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Contexto: Desde 2008, casos da Doença de Haff foram detectados por meio de surtos pontuais investigados no norte e nordeste do país, mas sem identificação do agente e/ou fatores de risco para o adoecimento até o momento. O presente trabalho visou sistematizar a distribuição e o conhecimento da doença na população humana brasileira, disposto a contribuir com propostas de pesquisas ambientais e epidemiológicas no contexto da saúde única para a identificação dos fatores de risco até o adoecimento da população. Desenvolvimento: Realizou-se revisão com palavra-chave “Doença de Haff” em português, espanhol, inglês e francês em plataformas de pesquisas em saúde e ambiente, sem delimitação de período, mas com exclusão das literaturas que não abordavam casos da doença no Brasil no título e nas palavras-chave. As 37 informações de interesse foram coletadas dos artigos selecionados por meio de formulário online semiestruturado e analisado de forma qualitativa. Resultados: Dos 57 artigos elegíveis, seis abordaram casos no Brasil. Dos 162 prováveis casos, os maiores registros foram nos estados da Bahia (51) e Amazonas (25), de 2008 a 2021, os casos em ambientes marinhos iniciaram-se em outubro, enquanto os casos no Amazonas, em junho. Espécies de peixes marinhos e dulcícolas foram relacionados à doença com sintomas iniciados em até 24 horas após o consumo dos peixes com duas hipóteses consideradas para possível confirmação do agente etiológico e/ou fatores de risco para os adoecimentos observados. Com os dados obtidos, é possível delimitar pesquisas para territórios específicos, contemplando o conceito e a abordagem de saúde única.

Contexto: O suicídio é um fenômeno social complexo, multifacetado e um indicador indireto do estado de saúde de uma população. A ligação entre suicídios e ocupações é uma questão antiga na literatura científica. O trabalho é fundamental para entender o processo de produção do espaço e do território, pois é por meio dele que o homem constrói suas relações sociais. O trabalho teve como objetivo subsidiar a reflexão sobre a construção social do suicídio como um problema de saúde pública, interpretando-o a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Metodologia: Realizou-se revisão narrativa de literatura, em busca de aportes teóricos sobre o suicídio na ciência geográfica e na psicanálise. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram as implicações da precarização das relações de trabalho na saúde mental. O resgate de estudos em Geografia sobre o tema reforçou que o espaço geográfico desempenha um papel importante na compreensão da dinâmica social, pois reflete as vulnerabilidades que podem desencadear sofrimento psíquico e, em casos extremos, levar a atos suicidas. Diante da multifatorialidade do suicídio, estudos mais verticalizados são necessários para compreender de forma holística as relações entre o contexto ocupacional, o espaço geográfico e a saúde mental, para que políticas públicas sejam alinhadas para a promoção de relações de trabalhos mais dignas.

Summary: Background: Brazil has been severely impacted by COVID-19 pandemics that is aggravated by the absence of a scientifically-driven coordinated informative campaign and the interference in public health management, which ultimately affected health measures to avoid SARS-CoV2 spread. The decentralization and resultant conflicts in disease control activities produced different protection behaviours and local government measures. In the present study, we investigated how political partisanship and socio-economic factors determined the outcome of COVID-19 at the local level in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 deaths was carried out using mortality databases between Feb 2020, and Jun 2021 for the 5570 Brazilian municipalities. Socio-economic parameters including city categories, income and inequality indexes, health service quality and partisanship, assessed by the result of the second round of the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, were included. Regression tree analysis was carried out to identify the statistical significance and conditioning relationships of variables. Findings: Municipalities that supported then-candidate Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 elections were those that had the worst COVID-19 mortality rates, mainly during the second epidemic wave of 2021. This pattern was observed even considering structural inequalities among cities. Interpretation: In general, the first phase of the pandemic hit large and central cities hardest, while the second wave mostly impacted Bolsonarian municipalities, where scientific denialism among the population was stronger. Negative effects of partisanship towards the right-wing on COVID-19 outcomes counterbalances favourable socioeconomic indexes in affluent Brazilian cities. Our results underscore the fragility of public health policies which were undermined by the scientific denialism of right-wing supporters in Brazil. Funding: International joint laboratories of Institute de Recherche pour le Développement, a partnership between the University of Brasília and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (LMI-Sentinela - UnB - Fiocruz - IRD), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

A Poliomielite foi eliminada no Brasil, desde a década de 90, atribuído ao sucesso das campanhas de vacinação no país, tendo o último caso registrado em 1989. Porém uma baixa cobertura vacinal é um dos fatores de alerta, para a volta da circulação do vírus selvagem no país e das sequelas permanentes provocadas pelo vírus, exigindo assim um monitoramento contínuo no território. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial da cobertura vacinal (CV) da poliomielite na região Nordeste do Brasil em 2020 quanto a meta de CV ≥ 95%. Os dados públicos do indicador da Taxa de CV foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações no site do DATASUS. Os resultados até o momento da extração mostram a Região Nordeste com cobertura de 71,8% inferior à meta, sendo a menor taxa de CV registrada, no estado do Maranhão (60,1%) e a maior, no Ceará (86,9%). O Estado do Maranhão, também apresentou um maior número de municípios em situação crítica (23,5%),) com cobertura vacinal ≤ 50%. Os dados espaciais mostram uma tendencia de agrupamento de municípios com alta cobertura vacinal em alguns estados da região, porém não altera a conclusão de que em 2020 a população menor de um ano esteve em situação de vulnerabilidade quanto a reintrodução do vírus selvagem na maior parte dos municípios dos estados dessa região e nos demais estados brasileiros.

Contexto: a geografia da saúde é uma área de pesquisa que se torna cada dia mais importante, especialmente no Brasil onde a presença de um sistema único de saúde é tema de muitas pesquisas. De modo a conhecer a abrangência do ensino de Geografia e Saúde nos cursos de geografia, foi realizado um estudo para avaliar a disponibilidade de disciplinas sobre essa temática nas universidades públicas brasileiras. Para tal, foi elaborado e enviado aos coordenadores dos cursos de geografia um questionário online e foi realizada entrevistas abertas com professores da área da saúde sobre a utilização da geografia em suas aulas. Resultados: apenas cerca de um terço dos cursos possuem uma disciplina na temática de geografia da saúde, e elas tendem a ser de caráter optativo e não possuir oferta frequente. Além disso, professores da área de saúde afirmaram que utilizam técnicas e saberes de geografia da saúde, mas não conheciam essa temática de pesquisa, pelo menos não por esse nome. Conclusões: apensar do aumento de estudos nessa temática ainda há uma importante lacuna no ensino da geografia da saúde no Brasil, provavelmente devido abaixa institucionalização e divulgação dessa temática. Portanto, recomenda-se um esforço na divulgação e institucionalização dessa temática a partir da oferta de disciplinas e ações de interação da geográfica com cursos da área da saúde.

Resumo: A criação das áreas protegidas é considerada como a principal estratégia para preservação e conservação do patrimônio natural e cultural do planeta (Diegues, 2000). Entretanto, Hockings et al. (2006) afirmam que, para alcançar tais objetivos, faz-se necessário efetivar e avançar com o gerenciamento e a administração dessas áreas protegidas. Nesse cenário surgem metodologias e procedimentos técnicos que visam subsidiar o planejamento e a tomada de decisão, ganhando cada vez mais espaço na implementação e na efetivação de políticas públicas, relacionadas à temática socioeconômica e ambiental. Desse modo, o presente estudo analisa as complexidades e os desafios de se implementar áreas protegidas, bem como se busca debater sobre as principais formas e definições conceituais da efetividade das APs e diferentes abordagens sobre a temática. Visa-se dessa forma avançar nas discussões metodológicas de avaliação do nível de efetividade e vulnerabilidade socioambiental desses territórios protegidos, de modo que seja possível analisar a inter-relação das variáveis de forma agregada e transversal.

Nas últimas duas décadas surgiram metodologias e procedimentos técnicos, que visam avaliar o nível de efetividade das áreas protegidas, com o intuito de identificar a real capacidade dessas áreas em planejar e implementar políticas públicas, relacionadas a temática socioeconômica e ambiental. Nesse contexto o presente estudo, surge com a finalidade de analisar as metodologias (WWF (1999), Padovan (2003), Ervin (2003), Stolton et al. (2007), Marinelli (2011) e ICMBIO/WWF (2017), aplicadas e adaptadas à realidade brasileira, considerando estrutura metodológica, aplicação, vantagens e limitações. Dessa forma, intenciona-se avançar nas discussões metodológicas propostas e analisar o seu nível de contribuição para com o planejamento e gestão dessas áreas protegidas.

Abstract: Sustainable Use Units have been carrying out sustainable management since the 1990s in the State of Amazonas, leading to research on the influence of management plans on restoring ecosystems. We developed an integrative review and analyzed official documents, data from the Brazilian government and information obtained from fishermen on the Unini River Extractive Reserve. The review articles were analyzed qualitatively, and a X2 test was used to verify differences in the distribution of proportions of pirarucu between the years after implementing the management. The management plan was the most cited as a solution to the environmental, social, and economic problems identified in the ecosystems. The data showed an increase in the numbers of pirarucu both in State of Amazonas and in the Unini River Reserve, reinforcing the perception of the community and fishermen. This suggests that when management plans are developed with the involvement of the local community, they present potential to restore ecosystems.

Timely and accurate forecasts of dengue cases are of great importance for guiding disease prevention strategies, but still face challenges from (1) time-effectiveness due to time-consuming satellite data downloading and processing, (2) weak spatial representation capability due to data dependence on administrative unit-based statistics or weather station-based observations, and (3) stagnant accuracy without the application of historical case information. Geospatial big data, cloud computing platforms (e.g., Google Earth Engine, GEE), and emerging deep learning algorithms (e.g., long short term memory, LSTM) provide new opportunities for advancing these efforts. Here, we focused on the dengue epidemics in the urban agglomeration of the Federal District of Brazil (FDB) during 2007–2019. A new framework was proposed using geospatial big data analysis in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and long short term memory (LSTM) modeling for dengue case forecasts over an epidemiological week basis. We first defined a buffer zone around an impervious area as the main area of dengue transmission by considering the impervious area as a human-dominated area and used the maximum distance of the flight range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as a buffer distance. Those zones were used as units for further attribution analyses of dengue epidemics by aggregating the pixel values into the zones. The near weekly composite of potential driving factors was generated in GEE using the epidemiological weeks during 2007–2019, from the relevant geospatial data with daily or sub-daily temporal resolution. A multi-step-ahead LSTM model was used, and the time-differenced natural log-transformed dengue cases were used as outcomes. Two modeling scenarios (with and without historical dengue cases) were set to examine the potential of historical information on dengue forecasts. The results indicate that the performance was better when historical dengue cases were used and the 5-weeks-ahead forecast had the best performance, and the peak of a large outbreak in 2019 was accurately forecasted. The proposed framework in this study suggests the potential of the GEE platform, the LSTM algorithm, as well as historical information for dengue risk forecasting, which can easily be extensively applied to other regions or globally for timely and practical dengue forecasts.

PM2.5 severely affects human health. Remotely sensed (RS) data can be used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations and population exposure, and therefore to explain acute respiratory disorders. However, available global PM2.5 concentration forecast products derived from models assimilating RS data have not yet been exploited to generate early alerts for respiratory problems in Brazil. We investigated the feasibility of building such an early warning system. For this, PM2.5 concentrations on a 4-day horizon forecast were provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and compared with the number of severe acute respiratory disease (SARD) cases. Confounding effects of the meteorological conditions were considered by selecting the best linear regression models in terms of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), with meteorological features and their two-way interactions as explanatory variables and PM2.5 concentrations and SARD cases, taken separately, as response variables. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were then computed between the residuals of the models for PM2.5 concentration and SARD cases. The results show a clear tendency to positive correlations between PM2.5 and SARD in all regions of Brazil but the South one, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient reaching 0.52 (p < 0.01). Positive significant correlations were also found in the South region by previously correcting the effects of viral infections on the SARD case dynamics. The possibility of using CAMS global PM2.5 concentration forecast products to build an early warning system for pollution-related effects on human health in Brazil was therefore established. Further investigations should be performed to determine alert threshold(s) and possibly build combined risk indicators involving other risk factors for human respiratory diseases. This is of particular interest in Brazil, where the COVID-19 pandemic and biomass burning are occurring concomitantly, to help minimize the effects of PM emissions and implement mitigation actions within populations.

To date, there is no effective treatment to cure dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease which has a major impact on human populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Although the characteristics of dengue infection are well known, factors associated with landscape are highly scale dependent in time and space, and therefore difficult to monitor. We propose here a mapping review based on 78 articles that study the relationships between landscape factors and urban dengue cases considering household, neighborhood and administrative levels. Landscape factors were retrieved from survey questionnaires, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing (RS) techniques. We structured these into groups composed of land cover, land use, and housing type and characteristics, as well as subgroups referring to construction material, urban typology, and infrastructure level. We mapped the co-occurrence networks associated with these factors, and analyzed their relevance according to a three-valued interpretation (positive, negative, non significant). From a methodological perspective, coupling RS and GIS techniques with field surveys including entomological observations should be systematically considered, as none digital land use or land cover variables appears to be an univocal determinant of dengue occurrences. Remote sensing urban mapping is however of interest to provide a geographical frame to distribute human population and movement in relation to their activities in the city, and as spatialized input variables for epidemiological and entomological models.

Mediterranean coastal lagoons and their peripheral areas often provide a collection of habitats for many species, and they often face significant threats from anthropogenic activities. Diverse human activities in such areas directly affect the spatio-temporal dynamic of surface water and its ecological characteristics. Monitoring the surface water dynamic, and understanding the impact of human activities are of great significance for coastal lagoon conservation. The Regional Natural Park of Narbonne includes a typical Mediterranean lagoon complex where surface water dynamic and its potential link with local diverse human activities has not yet been studied. In this context, based on all the available Landsat images covering the study area during 2002−2016, this study identified the water and non-water classes for each satellite observation by comparing three widely used spectral indices (i.e., NDVI, NDWI and MNDWI) and using the Otsu method. The yearly water frequency index was then computed to present the spatio-temporal dynamic of surface water for each year, and three water dynamic scenarios were also identified for each year: permanent water (PW), non-permanent water (NPW) and non-water (NW). The spatial and inter-annual variation in the patterns of the three water scenarios were characterized by computing the landscape metrics at scenario-level quantifying area/edge, shape, aggregation and fragmentation. Finally, the quantitative link between different land use and land cover (LULC) types derived from the LULC maps of 2003, 2012 and 2015 and the surface water dynamic scenarios was established in each of the 300 m × 300 m grid cells covering the study area to determine the potential impact of human activities on the surface water dynamic. In terms of the inter-annual variation during 2002−2016, PW presented an overall stability, and NPW occupied only a small part of the water surface in each year and presented an inter-annual fluctuation. NPW had a smaller patch size, with lower connectivity degree and higher fragmentation degree. In terms of spatial variation during 2002−2016, NPW often occurred around PW, and its configurational features varied from place to place. Moreover, PW mostly corresponded to the natural lagoon, and salt marsh (as a part of lagoons), and NPW had a strong link with arable land (agricultural irrigation) and salt marsh (salt production), sand beach/dune, coastal wetlands and lagoon for the LULC maps of 2003, 2012 and 2015. However, more in-depth analysis is required for understanding the impact of sand beach/dune, coastal wetlands and lagoon on surface water dynamics. This study covers the long-term variations of surface water patterns in a Mediterranean lagoon complex having intense and diverse human activities, and the potential link between LULC types and the water dynamic scenarios was investigated on different dates. The results of the study should be useful for environmental management and protection of coastal lagoons.

In the last decades, the Cerrado, considered a hotspot of biodiversity, has faced hard anthropic transformations. An example of this dynamism is the region of Chapada dos Veadeiros, located in the north of the state of Goiás. Located in Central Brazil has an active landscape with several areas used for sustainability and with important socioeconomic transformations linked to modern agriculture. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to develop an integrated analysis of the space-time dynamic toward a better characterization of the regional scenario. We used the land cover data for a period of 30 years (1984-2015), as well as socioeconomic indicators, local physical characterization and the integration of the road network, using geotechnologies for their analysis. The results show strong relationships between land-use changes, the density of road infrastructure and the declivity of landforms in the region. When these information were integrated with socioeconomic indicators, it was highlighted that the region is unequal and with specific dynamics, and can be divided into three distinct regions: Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás: a stigmatized north; Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Colinas do Sul: a diversified center; and São João d'Aliança: an explored south. The agricultural border in the southern part, now reaches this iconic region. Considering this kind of use affects environment negatively with loss of natural cover, generating direct impacts to soil and water quality, and fauna and flora dynamism, it creates negative effects to the quality of life of the local population. Beyond that, it affects the natural scenic beauty, which is strongly related to tourism, locally adopted as an alternative to the current economic development model. The findings of this article reinforce the idea that a more sustainable relationship between agriculture and conservation of the natural environment needs to be achieved in the region.

The distribution of mosquito vectors of malaria is controlled by various factors such as climate, land cover and land use, or human activities. In the Amazon region, endemic foci of malaria persist, particularly on the border between French Guiana and Amapa State in Brazil. This area, long by 300 km, presents many difficulties in collecting informations necessary for the health management of the local populations. In this type of geographical context, with few, isolated and cross-border data, a methodology based on the exploitation of remote sensing images is particularly appropriate. Remote sensing data have wide spatial coverage, and a large range of spatial resolutions. Here we present an approach combining high resolution and very high spatial resolution optical and SAR satellite data. Our method makes it possible to map the different types of land cover in the tropical border context French Guiana - Brazil, characterized by a persistent cloud cover. The results show that the complementarity of optical and RADAR sensors allows the production of multi-scale mapping of land use/land cover (LULC) independently from cloud cover. In particular, we produced LULC classifications to generate spatialized indicators and characterize the relationship between suitable habitats for malaria vectors and environmental factors. Through a discussion on the application of composite LULC classifications for the assessment of malaria exposure risk at various scales, this case study illustrates the interest of satellite remote sensing approaches to characterize landscape elements and land cover, which can account for the distribution of vector populations in connection with arboviruses transmission.

This article presents a discussion of the issues inherent in the decisions that interfere with environmental sustainability and the health of populations across the impact with the implementation of hydropower in the Brazilian Amazon. From the case of the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam, one can observe how the process of environmental licensing in Brazil is based on the control and mitigation of impacts of a project by isolating social aspects, without considering the specificities of the local people. The construction of hydroelectric power plants, which occupies large territorial extensions, transfers the damage to the most vulnerable social groups as coastal communities and ethnic communities. This study points to the need for effective planning for the use of natural resources, as well as actions in the region to mitigate the main conflicts. Regarding this case, development policies without the participatory process, when implemented de-structure the logic of local organization, increasing the environmental and social problems in the area, causing repercussions on the health and quality of life. By concluding, to face these kinds of problems and challenges, as, that involve dam construction, it is necessary a wide process of participation, with an expanded view and integration of public policies on health, environment, and ethics of the development.

In health studies, obtaining spatialized demographic data is essential for understanding diseases transmission and dispersal processes, and for calculating the incidence rate as well, which are fundamental to control and prevention strategies. The development and application of population estimation methods, in a detailed scale, aiming to obtain population number, mainly during non-census years, may contribute to the analysis of the incidence of a particular disease. This paper aims to present a population estimation method, developed from an adaptation of the people in pixel method (Cruz et al., 2007), and can be applied in spatial units of different resolutions. The annual population estimation of the "health zones" (ZBS) of the Federal District of Brazil between 2007 and 2014 was applied in order to study the spatial distribution of dengue incidence rates over time. This study allowed to identify areas of high dengue transmission and show the interannual variability of spatial transmission patterns of the disease, which may contribute to the definition of dengue control strategies in the Federal District of Brazil.

Disasters associated with floods and dam ruptures cause direct and indirect impacts on health and their damages depend on the vulnerability and resilience present in the affected areas. In this paper, we reflect on the sectoral public policies involved in disaster risk management in Brazil, as illustrated by the floods due to the rupture of ore tailings dam at Brumadinho-MG. For this, a bibliographical and documentary survey was carried out in addition to the analysis of data on the occurrence of floods and the registration of dams in Brazil. These are recurrent problems in the country and are distributed throughout the country and, despite having specific public policies, these have not actually been implemented, which puts a large part of the country's population at risk. It can be seen that disasters have become part of the routine of the country and, in some discourses, it is observed until their naturalization, while the most serious are treated as exceptional or unforeseeable. When analysing the Brazilian scenario of floods and dams, it is evident the non-prioritization of preventive actions and the adoption of reactive approaches seems to be part of the strategy of emergency management. It is evident the need to reorganize disaster management, involving its different authors, in order to establish processes that reduce the fragmentation and overlapping of actions. In this context, disaster preparedness and response plans are needed in all municipalities at risk, and cannot be limited to the bureaucratic process of legislation and devoid of warning and alarm systems that effectively contribute to saving lives.

Diarrhea constitutes a major public health problem in Brazil and in the world and its seasonal dynamics of occurrence is associated with environmental conditions, such as climate-related factors. This research studied the temporal pattern of hospitalizations motivated by diarrhea and gastroenteritis with presumed infectious origin (DGOIP) in 27 Brazilian capitals, monthly recorded from 1998 to 2012, as well as the rainfall and temperature patterns. It involved the preparation and interpretation of climatograms and histograms containing quarterly data and simple linear correlation analysis. The results allowed to observe that there are more defined patterns of hospitalizations prevalence, in a given period of the year, in areas where there are two well-defined seasons, rainy and dry season, and in the other regions, such as the South of Brazil, there aren’t an unique predominant pattern. The rainy season pattern was mainly related to the North and Northeast regions and the dry season pattern to the Midwest and Southeast, which assumed a change in the predominant etiology of infection, if bacterial or viral, according to the literature. The study found that factors such as seasonality and climate-related are relevant in the analysis of DGOIP occurrence patterns, and continuous observation of hospitalizations should be performed to detect changes in seasonal patterns of the disease, notably considering the wide coverage of child vaccination for rotavirus in Brazil.

In Amazonia, climate change mainly involves discorder of the floods. It disturbs the agricultural systems of the waterside population of the Amazon and exposes those populations to food insecurity. In order to facilitate the analysis of the study area farming systems (Lago Grande de Curuaï), a typology was made using Bertin’s matrix, allowing the identification of four typical systems: agri-forestry, agricultural, agro-pastoral and fish-pastoral. A system of indicators was made following the « Principle, Criteria, Indicators » method, using the information on the agricultural systems and the two pillars of food security (availability and access) as a main base for analysis. One principle, three criteria and seven indicators estimated food security on the scale of the typical agricultural systems depending of two scenarios: with and without the emergence of extreme events. A degradation of food security is observed with the emergence of extreme events, and the agro-pastoral system is the most affected by these crisis.

Floodplains in the Amazon are areas of great economic, social and ecological importance. Occupation in these areas brings various impacts due to its complexity and fragility. This paper aims to analyze dynamics of change in land use and land cover in the floodplain of Lago Grande do Curuai, near Santarém city, in the state of Pará. To that end, geotechnologies associated with landscape metrics and an analysis of two different geographic clippings of the region were used. The first geographic clipping covers the entire hydrographic basin, focusing on the analysis of the natural vegetation cover (dryland and lowlands); the second geographic clipping shows the area divided in six landscape zones, whose criteria are the productive systems and the characteristics of use of the region. We classified images from satellites Landsat 5 and 7 from the years 1985, 1997 and 2014. Landscape metrics established patterns that facilitated the comparison between different times. In the first geographic clipping, metrics show a moderate dynamic in the period. Although there is a decrease in dry land forest areas, the class in which there is greater increase is the secondary/"capoeira" vegetation. There are increases in the pasture areas, the farmlands, however, remain stable; pasture and farming areas occur in a dispersed way in the territory and in small allotments; this dynamic revealed by classification indicates that cultivation areas are occupied by rotation, being occupied and abandoned over time. In the second geographic clipping, zones 3 and 4 concentrate most of the processes of replacing the natural vegetation cover by anthropic activities. The analysis in different geographic clippings shows the researched area has heterogeneous patterns of occupation in time and space.

In Amazonia, climate change mainly involves discorder of the floods. It disturbs the agricultural systems of the waterside population of the Amazon and exposes those populations to food insecurity. In order to facilitate the analysis of the study area farming systems (Lago Grande de Curuaï), a typology was made using Bertin’s matrix, allowing the identification of four typical systems: agri-forestry, agricultural, agro-pastoral and fish-pastoral. A system of indicators was made following the « Principle, Criteria, Indicators » method, using the information on the agricultural systems and the two pillars of food security (availability and access) as a main base for analysis. One principle, three criteria and seven indicators estimated food security on the scale of the typical agricultural systems depending of two scenarios: with and without the emergence of extreme events. A degradation of food security is observed with the emergence of extreme events, and the agro-pastoral system is the most affected by these crisis.