Search

Rhizobacterial inoculants have been previously shown to demonstrate growth promotion in bermudagrass, yet mechanisms for growth promotion and colonization of bermudagrass are unknown. Using rifampicin-resistant strains of Bacillus spp., colonization and persistence of bacteria were assessed under field conditions in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere, endorhiza, and endophytic phyllosphere. Strains of Bacillus pumilus and B. sphaericus were determined to have nitrogenase and phosphate solubilization activity and to produce siderophores. These results showed differences between strains of the same species, and phosphate solubilization was greatest under alkaline conditions. The characteristics of the rhizobacterial strains provide greater insights into the growth promotion demonstrated in bermudagrass. All bacterial strains tested were detectable in plant and soil within 24 h after inoculation and persisted through 12 week post inoculation. Colonization occurred on both external and internal plant structures, but was typically higher in rhizoplane and rhizosphere samples. Populations remained stable for 2 week after inoculation with drastic declines occurring after 6 week. Bacillus sphaericus was the most prolific colonizer, having the greatest population density per sample and least drastic population decline 12 week after inoculation. These results provide better understanding of plant-microbe-interactions in amenity grasses and can aid in determining application frequencies and intervals of biostimulants for turfgrass management. Beneficial characteristics of rhizobacteria may explain why inoculation of grass results in growth promotion. Colonization and persistence in grass was determined using antibiotic-resistant mutants. Unlabelled Image • Rhizobacterial strains demonstrated nitrogenase activity. • Rhizobacterial strains solubilized phosphate under acidic and basic conditions. • Rhizobacterial strains produced siderophores on media. • Rhizobacterial strains persist 12 wk in grass from a single inoculation. • Rhizobacterial strains colonized endophytic and epiphytic plant tissues and soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detoxification enzymes superfamilies of cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CoE) play important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. Despite their importance in insect physiology and ecology, the relative activities of these enzyme systems among developmental stages, sexes and tissues of insect species have not been studied extensively. In the present study, we determine the relative activities of these enzymes in eggs, larval stages, adults of each sex and different tissues of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) in response to model exogenous substrates. The effect of food deprivation on enzyme activities is also examined in adult gut tissue. In this scarab species, ontogeny influences enzyme activities and catalytic efficiency, with eggs exhibiting only GST activity, first‐instar larvae exhibiting GST and CoE activities, and other life stages exhibiting P450 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylation (ECOD), GST and CoE activities. Second‐instar larvae have the highest GST activity, whereas third‐instar larvae have the highest P450 and CoE activities. Male and female adults show differences in P450 ECOD activity but not in CoE activity. Adult tissues vary in enzyme activities, with midgut tissues having the greatest P450 ECOD and CoE activities. A feeding bout of 24 h induces the optimal activities of P450 ECOD, GST and CoE in the gut of adult beetles. Interestingly, activity of GST is induced upon prolonged starvation. The findings of the present study highlight the apparent importance and contribution of detoxification enzymes in the physiology and ecology of this economically‐important pest. Detoxification enzyme activities are detected in all life stages of the Japanese beetle.Ontogeny influence the activities of detoxification enzymes.Detoxification enzyme activities are highest in the midgut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popillia japonica is a generalist herbivore that feeds on > 300 host plant species in at least 72 plant families. It is unknown why P. japonica , despite possessing active detoxification enzymes in its gut, is paralyzed when feeding on the petals of one of its preferred host plant, Pelargonium × hortorum , or on artificial diet containing quisqualic acid (QA), the active compound in zonal geranium. We hypothesized that Pelargonium × hortorum or QA do not induce activity of the cytochrome P450, glutathione S transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (CoE) detoxification enzymes in P. japonica . In this study, P. japonica were fed petals of zonal geranium or agar plugs containing QA, or rose petals, another preferred but non-toxic host. Midgut enzyme activities of P450, GST, and CoE were then assayed after 6, 12, or 24 h of feeding. In most cases, P450, GST, and CoE activities were significantly induced in P. japonica midguts by geranium petals and QA, though the induction was slower than with rose petals. Induced enzyme activity reached a peak at 24 h after consumption, which coincides with the period of highest recovery from geranium and QA paralysis. This study shows that toxic geranium and QA induce detoxification enzyme activity, but the induced enzymes do not effectively protect P. japonica from paralysis by QA. Further investigation is required through in vitro studies to know if the enzymes induced by geranium are capable of metabolizing QA. This study highlights a rare physiological mismatch between the detoxification tool kit of a generalist and its preferred host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the Second World War the international institutional breakthroughs that occurred provided the momentum for decades of sustained economic growth and geopolitical stability sufficient for the transformation of the world economy, the shift from the cold war to a multipolar order, and the rise of new communication and network societies. However, what worked then does not work as well now, as gridlock freezes problem-solving capacity in global governance. The search for pathways through and beyond gridlock is a hugely significant task – nationally and globally – if global governance is to be once again effective, responsive and fit for purpose. This article explores these issues and provides elements of a theory of global governance in order to begin to understand the challenges of the 21st century and how to surmount them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) adults induce permanent leaf folds on Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), inside which they feed and reproduce. Range expansion of G. uzeli in North America was accompanied by Thripastichus gentilei (del Guercio) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The objectives of this study were to determine the life stage(s) of G. uzeli parasitized by T. gentilei, the emergence period of T. gentilei from parasitized thrips, and the adult longevity of T. gentilei. We also determined the development time for both parasitoid and host at a constant temperature. Leaf folds representing only 1 life stage of G. uzeli were challenged with T. gentilei adults to determine life stage susceptibility. In a growth chamber at 30 °C, we recorded the development time for the thrips host and observed the emergence period of T. gentilei from thrips. Wasps were provisioned with liquid diets to determine longevity. Development of G. uzeli required 10.3 d at 30 °C with successful parasitism of only 1st and 2nd instars of the thrips. Wasps emerged from thrips about 20 d after their exposure to females and could survive in the laboratory for about 3 d longer when provisioned with sugar solution relative to water only or starved wasps. We concluded that T. gentilei, released for control of Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is now also using G. uzeli as a host . This larval parasitoid takes about twice as long as G. uzeli to develop, yet adults can survive up to 16 d when a carbohydrate source is present. Thripastichus gentilei should complement the activity of other natural enemies attacking Gynaikothrips species on Ficus. However, the development rate of G. uzeli and its potential interactions with Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) may limit the ability of T. gentilei to establish on plants wherever this anthocorid is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time tracking algorithms often suffer from low accuracy and poor robustness when confronted with difficult, real-world data. We present a tracker that combines 3D shape, color (when available), and motion cues to accurately track moving objects in real-time. Our tracker allocates computational effort based on the shape of the posterior distribution. Starting with a coarse approximation to the posterior, the tracker successively refines this distribution, increasing in tracking accuracy over time. The tracker can thus be run for any amount of time, after which the current approximation to the posterior is returned. Even at a minimum runtime of 0.37 ms per object, our method outperforms all of the baseline methods of similar speed by at least 25% in root-mean-square (RMS) tracking error. If our tracker is allowed to run for longer, the accuracy continues to improve, and it continues to outperform all baseline methods. Our tracker is thus anytime, allowing the speed or accuracy to be optimized based on the needs of the application. By combining 3D shape, color (when available), and motion cues in a probabilistic framework, our tracker is able to robustly handle changes in viewpoint, occlusions, and lighting variations for moving objects of a variety of shapes, sizes, and distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organisms can seasonally and temporally influence many factors of soil formation and structure. Burrowing insects create biopores resulting in preferential flow through the soil profile. Most insect species have one or more life stages in soil, however, social insects are the primary taxa studied in context of soil function and structures. Soil-inhabiting southern mole cricket, Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos and tawny mole cricket, Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), create subterranean tunnels and likely alter soil infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. X-ray CT scans were used to generate three-dimensional images of tunnel characteristics of Scapteriscus mole cricket in different soils and for various life stages. One mole cricket was introduced to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical arena filled with soil and allowed to construct their tunnels for 7 days under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. X-ray CT scans produced high resolution, three-dimensional renderings of tunnel architecture. Greenhouse trials also compared the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil ( K sat ) infested with mole crickets to soil columns with earthworms. Additionally, infiltration and runoff rates were compared under field conditions in bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon (L.) × Cynodon transvaalensis (Burtt-Davy)) in the presence and absence of mole crickets. Both species produce tunnels generally ≥2.5 times their body in width. Southern mole cricket tunnels produce twice as many tunnels branches near the surface compared to lower in the soil profile. Immature and adult mole crickets produce tunnels that are similarly constructed yet adults displace about three times the amount of soil during immatures. Mole crickets construct tunnels 64.1 cm long with 208.8 cm 3 volume in loamy soils, which is about double the length and volume of tunnels in clay soils. The K sat was similar when mole crickets or earthworms were present, but both were greater relative to arenas with no soil invertebrates. Under field conditions, plots in bermudagrass where mole crickets were active had 41% reduction in runoff and a 12% greater infiltration relative to un-infested turfgrass. Biopores created by mole crickets in turfgrass and pastures create preferential flow through soil that may increase the movement of water and solutes from the soil to groundwater. This work highlights the interconnections between biodiversity in soils and soil function, and the importance of expanding studies on soil invertebrates beyond the few candidate taxa already studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with David Held, a professor at Durham University in Great Britain, is presented. When asked on his first engagement with globalization, he refers to writing his book "Models of Democracy" from 1984-1987. Other topics discussed include his collaboration with his friend Anthony McGrew in the publication of their book "Global Transformations" in 1999, the relationship of modernism with globalization and the transdisciplinary field of global studies.

In Jun and Jul 2011 traps were deployed in Tuskegee National Forest, Macon County, Alabama to test the influence of chemical and visual cues on the capture of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The first experiment investigated the attractiveness of traps baited with different ratios of ethanol to methanol (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0). No differences occurred in total Scolytinae trap captures for any of the various ratios of ethanol to methanol. The second experiment tested the attractiveness of ethanolbaited traps supplemented with light emitting diodes (LED) of various wavelengths to Scolytinae. Ethanol-baited traps supplemented with UV (395 nm) and green (525 nm) LEDs were more attractive than traps baited only with ethanol, but they were not more attractive than ethanol-baited traps supplemented with blue (470 nm) and red (625 nm) LEDs. This study indicates ethanol-baited traps supplemented with UV or green LEDs would be useful for detecting various Scolytinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] In choice tests, Scapteriscus vicinus preferred plant tissue whereas Scapteriscus borellii preferred an animal diet. [•] In no-choice tests, S. borellii consumed similar amounts of plant and animal diets. [•] In no-choice tests, S. vicinus consumed more plant than animal diet. [•] S. borellii developed faster and lived longer with an animal diet than a plant diet. [•] S. vicinus can develop on animal and plant diets with greater weight gain on animal diets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Turfgrass culture, a multibillion dollar industry in the United States, poses unique challenges for integrated pest management. Why insect control on lawns, golf courses, and sport fields remains insecticide-driven, and how entomological research and extension can best support nascent initiatives in environmental golf and sustainable lawn care are explored. High standards for aesthetics and playability, prevailing business models, risk management-driven control decisions, and difficulty in predicting pest outbreaks fuel present reliance on preventive insecticides. New insights into pest biology, sampling methodology, microbial insecticides, plant resistance, and conservation biological control are reviewed. Those gains, and innovations in reduced-risk insecticides, should make it possible to begin constructing holistic management plans for key turfgrass pests. Nurturing the public's interest in wildlife habitat preservation, including beneficial insects, may be one means to change aesthetic perceptions and gain leeway for implementing integrated pest management practices that lend stability to turfgrass settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the recurrent criticisms of the project of cosmopolitan democracy has been that it has not examined the political, economic and social agents that might have an interest in pursuing this programme. This criticism is addressed directly in this article. It shows that there are a variety of paths that, in their own right, could lead to more democratic global governance, and that there are a diversity of political, economic and social agents that have an interest in the pursuit of these. Cosmopolitan democracy is an open-ended project that aims to increase the accountability, transparency and legitimacy of global governance, and the battery of agents and initiatives outlined highlight the direction and politics required to make it possible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses cosmopolitanism, democracy, and global order. The author explains that cosmopolitanism concerns the ethical, cultural, and legal basis of political order where political communities and states do not exist exclusively. The article examines the political philosophies of cosmopolitanism and its approach to global challenges. The article also takes a look at the structure and meaning of cosmopolitanism, the relation between cosmopolitan values and principles and the idea of a cosmopolitan legal community.

The article presents a dialogue between the authors about the problems of global democracy. They offer a look on the aggregate of past events of international or planetary democracy which was first discussed in the 1940s when the United Nations was organized. One of them stressed that the underpinnings of the conceptions of democracy and pluralism consist of a layered belief system, which at the most abstract level are ontological and epistemological assertions. How security is acted on, and how political struggles are followed through, matters greatly to the pursuit of democracy and justice.

The article presents the text of a lecture given by David Held at the University of Sheffield in England on December 8, 2005 to mark the 11th anniversary of the Political Economic Research Centre. Held discusses the failure of the international community to generate a sound framework for managing global warming. He also comments on the little progress that has been made towards achieving the millennium development goals.

This article examines the limits and failures of the economic doctrines known as the Washington Consensus, and proposes alternatives to them. In addition, it explores how recent changes in Washington security doctrines under the administrations of George W. Bush have compounded problems of development and security. The essay advocates a human security doctrine which focuses on strengthening multilateral institutions, common rules, and bridging the gap between global market processes and social justice. In sum, the essay seeks to show how the contemporary form of market-based economic globalization can be reframed in a manner that enhances both the development and security of all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was introduced to a New Jersey nursery in 1916 and continues to spread across the United States and Canada. Adults attack foliage, flowers, and fruit of more than 300 species of plants; however, some plants are notably resistant. This paper summarizes data on plant susceptibility of woody plants to Japanese beetles collected from observations and controlled experiments. Resistance to Japanese beetle has been documented among species of maples (Acer) and birch (Betula) and among cultivars of crabapple (Malus), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia), and linden (Tilia). Production of certain plant odors, presence of secondary compounds in leaves, and leaf pubescence are factors affecting resistance to this insect. Host plant resistance is the most sustainable means of managing feeding damage or plant losses resulting from Japanese beetle adults. When suitable, incorporating Japanese beetle-resistant plants into new landscapes can reduce or eliminate the expense of replacing damaged plants or frequent insecticide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many generalist herbivores, especially adult beetles, are facultative florivores, feeding on leaves but readily accepting floral tissues when available. We speculated that day-flying beetles with high energetic requirements would benefit from dietary mixing with nutrient-rich flower tissues and favor them during foraging. We tested that “Floral Affinity Hypothesis” with Popillia japonica, a day-active ruteline scarab that feeds intermittently throughout its adult life on multiple plant species. In field tests with six species of flowering hosts, far more landings occurred on flowers than on foliage for all plants except Hibiscus syriacus which bears flowers along the main stem rather than terminally. Trials with elevated plants showed that height of the floral display contributes to beetles’ landing on flowers. Flower petals generally were preferred over leaves in laboratory choice tests. Nitrogen and water content were comparable or higher in foliage than in petals, but plant sugars were much higher in petals. Longevity and fecundity of beetles provided single-plant diets of Hibiscus, Rosa × hybrida, or Trifolium flowers for 3 weeks were as high, or higher, than for beetles fed foliage of Tilia cordata, a highly suitable resource. As expected, rotating flowers or Tilia foliage with marginally suitable Quercus palustris foliage enhanced those parameters relative to a diet of Quercus alone, but beetles provided high-quality Tilia foliage also benefitted from dietary mixing with flowers. Nearly all past dietary mixing studies concerned immature insects, for which growth rate is paramount. Opportunistic florivory by adult beetles represents a type of dietary mixing wherein the premium may be calorie-rich food for fueling flight muscles, with ensuing reproductive benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces a series of articles on democratic accountability in global policy-making. Legitimacy of global governance; Transnational governance mechanisms; Role of civil society in global governance.

From the destruction of the twin towers on 11 September 2001 to the failure of trade discussions at Cancún in September 2003, issues are raised that not only concern large swathes of the world's population, but can only be adequately resolved by increased coordination and cooperation across borders. How such coordination and cooperation can be achieved, and how and to whom there should be accountability, are the themes of this article. The article is in six parts. The first part sketches the contemporary nature of global politics; the second examines problems and dilemmas of global public policy-making; the third explores how global governance can be strengthened; the fourth sets out the framework of a cosmopolitan polity which would place democratic accountability at its centre; the fifth unfolds a related concept of multilayered citizenship; and the final part explores the underlying cosmopolitan principles of the argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the elements of the legal and political contexts of September 11, 2001, terrorists attacks on the U.S. The process of the gradual delimitation of political power and the increasing significance of international law and justice, can be illustrated by reflecting on a strand in international legal thinking which has overturned the exclusive position of the state in international law and buttressed the role of the individual in relation to, and with responsibility for, systematic violence against others. The containment of armed aggression and abuses of power can only be achieved through both the control of warfare and the prevention of the abuse of human rights. Changes in the laws of war, human rights law and other legal domains have placed individuals, government and non-governmental organizations under systems of regulation which, in principle, recasts the legal significance of state boundaries. The regime of liberal international sovereignty entrenches powers and constraints and rights and duties in international law which go beyond the traditional conception of the proper scope and boundaries of states and come into conflict and sometime contradiction with national laws.

Presents information on the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. History of the beetle as a pest; Biology and ecology; Management.

This article explores the political implications of the growing enmeshment of human communities with each other over time and the way in which the fate of peoples is determined increasingly by complex social, economic and environmental processes that stretch across their borders. Examining the growing interconnections between states and societies, the article focuses on the transformations that are under way in the form and nature of political community. It does not argue that globalization has simply eroded the nature of sovereignty and autonomy. Rather, it seeks to show how there has been a reconfiguration of political power, which has created new forms of governance and politics - both within states and beyond their boundaries. The consequences of globalization for democracy and accountability are also examined. While the article shows that the idea of government or of the state can no longer be simply defended as an idea suitable to a particular, closed political community or nation-state, it sets forth how new forms of governance are emerging - regionally, internationally and globally - that can be built upon and further elaborated. The last part explores how a 'cosmopolitan conception of democratic governance' might meet the political challenges created by globalization. Both the general principles and institutional implications of this form of governance are set out, disclosing both short- and long-term possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the effectiveness of commercial and experimental ant baits in controlling the mound-building activities of the ant Lasius neoniger Emery. Damage brought by the ant's mound-building activities on golf putting greens and tees; Difficulty of controlling turf-infesting ants.

Examines the political, economic and cultural implications of globalization. Definition of globalization; Four types of change characterizing globalization; Three main forms of migration; Two fundamental transformations that have affected the shape and form of modern politics.

Presents an interview with democracy advocate David Held conducted by Baogang He regarding Held's concept of cosmopolitan democracy. Effect of Held's family life on his perceptions of democracy; Assessment of globalization impact on national democracy; Inability of national democracy to resolve territorial boundary problems; Basis of Held's theories on European Union developments.

This article traces the development of the idea of democracy from city-states and the early republican tradition to liberalism and Marxism. The relevance of leading conceptions of democracy to contemporary circumstances are then explored. In light of the complex interconnections among states and societies, a set of arguments are developed which offer a new agenda for democratic theory which departs from an exclusive focus on particular political communities and the nation-state. After an examination of a number of key models of the international order – the states system, the UN Charter framework – the case is made for a cosmopolitan international democracy. While such a case is fraught with difficulties, strong grounds are presented for its indispensability to the maintenance and development of democracy both within pre-established borders and across them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the notion of Marxism and critical theory. Contributions of Marxism to the political economy; Connection between Marxism and critical theory; Characterization of critical theory by critical theorists; Factors contributing to the development of Marxist concerns; Implications of the expansion of the domain of political reflection for the emergence of the dimensions of life to critical social analysis and active intervention.

This article presents the comments of the author on the sociological literature by Francis Fukuyama, Alex Callinicos and Anthony Giddens. In The End of History and the Last Man, Fukuyama defends many of his earlier claims about the evolution and development of humankind, and elaborates the framework required to grasp fully the forces that he believes are driving us toward the end state of the historical process. The book is extraordinarily bold and deploys a wide range of examples in support of its main contentions. It is both enjoyable to read and deeply provocative. But despite this it offers, in the final analysis, a dog's dinner, to adapt Fukuyama's analogy. Fukuyama declined an invitation to reply to my article Liberalism, Marxism, and Democracy on the grounds that his book constitutes a reply; that is, it deals directly with the range of issues raised by the essay. In some respects this is a reasonable claim. The volume is a serious effort to construct a coherent and directional Universal History of mankind. It expands the arguments of the earlier essays to suggest that there are two powerful forces or logics at work in human history: the logic of modern science and the struggle for recognition.

This article presents a review essay on The End of History by Francis Fukuyama, The Revenge of History: Marxism and the East European Revolutions by Alex Callinicos, Socialism, Modernity and Utopianism by Anthony Giddens, A Reply to My Critics by Francis Fukuyama, and The Consequences of Modernity by Anthony Giddens. At the end of World War II, Europe lay devastated and divided. The emergence of Nazism and fascism had shattered complacency about Europe as the cradle of progress in the world. The Holocaust appeared to negate Europe's claim, made with particular force since the Enlightenment, to represent the pinnacle of civilization. Some philosophers even began to think of the Enlightenment as the origin of domination and totalitarianism in the West. The war itself, moreover, had destroyed millions of lives, wrecked Europe's infrastructure and left the world polarized progressively between the democratic capitalist West and the communist East. Yet, scarcely more than forty years later, some were proclaiming the end of history, or the triumph of the West over all political and economic alternatives. The revolutions that swept across Central and Eastern Europe at the end of 1989 and the beginning of 1990 stimulated an atmosphere of celebration.

Discusses the efficacy of the liberal democratic state within the context of increasing international interdependence. Nature of globalization and its implications for the nation state; Shift in the contours of sovereign political authority and the national political authority; Limitations of existing political and international relations theory; Future of liberal democracy.

Discusses the changes brought by the processes of globalization and its effect on the concept of the democratic political community. Analysis on cosmopolitan democracy; Lack of institutions that can act as a legitimate fora for debate on global political issues; Solving conflicts between political communities through cosmopolitan democracy.

Provides information economic globalization. Definition of economic globalization; Information on trade and finance capital; Detailed information on multinational corporations and foreign direct investment (FDI); Suggestions of this survey on contemporary economic globalization.

The article reports on the study which found an increase in the attractiveness of trap trees to Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford). The study conducts a field test using Lindgren traps baited to compare their efficacy for capture of bark and ambrosia beetles. It shows that captures of Cnestus mutilatus were similar with all three treatments, while captures of Xylosandrus crassiusculus and other Scolytinae were significantly higher with ethanol-baited traps supplemented with conophthorin.

The article discusses the occurrence Asiatic garden beetle in damaged turfgrass in Alabama in December 2009. It states that five grubs of the Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea, were gathered from a weedy stand of turf in Auburn in October 2008. In the south, Asiatic garden beetle might have two generations each year and blacklight trapping is ongoing to distinguish the adult flight period in Alabama.

A preface for the 1992 special issue of the "Political Studies" journal is presented.