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13. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana induces biosynthesis of flavonoids in oilseed rape following both seed inoculation and natural colonization.

Author

Muola, Anne, Birge, Traci, Helander, Marjo, Mathew, Suni, Harazinova, Vili, Saikkonen, Kari, and Fuchs, Benjamin

Subjects
RAPESEED, COLONIZATION (Ecology), BEAUVERIA bassiana, PESTICIDE resistance, VACCINATION, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, OILSEEDS
Abstract

Background: Cultivation of oilseed rape Brassica napus is pesticide‐intensive, and alternative plant protection strategies are needed because both pesticide resistance and legislation narrow the range of effective chemical pesticides. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various insect pests, but little is known about its endophytic potential and role in plant protection for oilseed rape. First, we studied whether B. bassiana can establish as an endophyte in oilseed rape, following seed inoculation. To evaluate the plant protection potential of endophytic B. bassiana on oilseed rape, we next examined its ability to induce plant metabolite biosynthesis. In another experiment, we tested the effect of seed inoculation on seedling survival in a semi‐field experiment. Results: Beauveria bassiana endophytically colonized oilseed rape following seed inoculation, and, in addition, natural colonization was also recorded. Maximum colonization rate was 40%, and generally increased with inoculation time. Seed inoculation did not affect the germination probability or growth of oilseed rape, but B. bassiana inoculated seeds germinated more slowly compared to controls. Endophytic colonization of B. bassiana induced biosynthesis of several flavonoids in oilseed rape leaves under controlled conditions. In the experiment conducted in semi‐field conditions, inoculated seedlings had slightly higher mortality compared to control seedlings. Conclusion: Beauveria bassiana showed endophytic potential on oilseed rape via both natural colonization and seed inoculation, and it induced the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, its use as an endophyte for plant protection against pests or pathogens for oilseed rape remains unclear. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Epichloë endophyte-promoted seed pathogen increases host grass resistance against insect herbivory

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R. [0000-0001-6549-3545], Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo [0000-0002-9524-7799], Laihonen, Miika, Saikkonen, Kari, Helander, Marjo, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R., Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo, Fuchs, Benjamin, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R. [0000-0001-6549-3545], Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo [0000-0002-9524-7799], Laihonen, Miika, Saikkonen, Kari, Helander, Marjo, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R., Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo, and Fuchs, Benjamin

Abstract

Plants host taxonomically and functionally complex communities of microbes. However, ecological studies on plant-microbe interactions rarely address the role of multiple co-occurring plant-associated microbes. Here, we contend that plant-associated microbes interact with each other and can have joint consequences for higher trophic levels. In this study we recorded the occurrence of the plant seed pathogenic fungus Claviceps purpurea and aphids (Sitobion sp.) on an established field experiment with red fescue (Festuca rubra) plants symbiotic to a seed transmitted endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae (E+) or non-symbiotic (E-). Both fungi are known to produce animal-toxic alkaloids. The study was conducted in a semi-natural setting, where E+ and E- plants from different origins (Spain and Northern Finland) were planted in a randomized design in a fenced common garden at Kevo Subarctic Research Station in Northern Finland. The results reveal that 45% of E+ plants were infected with Claviceps compared to 31% of E- plants. Uninfected plants had 4.5 times more aphids than Claviceps infected plants. By contrast, aphid infestation was unaffected by Epichloë symbiosis. Claviceps alkaloid concentrations correlated with a decrease in aphid numbers, which indicates their insect deterring features. These results show that plant mutualistic fungi can increase the infection probability of a pathogenic fungus, which then becomes beneficial to the plant by controlling herbivorous insects. Our study highlights the complexity and context dependency of species-species and multi-trophic interactions, thus challenging the labeling of species as plant mutualists or pathogens.

Published
2022

42. Epichloë endophyte-promoted seed pathogen increases host grass resistance against insect herbivory

Author

Laihonen, Miika, Saikkonen, Kari, Helander, Marjo, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R., Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo, Fuchs, Benjamin, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R. [0000-0001-6549-3545], Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo [0000-0002-9524-7799], Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R., and Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), herbivory, mutualism, fungi, plant-microbe interactions, food and beverages, Fungal endophyte, alkaloids, Microbiology, QR1-502, symbiosis, Claviceps, aphid, Alkaloids, Mutualism, fungal endophyte, Herbivory, Symbiosis, Aphid, Plant-microbe interactions, Original Research
Abstract

9 páginas, 2 tablas, 2 figuras, Plants host taxonomically and functionally complex communities of microbes. However, ecological studies on plant-microbe interactions rarely address the role of multiple co-occurring plant-associated microbes. Here, we contend that plant-associated microbes interact with each other and can have joint consequences for higher trophic levels. In this study we recorded the occurrence of the plant seed pathogenic fungus Claviceps purpurea and aphids (Sitobion sp.) on an established field experiment with red fescue (Festuca rubra) plants symbiotic to a seed transmitted endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae (E+) or non-symbiotic (E-). Both fungi are known to produce animal-toxic alkaloids. The study was conducted in a semi-natural setting, where E+ and E- plants from different origins (Spain and Northern Finland) were planted in a randomized design in a fenced common garden at Kevo Subarctic Research Station in Northern Finland. The results reveal that 45% of E+ plants were infected with Claviceps compared to 31% of E- plants. Uninfected plants had 4.5 times more aphids than Claviceps infected plants. By contrast, aphid infestation was unaffected by Epichloë symbiosis. Claviceps alkaloid concentrations correlated with a decrease in aphid numbers, which indicates their insect deterring features. These results show that plant mutualistic fungi can increase the infection probability of a pathogenic fungus, which then becomes beneficial to the plant by controlling herbivorous insects. Our study highlights the complexity and context dependency of species-species and multi-trophic interactions, thus challenging the labeling of species as plant mutualists or pathogens., This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (KS, Grant Nos. 295976 and 326226; MH, Grant No. 311077; BF, Grant No. 324523), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER grant PID2019-109133RB-I00, and from the project CLU-2019-05—IRNASA/CSIC Unit of Excellence funded by Junta de Castilla y León and cofinanced by the European Union (ERDF Europe drives our growth).

Published
2022

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