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Background: Linagliptin is prescribed as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Azithromycin is specified as an antibiotic that binds with 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit, obstructing the microbial protein synthesis. Our study focuses on the drug-drug interactions of these drugs. Objective: The purpose of the study is to understand the bioavailability and physicochemical approaches of Linagliptin and Azithromycin interaction mediated through the strength and nature of the complexation. Methods: The in vitro assessment of drug interaction was conducted using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed for the in vivo assessment of drug interaction in a mouse model. Results: Mild variation in interaction was observed at different pH values at a specific temperature by Job's and Ardon's equations. In UPLC, the drug mixture assessment showed that the area of Linagliptin was 2013793, and the area of Azithromycin was 54631 in 50 mg/l. The height of Linagliptin in the drug mixture was 579234, and that of Azithromycin was 11442. For Azithromycin, the wavelength of 731.02 cm-1, 993.34 cm-1, 1379.10 cm-1, and 1718.58 cm-1 decreased in the mixture. Also, for Linagliptin, the wavelength 1363.67 cm-1, 1473.62 cm-1, and 1718.58 cm-1 decreased in the drug mixture. The melting endotherm was 125.55°C, melting normalized energy was -3.0 W/mg, and 225.75°C with melting normalized energy of -5.5 W/mg of the drug mixture as indicated by DSC. In the OGTT test, the blood glucose level of Linagliptin decreased in the drug mixture by 13.58 % and 57.25%. Conclusion: Hence, the concomitant administration of Linagliptin and Azithromycin simultaneously might reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug complex.

This study is performed beneath In Vitro dissolution applying various mathematical approaches to observe the dissolution interference on simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In total, eight medicine samples wereollected in Bangladeshi market and the conventional approaches were followed to measure the result in gastric medium (pH 1.2). Altogether, the brands showed sensibly upper dissolution discharge; primarily P01 (98.9%), P08 (98.97%), P03 (98.32%) and P06 (98.24%) were released relatively faster than the other sample in 15 to 60 minutes. Along with the mango juice in the simulated gastric medium, the brands showed sensibly upper dissolution discharge; primarily P01 (98.83%), P07 (98.98%), P06 (98.78%) and P03 (98.38%) were released relatively faster than the other sample in 15 to 60 minutes. This result depicts to understand the proper release of kinetics with the help of various mathematical model such as Zero order, First order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell model etc. although Paracetamol can interact with the fruit juices, which may alter the drug release, drug absorption in the body and may also lead to an unwanted reaction.

Linagliptin is prescribed as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Azithromycin is specified as an antibiotic that binds with 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit, obstructing the microbial protein synthesis. Our study focuses on the drug-drug interactions of these drugs.The purpose of the study is to understand the bioavailability and physicochemical approaches of Linagliptin and Azithromycin interaction mediated through the strength and nature of the complexation.TheIn vitro assessment of drug interaction was conducted using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed for theIn vivo assessment of drug interaction in a mouse model.Mild variation in interaction was observed at different pH values at a specific temperature by Job's and Ardon's equations. In UPLC, the drug mixture assessment showed that the area of Linagliptin was 2013793, and the area of Azithromycin was 54631 in 50 mg/l. The height of Linagliptin in the drug mixture was 579234, and that of Azithromycin was 11442. For Azithromycin, the wavelength of 731.02 cmHence, the concomitant administration of Linagliptin and Azithromycin simultaneously might reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug complex.

The aim of this present work is to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Polygonum orientale (Family: Polygonaceae). Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Polygonum orientale was tested by Disc Diffusion Method. Standard antibiotic discs of Kanamycin (30µg/disc) for bacterial species was used as standard and crude extracts were used at a concentration of (20mg/disc) and (40mg/disc) for leaves and (10mg/disc) and (20mg/disc) for shoot extracts. The methanol extracts of leaves and shoots showed mild activity against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Most of the organisms were susceptible to the extract in various degrees. The extract showed highest zone of inhibition (13mm) against the Gram (+)ve Bacillus megaterium and and gram (-)ve Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 10mm). Antioxidant property of the plant extracts against stable DPPH (1, 1-Dipheny1-2-picrydrazole) radical was investigated. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. The extract was found low in antioxidant property. The absorbance was taken at 517nm by UV Spectrophotometer. The IC 50 values were found in leaf extract and shoot extract are (1244.58µg/ml and (1506µg/ml). For ascorbic acid IC 50 value was (139.19µg/ml). Cytotoxic activity of the crude extract by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. Vincristin sulphate was used as standard. LC 50 value of leaf extract was found (6.85µg/ml) and (9.7104µg/ml) for the shoot extract. In conclusion, the extract of the experimental plants have mild antimicrobial, low antioxidant and good cytotoxic properties.

This study concentrates on dissolution of drug in presence of fruit juice specifically mango juice. This work aspires current research to study the dissolution approach pattern of commercial formulation of metronidazole in Bangladesh commercially available eight brands of metronidazole film coated tablets were studied in gastric medium (pH 1.2). All brands got reasonably higher dissolution release mainly M02 (84.79%), M05 (75.86%), M06 (72.53%) and M07 (86.48%) were released relatively faster than other sample in 15 to 50 minutes. Therefore, Mango juice assists to enhance the therapeutic response of metronidazole on set of quick response.

Background: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic effects and hepatoprotectivity of the fixed dose combination of metformin [850 mg/70 kg body weight (BW)] and pitavastatin [2 mg/70 kg (BW)] on alloxan induced (120 mg/kg BW) diabetic rats. Methods: A well-established method was implemented to evaluate the effects of combination drug therapy of metformin and pitavastatin on alloxan induced diabetic rats. This study has been designed to evaluate the effects of metformin, pitavastatin and combination on blood glucose level, triglyceride (TG) level, LDL cholesterol level, total cholesterol level, liver dysfunction indices (ALT), liver dysfunction indices (AST), effect of drugs and their combination on left ventricle, survival rate of diabetic treated rats, compare weight of different groups and justify among them. The statistical method applied in each analysis was described in each figure. Results were considered to be significant when p values were less than 0.05 (p