, while six trajectories were identified in the DPV cohort. Boys followed more often a low/near-normal pattern while elevated BMIz curves were more likely in girls (ADDN; DPV). For T1DX cohort, no sex differences were observed. Comparing the reference group (BMIz ~0) with the other groups during puberty, higher BMIz was significantly associated with older age at T1D onset, racial/ethnic minority and elevated HbA1c (all p Conclusion This multinational study presents unique BMIz trajectories in youth with T1D across three continents. The prevalence of overweight and the longitudinal persistence of overweight support the need for close monitoring of weight and nutrition in this population. The international and individual differences likely result from diverse genetic, environmental and therapeutic factors.

Australasia is a region with a high incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). There are approximately 140 000 individuals with T1D, and of these 10 000 are children. Although the region covers a huge geographical area, most children with T1D are managed by tertiary academic centers in the major capital cities. Local longitudinal data collection has been in place for several decades in most of these centers, however ongoing national data collection had not been attempted. In 2012, with funding from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Australian Type 1 Clinical Research Network, a national collaboration was formed to provide ongoing longitudinal collection of T1D patient characteristics and outcomes. The initial phase of this collaboration, known as the Australasian Diabetes Data Network or ADDN, was led by the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) and thus included only children and adolescents. The next phase, commenced in 2016, will see adult sites added through collaboration with the Australian Diabetes Society (ADS). As most of the initial centers had longitudinal data collection in place the model employed was to establish the transfer and collation of data already collected into a central database. This required the definition of a common data dictionary, ethics and governance procedures and the employment of technology to enable efficient and accurate information transfer and accessibility. The ADDN project received widespread support from the diabetes research community with study investigators representing 20 pediatric centers across the region. The first phase focused on the 5 largest centers and at the end of 2015 these centers were uploading patient data to the ADDN database on a quarterly basis resulting in 5271 patients with 83 506 diabetes visits.

Obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has emerged as a challenge in care. Data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN), Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) in Austria and Germany, and T1D Exchange (T1DX) registry in the U.S. were compared to assess international differences in BMI z-score trajectories in youth with T1D. Longitudinal data from 11,513 participants between ages 8-17 years with T1D duration ≥1 year. and ≥5 aggregated body mass index (BMI) values (ADDN: N=1073, 46% female, mean HbA1c 8.3%; DPV: N=8722, 46% female, mean HbA1c 7.8%; T1DX: N=1718, 45% female, mean HbA1c 8.6%) were analyzed. Participants diagnosed with celiac and/or thyroid disease were excluded. Latent class growth modeling by Nagin was used to identify subgroups following similar BMI z-score trajectories. Five distinct trajectories were identified in ADDN and T1DX participants, and six in DPV (Figure). In all registries most participants in ADDN and T1DX maintained weight status over time. However, obese (BMI z-score ≥2) participants from ADDN achieved weight loss over time, compared to obese participants in T1DX, whose BMI SD increased during the teen years. In DPV, there were trajectories indicating dramatic weight gain/loss during puberty. Further analysis by sex and minority status will help to understand the within-registry and between-registry variation and may help target clinical interventions to achieve healthy weight in youth with T1D. Disclosure M. Wu: None. H. Phelan: None. A. Schwandt: None. N.C. Foster: None. J. Couper: None. C. Steigleder-Schweiger: None. S.M. Willi: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Other Relationship; Self; Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.. Consultant; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc., JAEB Center For Health Research. T. Jones: None. P. Kroschwald: None. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Bigfoot Biomedical, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. N. Prinz: None. M.E. Craig: None.

Objective Retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can guide insulin pump adjustments, however, interpretation of data and recommending new pump settings is complex and subjective. We aimed to compare the safety and glycaemic profiles of children after their diabetologist or a novel algorithm (PumpTune) adjusted their insulin pump settings. Research design and methods In a randomized cross-over trial of 22 patients aged 6–14 yr with type 1 diabetes with mean Hba1c 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) using CSII, CGM was used over two periods each of 6.5 d to assess percentage time glucose remained within, above and below 3.9–10.0 mmol/L. Before the start of one period pump settings were adjusted by the patient's diabetologist, and before the other insulin pump settings were adjusted by PumpTune. Results A total of 63.4% of the sensor glucose levels were within target range with PumpTune settings and 57.4% were within range with the clinician settings (p = 0.016). The time spent above target range with PumpTune was 26.9% and with clinician settings was 33.5% (p = 0.021). The time spent below target range with PumpTune was 9.7% and with clinician settings was 9.2% (p = 0.77). The mean number of times when a sensor glucose level

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence rates of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) vary from 1.6% to 16.4% worldwide. Screening guidelines are variable and not evidence based. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of CD in T1D. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies were limited to those in English and in humans. We selected longitudinal cohort studies screening for CD in T1D with at least 5 years of follow-up. Screening rates, characteristics, and prevalence of biopsy-proven CD in people with T1D were extracted. RESULTS: We identified 457 nonduplicate citations; 48 were selected for full-text review. Nine longitudinal cohort studies in 11 157 children and adolescents with 587 cases of biopsy-proven CD met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 10 years (range: 5–18 years). The weighted pooled prevalence of CD was 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 3.1–7.4%). After excluding 41 cases with CD onset before T1D, CD was diagnosed in 218 of 546 (40%) subjects within 1 year, in 55% within 2 years, and in 79% within 5 years of diabetes duration. Two studies (478 cases) reported higher rates of CD in children aged CONCLUSIONS: Because most cases of CD are diagnosed within 5 years of T1D diagnosis, screening should be considered at T1D diagnosis and within 2 and 5 years thereafter. CD screening should be considered at other times in patients with symptoms suggestive of CD. More research is required to determine the screening frequency beyond 5 years of diabetes duration.

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Chapter 4 explores the introduction of Ronald Grimes’s ritual laboratory as a pedagogical tool in the teaching of a ritual song module within the context of a Master’s in Ritual Chant and Song at the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance. An examination of feedback and correspondence on the lab from students over the last decade and a half supports a view of the lab as a space of welcome, hospitality, and belonging. A central aspect of singing, explored in the lab, is its relationship with temporality. It suggests that it is the ability of music to collapse the clear boundaries between time and space that makes singing (particularly in ritual contexts) so successful in facilitating a sense of belonging.

The conclusion summarizes the characteristics of ritual singing that facilitate a sense of belonging as they have been proposed throughout this book. These include aspects of resonance, somatics, performance, temporality, and tacitness. These five characteristics point toward three important ways in which ritually framed singing is well positioned to promote a sense of belonging. Singing plays an important role in helping us structure experience. It has an essentially relational character. As a performed activity, singing also has agency. The ethnographic studies of religious, educational, community, and civic rituals presented throughout the book highlight ways in which the changing religious and cultural landscape of Ireland is being negotiated and transformed through sung ritual practices. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the “weakness” of singing, proposing that it is this very characteristic that allows it to function so hospitably in experiences of fragility, vulnerability, and change.

Chapter 3 introduces the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance and its emergence as a key site of cultural debate and performance in the 1990s. It explores ways in which mythology, symbol, and ritual are constantly evoked within the Academy to reinforce, contest, and perform its core values of inclusivity, creativity, and respect for diversity. It examines the impact of practice theory on understandings of performance. Practice theory and performance studies have helped singers, dancers, and musicians recast their activities, not as passive “inscriptions” onto their bodies in socially structured rituals, but as active, intelligent practices, influencing social and cultural space through performance. It suggests that the Academy continuously ritualizes and performs its ethos of creative belonging.

Chapter 2 explores the act of singing through the lens of culturally specific repertoires. The emphasis on repertoire in ritual contexts often leads to an ideologically driven understanding of the role of singing. Focusing on the body as the instrument of the singer through a theoretical engagement with somatics is proposed as a useful counter to the appropriation of sung repertoire for ideological positioning. An examination of an Easter Triduum liturgy in contemporary Limerick, as well as a historical exploration of the role of chant in the modern liturgical movement, leads to a proposal that a “both/and” approach to repertoire through an emphasis on the singer (embodied experience) rather than the song (repertoire) enables experiences of inclusivity.

Chapter 5 examines three community-based rituals. The discussion of a community music festival focuses on a choir called Comhcheol, the Irish-language word for “harmony.” Comhcheol was formed by a group of women from the asylum-seeking and traveller communities. World Carnival is an annual event based in the most multicultural primary school in Limerick city. Anáil Dé/The Breath of God is a festival of world sacred music. The essentially relational and communicative nature of singing in these events is highlighted through a discussion of tacitness. The kinesthetic and emotive properties of singing are shown to increase opportunities for self-definition, as well as social integration through tacit communication.

This chapter introduces the core theme of the book: an exploration of the singing voice in ritual contexts and its potential role in facilitating experiences of belonging. Set against the backdrop of “the new Ireland” of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, it charts Ireland’s growing multiculturalism, changing patterns of migration, the diminishing influence of Catholicism, and synergies between local and global forms of cultural expression in its investigation of rights and rites of belonging. It introduces the structure of the book, with each chapter exploring a range of religious, educational, civic, and community-based rituals, as well as theoretical engagement with one of five core characteristic of singing: resonance, somatics, performance, temporality, and tacitness. This weave of somatically and ethnographically grounded experience with theoretical discourse proposes ritually framed singing as a key site for the negotiation and performance of belonging.

Chapter 1 commences with a discussion of the changing cultural and social landscape of Ireland at the turn of the century, particularly in the context of religion and migration. It explores two ritual case studies based on fieldwork with a Russian Orthodox and Nigerian Pentecostal ritual community in Limerick city, Ireland. It looks at the characteristic of resonance through an examination of the relationship between sound and space. In the face of ritual “absences” often experienced by migrant communities unable to ritualize in their own space or with ritually specific artifacts or vestments, singing is shown to exhibit a compensatory ritual “authority.” Through the metaphor of pilgrimage, it examines how new migrant communities are contributing to a reimagining of traditional Irish Catholicism as a more inclusive space of belonging.

AbstactAim Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of Type 1 diabetes. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate testing is now widely available as an alternative to urine acetoacetate testing for detecting ketosis. The aim of this study was to review the effectiveness of capillary or serum β-hydroxybutyrate compared with urine acetoacetate testing in prevention and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL (until April 2012, no language restrictions, studies in humans) were searched for experimental and observational studies comparing the effectiveness of blood β-hydroxybutyrate and urine acetoacetate testing. Outcomes examined were prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis, time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, healthcare costs and patient or caregiver satisfaction. Additional sources included reference lists, conference proceedings and contact with experts in the field. Results Four studies (two randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies) met eligibility criteria, including 299 participants across 11 centres. Risk of bias was low to moderate. Blood ketone testing compared with urine testing was associated with reduced frequency of hospitalization (one study), reduced time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis (three studies), cost benefits (one study) and greater satisfaction (one study, intervention group only). No study assessed prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis. Meta-analysis could not be performed because of heterogeneity in study design and published data. Conclusions There is evidence suggesting that blood β-hydroxybutyrate testing is more effective than urine acetoacetate testing in reducing emergency department assessment, hospitalization and time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as potentially lowering healthcare expenditure. Further research in both young people and adults is needed.

Aims To review the incidence and evidence for screening for thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction in Type 1 diabetes. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria were prospective cohort studies screening for thyroid autoimmunity and/or dysfunction (defined as an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone level) in Type 1 diabetes. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy and thyroid dysfunction before diabetes onset. Outcomes examined were: incidence of thyroid autoimmunity and/or dysfunction; association between thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction; and cost-effectiveness. Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, manual searching and contact with authors, with limitations to English language and human studies. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. Results We identified 14 eligible studies, involving 2972 young people and 789 adults with Type 1 diabetes. Follow-up ranged from 1–18 years. None of the studies were of good methodological quality (Newcastle Ottowa Scale score > 7). The incidence of thyroid dysfunction (11 studies) ranged from 27 (95% CI 15–45) to 246 (95% CI 118–453) per 10 000 patient-years and thyroid autoimmunity (four studies) from 13 (95% CI 0.3–71) to 326 (95% CI 194–510). The risk of thyroid dysfunction was higher in those with thyroid autoimmunity: summary risk ratio 25 (95% CI 9–71) and was higher in children (49, 95% CI 16–150) compared with adults (7, 95% CI 3–13). No studies examined cost-effectiveness of screening. Conclusions There is a markedly increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in people with Type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoimmunity. The optimal method or frequency of screening could not be determined from available data. Future studies should examine whether screening improves clinical outcomes in this population.

The stranger, or the foreigner, is a familiar figure in Western literature, philosophy, and theology. The turn of the millennium from the 20th to the 21st century has re-cast the concept of the stranger against a backdrop of global migration, unprecedented in its scope and character. Philosophy, psychoanalysis and literary criticism have all re-engaged in what is increasingly acknowledged as one of the seminal challenges to contemporary political, social and ethical human organization. One of the concepts rehabilitated in this most recent engagement is the concept of hospitality, including absolute hospitality.Through an exploration of some key contemporary approaches to our understanding of the human phenomenon of music-making, as well as a case study of a particular musical happening in Limerick, Ireland, involving a group of women from the Travelling and asylum seeking communities, this paper attempts the postulation that music is a potential medium through which absolute hospitality can be glimpsed and, on occasion, realized.

This article explores the impact of human migration on the formation, negotiation, and contestation of community and music. In particular, it examines migration patterns in the Republic of Ireland. The first section provides a context for contemporary migration by surveying migration patterns over the last thirty years. The second section explores the impact of migration on community and introduces the concept of sonic hospitality. The final section examines the links between migration and knowledge transfer, with particular reference to tacit, embodied knowledge and its implications for teaching and learning in a multicultural context.