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1. SharkTrack: an accurate, generalisable software for streamlining shark and ray underwater video analysis

Author

Varini, Filippo, Gayford, Joel H., Jenrette, Jeremy, Witt, Matthew J., Garzon, Francesco, Ferretti, Francesco, Wilday, Sophie, Bond, Mark E., Heithaus, Michael R., Robinson, Danielle, Carter, Devon, Gumbs, Najee, Webster, Vincent, and Glocker, Ben

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Elasmobranchs (shark sand rays) represent a critical component of marine ecosystems. Yet, they are experiencing global population declines and effective monitoring of populations is essential to their protection. Underwater stationary videos, such as those from Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (BRUVS), are critical for understanding elasmobranch spatial ecology and abundance. However, processing these videos requires time-consuming manual analysis that can delay conservation. To address this challenge, we developed SharkTrack, a semi-automatic underwater video analysis software. SharkTrack uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Multi-Object Tracking to automatically detect and track elasmobranchs and provides an annotation pipeline to manually classify elasmobranch species and compute species-specific MaxN (ssMaxN), the standard metric of relative abundance. When tested on BRUVS footage from locations unseen by the CNN model during training, SharkTrack computed ssMaxN with 89% accuracy over 207 hours of footage. The semi-automatic SharkTrack pipeline required two minutes of manual classification per hour of video, an estimated 95% reduction of manual analysis time compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate SharkTrack accuracy across diverse marine ecosystems and elasmobranch species, an advancement compared to previous models, which were limited to specific species or locations. SharkTrack applications extend beyond BRUVS, facilitating the analysis of any underwater stationary video. By making video analysis faster and more accessible, SharkTrack enables research and conservation organisations to monitor elasmobranch populations more efficiently, thereby improving conservation efforts. To further support these goals, we provide public access to the SharkTrack software.

Published
2024

2. Directed conservation of the world’s reef sharks and rays

Author

Goetze, Jordan S., Heithaus, Michael R., MacNeil, M. Aaron, Harvey, Euan, Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark, Wilson, Shaun, Bond, Mark E., Speed, Conrad W., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Fisher, Rebecca, Sherman, C. Samantha, Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Udyawer, Vinay, Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Asher, Jacob, Beaufort, Océane, Bernard, Anthony T. F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy L., Boslogo, Tracey, Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J. Jed, Buddo, Dayne, Cáceres, Camila, Casareto, Sara, Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Clua, Eric E. G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Cook, Neil, D’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege-Lazaroff, Mareike C., Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo Leite, Fields, Candace Y. A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Barcia, Laura García, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Graham, Rory, Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Heithaus, Patricia, Henderson, Aaron C., Hertler, Heidi, Hueter, Robert E., Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J. I., Lindfield, Steve, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, Marshall, Andrea, Matich, Philip, McCombs, Erin, McLean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., O’Shea, Owen R., Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley J., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, Quinlan, Jessica R., Razafindrakoto, Christelle F., Rolim, Fernanda A., Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Ruiz, Hector, Samoilys, Melita A., Sala, Enric, Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schoen, Sara N., Schlaff, Audrey M., Smith, Adam N. H., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Zarza-González, Esteban, and Chapman, Demian D.

Published
2024
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10. The Elasmobranchs of Coral Reefs

Author

Chapman, Demian D., primary, MacNeil, M. Aaron, additional, Heupel, Michelle R., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Harvey, Euan S., additional, Simpfendorfer, Colin A., additional, and Heithaus, Michael R., additional

Published
2022
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19. Moray eels are more common on coral reefs subject to higher human pressure in the greater Caribbean

Author

Clementi, Gina M., Bakker, Judith, Flowers, Kathryn I., Postaire, Bautisse D., Babcock, Elizabeth A., Bond, Mark E., Buddo, Dayne, Cardeñosa, Diego, Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Goetze, Jordan S., Harvey, Euan S., Heupel, Michelle, Kiszka, Jeremy J., Kyne, Fabian, MacNeil, M. Aaron, Meekan, Mark G., Rees, Matthew J., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Speed, Conrad W., Heithaus, Michael R., and Chapman, Demian D.

Published
2021
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20. Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community

Author

van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits P.M., Griffin, Lucas P., Bodey, Thomas W., Guttridge, Tristan L., Aarts, Geert, Heithaus, Michael R., Smukall, Matthew J., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits P.M., Griffin, Lucas P., Bodey, Thomas W., Guttridge, Tristan L., Aarts, Geert, Heithaus, Michael R., Smukall, Matthew J., and Papastamatiou, Yannis P.

Abstract

Interspecific interactions, including predator-prey, intraguild predation (IGP), and competition, may drive distribution and habitat use of predator communities. However, elucidating the relative importance of these interactions in shaping predator distributions is challenging, especially in marine communities comprising highly mobile species. We used individual-based models (IBMs) to predict the habitat distributions of apex predators, intraguild (IG) prey, and prey. We then used passive acoustic telemetry to test these predictions in a subtropical marine predator community consisting of eight elasmobranch (i.e., shark and ray) species in Bimini, The Bahamas. IBMs predicted that prey and IG prey will preferentially select habitats based on safety over resources (food), with stronger selection for safe habitat by smaller prey. Elasmobranch space-use patterns matched these predictions. Species with predator-prey and asymmetrical IGP (between apex and small mesopredators) interactions showed the clearest spatial separation, followed by asymmetrical IGP among apex and large mesopredators. Competitors showed greater spatial overlap although with finer-scale differences in microhabitat use. Our study suggests space-use patterns in elasmobranchs are at least partially driven by interspecific interactions, with stronger spatial separation occurring where interactions include predator-prey relationships or IGP., Interspecific interactions, including predator-prey, intraguild predation (IGP), and competition, may drive distribution and habitat use of predator communities. However, elucidating the relative importance of these interactions in shaping predator distributions is challenging, especially in marine communities comprising highly mobile species. We used individual-based models (IBMs) to predict the habitat distributions of apex predators, intraguild (IG) prey, and prey. We then used passive acoustic telemetry to test these predictions in a subtropical marine predator community consisting of eight elasmobranch (i.e., shark and ray) species in Bimini, The Bahamas. IBMs predicted that prey and IG prey will preferentially select habitats based on safety over resources (food), with stronger selection for safe habitat by smaller prey. Elasmobranch space-use patterns matched these predictions. Species with predator-prey and asymmetrical IGP (between apex and small mesopredators) interactions showed the clearest spatial separation, followed by asymmetrical IGP among apex and large mesopredators. Competitors showed greater spatial overlap although with finer-scale differences in microhabitat use. Our study suggests space-use patterns in elasmobranchs are at least partially driven by interspecific interactions, with stronger spatial separation occurring where interactions include predator-prey relationships or IGP.

Published
2024

21. Artisanal fishing affects the local distribution of broad‐snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) within the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

Author

Mascarenhas‐Junior, Paulo B., Strickland, Bradley A., Heithaus, Michael R., Santos, Rayssa L., Barboza, Rafael S., Simões, Pedro I., and Correia, Jozelia M.

Subjects
SMALL-scale fisheries, RIVER channels, GILLNETTING, BIOMES, GEOGRAPHICAL distribution of fishes, FRESHWATER habitats, FISH habitats
Abstract

Artisanal fishing is an important subsistence practice in freshwater habitats worldwide, but overexploitation threatens the conservation of several nontarget species including crocodylians. We investigated the effects of artisanal fishing on the distribution of a population of broad‐snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabiting the Tapacurá reservoir, within the highly altered and threatened Atlantic Forest biome.We conducted spotlight surveys to detect caimans and gillnets deployed in the reservoir from April 2015 to June 2022. We evaluated temporal differences in gillnet encounter rates and the relationship between caimans and gillnet distribution.Gillnet encounter rates remained consistent year‐round, while caiman encounter rates were highest near gillnets, especially in the river channel and in forested margins. Caimans are opportunistic predators attracted by tangled fish in gillnets and likely prefer habitats with increased fish abundance.Future research should continue monitoring the interaction between caimans and fishing and include local communities in conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Insights into the Relative Abundance, Life History, and Ecology of Oceanic Sharks in the Eastern Bahamas

Author

Talwar, Brendan S., primary, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Abercrombie, Debra L., additional, Anderson, Brenda, additional, Bond, Mark E., additional, Brooks, Annabelle M. L., additional, Chapman, Demian D., additional, Clementi, Gina M., additional, Fields, Candace Y. A., additional, Gelsleichter, Jim, additional, Grubbs, R. Dean, additional, Howey, Lucy A., additional, Jordan, Lance K. B., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Knotek, Ryan J., additional, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., additional, Peterson, Cheston T., additional, Schneider, Eric V. C., additional, Shipley, Oliver N., additional, Williams, Sean, additional, Winchester, Maggie M., additional, and Heithaus, Michael R., additional

Published
2023
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35. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays

Author

Simpfendorfer, Colin A., primary, Heithaus, Michael R., additional, Heupel, Michelle R., additional, MacNeil, M. Aaron, additional, Meekan, Mark, additional, Harvey, Euan, additional, Sherman, C. Samantha, additional, Currey-Randall, Leanne M., additional, Goetze, Jordan S., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Rees, Matthew J., additional, Speed, Conrad W., additional, Udyawer, Vinay, additional, Bond, Mark E., additional, Flowers, Kathryn I., additional, Clementi, Gina M., additional, Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, additional, Adam, M. Shiham, additional, Ali, Khadeeja, additional, Asher, Jacob, additional, Aylagas, Eva, additional, Beaufort, Océane, additional, Benjamin, Cecilie, additional, Bernard, Anthony T. F., additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Bierwagen, Stacy, additional, Birrell, Chico, additional, Bonnema, Erika, additional, Bown, Rosalind M. K., additional, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Brown, J. Jed, additional, Buddo, Dayne, additional, Burke, Patrick J., additional, Cáceres, Camila, additional, Cambra, Marta, additional, Cardeñosa, Diego, additional, Carrier, Jeffrey C., additional, Casareto, Sara, additional, Caselle, Jennifer E., additional, Charloo, Venkatesh, additional, Cinner, Joshua E., additional, Claverie, Thomas, additional, Clua, Eric E. G., additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, Cook, Neil, additional, Cramp, Jessica E., additional, D’Alberto, Brooke M., additional, de Graaf, Martin, additional, Dornhege, Mareike C., additional, Espinoza, Mario, additional, Estep, Andy, additional, Fanovich, Lanya, additional, Farabaugh, Naomi F., additional, Fernando, Daniel, additional, Ferreira, Carlos E. L., additional, Fields, Candace Y. A., additional, Flam, Anna L., additional, Floros, Camilla, additional, Fourqurean, Virginia, additional, Gajdzik, Laura, additional, Barcia, Laura García, additional, Garla, Ricardo, additional, Gastrich, Kirk, additional, George, Lachlan, additional, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, additional, Graham, Rory, additional, Guttridge, Tristan L., additional, Hagan, Valerie, additional, Hardenstine, Royale S., additional, Heck, Stephen M., additional, Henderson, Aaron C., additional, Heithaus, Patricia, additional, Hertler, Heidi, additional, Padilla, Mauricio Hoyos, additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Jabado, Rima W., additional, Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, additional, Jaiteh, Vanessa, additional, Johnson, Mohini, additional, Jupiter, Stacy D., additional, Kaimuddin, Muslimin, additional, Kasana, Devanshi, additional, Kelley, Megan, additional, Kessel, Steven T., additional, Kiilu, Benedict, additional, Kirata, Taratau, additional, Kuguru, Baraka, additional, Kyne, Fabian, additional, Langlois, Tim, additional, Lara, Frida, additional, Lawe, Jaedon, additional, Lédée, Elodie J. I., additional, Lindfield, Steve, additional, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, additional, Maggs, Jade Q., additional, Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, additional, Marshall, Andrea, additional, Martin, Lucy, additional, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, additional, Matich, Philip, additional, McCombs, Erin, additional, McIvor, Ashlie, additional, McLean, Dianne, additional, Meggs, Llewelyn, additional, Moore, Stephen, additional, Mukherji, Sushmita, additional, Murray, Ryan, additional, Newman, Stephen J., additional, Nogués, Josep, additional, Obota, Clay, additional, Ochavillo, Domingo, additional, O'Shea, Owen, additional, Osuka, Kennedy E., additional, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., additional, Perera, Nishan, additional, Peterson, Bradley, additional, Pimentel, Caio R., additional, Pina-Amargós, Fabián, additional, Pinheiro, Hudson T., additional, Ponzo, Alessandro, additional, Prasetyo, Andhika, additional, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, additional, Quinlan, Jessica R., additional, Reis-Filho, José Amorim, additional, Ruiz, Hector, additional, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, additional, Sala, Enric, additional, de-León, Pelayo Salinas, additional, Samoilys, Melita A., additional, Sample, William R., additional, Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, additional, Schlaff, Audrey M., additional, Schmid, Kurt, additional, Schoen, Sara N., additional, Simpson, Nikola, additional, Smith, Adam N. H., additional, Spaet, Julia L. Y., additional, Sparks, Lauren, additional, Stoffers, Twan, additional, Tanna, Akshay, additional, Torres, Rubén, additional, Travers, Michael J., additional, van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, additional, Vigliola, Laurent, additional, Ward, Juney, additional, Warren, Joseph D., additional, Watts, Alexandra M., additional, Wen, Colin K., additional, Whitman, Elizabeth R., additional, Wirsing, Aaron J., additional, Wothke, Aljoscha, additional, Zarza-González, Esteban, additional, and Chapman, Demian D., additional

Published
2023
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43. Dynamic energy landscapes of predators and the implications for modifying prey risk.

Author

Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Binder, Benjamin M., Boswell, Kevin M., Malone, Margaret A., Heithaus, Michael R., Huveneers, Charlie, Mourier, Johann, and Harborne, Alastair R.

Subjects
PREDATION, LANDSCAPES, SNOW accumulation, PREDATORY animals, MARINE ecology, WIND speed, SNOW cover
Abstract

Landscapes of fear describe a spatial representation of an animal's perceived risk of predation and the associated foraging costs, while energy landscapes describe the spatial representation of their energetic cost of moving and foraging. Fear landscapes are often dynamic and change based on predator presence and behaviour, and variation in abiotic conditions that modify risk. Energy landscapes are also dynamic and can change across diel, seasonal, and climatic timescales based on variability in temperature, snowfall, wind/current speeds, etc.Recently, it was suggested that fear and energy landscapes should be integrated. In this paradigm, the interaction between landscapes relates to prey being forced to use areas of the energy landscape they would avoid if risk were not a factor. However, dynamic energy landscapes experienced by predators must also be considered since they can affect their ability to forage, irrespective of variation in prey behaviour. We propose an additional component to the fear and dynamic energy landscape paradigm that integrates landscapes of both prey and predators, where predator foraging behaviour is modulated by changes in their energyscape.Specifically, we integrate the predator's energy landscape into foraging theory that predicts prey patch‐leaving decisions under the threat of predation. We predict that as a predator's energetic cost of foraging increases in a habitat, then the prey's foraging cost of predation and patch quitting harvest rate, will decrease. Prey may also decrease their vigilance in response to increased energetic foraging costs for predators, which will lower giving‐up densities of prey.We then provide examples in terrestrial, aerial, and marine ecosystems where we might expect to see these effects. These include birds and sharks which use updrafts that vary based on wind and current speeds, tidal state, or temperature, and terrestrial predators (e.g. wolves) whose landscapes vary seasonally with snow depth or ice cover which may influence their foraging success and even diet selection.A predator perspective is critical to considering the combination of these landscapes and their ecological consequences. Dynamic predator energy landscapes could add an additional spatiotemporal component to risk effects, which may cascade through food webs. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. The trophic ecology of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) relative to other large teleost predators on an isolated coral atoll

Author

Bond, Mark E., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Babcock, Elizabeth A., Hussey, Nigel E., Heithaus, Michael R., and Chapman, Demian D.

Subjects
Carcharhinidae -- Observations, Trophic levels -- Observations, Coral reef ecosystems -- Observations, Predatory animals -- Observations, Biological sciences
Abstract

Bulk stable isotope analysis was used to assess the trophic level and foraging habitats of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) compared to three large sympatric predatory teleosts (the Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus, black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci, and great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda) in an isolated Caribbean coral reef ecosystem. Models and empirical studies have suggested that the depletion of large-bodied sharks in coral reef ecosystems triggers a trophic cascade that could affect the benthic community, favoring algae over coral. The hypothesized cascade is based on the premise that sharks prey on large piscivorous teleost fish that in turn prey on key herbivorous fish. Analysis of nitrogen-stable isotopes ([delta][sup.15]N) from white muscle tissue revealed neither adult or juvenile Caribbean reef sharks were significantly enriched in [sup.15]N compared with sympatric predatory teleost species. Linear regression found no evidence of an ontogenetic increase in nitrogen with increasing body size for Caribbean reef sharks; however, there was a significant positive relationship between body size and carbon isotope ([delta][sup.13]C) values. These results suggest that Caribbean reef sharks in isolated systems do not act as the apex predator in coral reef ecosystems primarily feeding on large-bodied sympatric teleosts. Instead, Caribbean reef sharks form part of an upper trophic-level predator guild alongside large-bodied teleosts, which makes the predicted trophic cascade as a result of the removal of reef sharks unlikely. Moreover, the body size-[delta][sup.13]C relationship suggests Caribbean reef sharks exhibit ontogenetic and individual variation in where they feed. The ecological role of this species is, therefore, complex and contextual, similar to carcharhinid species in the Indo-Pacific, emphasizing the need to further elucidate the interactions between reef sharks and the overall coral reef ecosystem so as to best inform effective conservation and management of the species., Introduction Pristine coral reef ecosystems contain a rich diversity of large predators, including barracuda (F. Sphyraenidae), grouper (F. Serranidae), and sharks (primarily from F. Carcharhinidae). By virtue of their relatively [...]

Published
2018
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46. Advances in Our Understanding of the Ecological Importance of Sharks and Their Relatives

Author

Carrier, Jeffrey C., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Yopak, Kara E., Heithaus, Michael R, Dunn, Ruth, Farabaugh, N. Frances, Lester, Emily, Madin, Elizabeth, Meekan, Mark G., Papastamatiou, Yannis P, Roff, George, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Wirsing, Aaron J., Carrier, Jeffrey C., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Yopak, Kara E., Heithaus, Michael R, Dunn, Ruth, Farabaugh, N. Frances, Lester, Emily, Madin, Elizabeth, Meekan, Mark G., Papastamatiou, Yannis P, Roff, George, Vaudo, Jeremy J., and Wirsing, Aaron J.

Published
2022

48. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays

Author

Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Heupel, Michelle R., Macneil, M.A., Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Sherman, C.S., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Goetze, Jordan S., Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Speed, Conrad W., Udyawer, Vinay, Bond, Mark E., Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Adam, M.S., Ali, Khadeeja, Asher, Jacob, Aylagas, Eva, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T.F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Birrell, Chico, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M.K., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J.J., Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick J., Cáceres, Camila, Cambra, Marta, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Casareto, Sara, Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric E.G., Cochran, Jesse E.M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica E., d’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike C., Espinoza, Mario, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Fields, Candace Y.A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Gajdzik, Laura, García Barcia, Laura, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan L., Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Henderson, Aaron C., Heithaus, Patricia, Hertler, Heidi, Hoyos Padilla, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Jabado, Rima W., Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, Jaiteh, Vanessa, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratau, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lara, Frida, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J.I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., Marshall, Andrea, Martin, Lucy, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, Matich, Philip, Mccombs, Erin, Mcivor, Ashlie, Mclean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, Ochavillo, Domingo, O'Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Pimentel, Caio R., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Pinheiro, Hudson T., Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L.M.S., Quinlan, Jessica R., Reis-Filho, José Amorim, Ruiz, Hector, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Salinas-de-León, Pelayo, Samoilys, Melita A., Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey M., Schmid, Kurt, Schoen, Sara N., Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N.H., Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-González, Esteban, Chapman, Demian D., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Heupel, Michelle R., Macneil, M.A., Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Sherman, C.S., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Goetze, Jordan S., Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Speed, Conrad W., Udyawer, Vinay, Bond, Mark E., Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Adam, M.S., Ali, Khadeeja, Asher, Jacob, Aylagas, Eva, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T.F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Birrell, Chico, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M.K., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J.J., Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick J., Cáceres, Camila, Cambra, Marta, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Casareto, Sara, Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric E.G., Cochran, Jesse E.M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica E., d’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike C., Espinoza, Mario, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Fields, Candace Y.A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Gajdzik, Laura, García Barcia, Laura, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan L., Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Henderson, Aaron C., Heithaus, Patricia, Hertler, Heidi, Hoyos Padilla, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Jabado, Rima W., Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, Jaiteh, Vanessa, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratau, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lara, Frida, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J.I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., Marshall, Andrea, Martin, Lucy, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, Matich, Philip, Mccombs, Erin, Mcivor, Ashlie, Mclean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, Ochavillo, Domingo, O'Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Pimentel, Caio R., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Pinheiro, Hudson T., Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L.M.S., Quinlan, Jessica R., Reis-Filho, José Amorim, Ruiz, Hector, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Salinas-de-León, Pelayo, Samoilys, Melita A., Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey M., Schmid, Kurt, Schoen, Sara N., Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N.H., Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-González, Esteban, and Chapman, Demian D.

Abstract

A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.

Published
2023

49. Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology

Author

Hays, Graeme C., Ferreira, Luciana C., Sequeira, Ana M.M., Meekan, Mark G., Duarte, Carlos M., Bailey, Helen, Bailleul, Fred, Bowen, W. Don, Caley, M. Julian, Costa, Daniel P., Eguíluz, Victor M., Fossette, Sabrina, Friedlaender, Ari S., Gales, Nick, Gleiss, Adrian C., Gunn, John, Harcourt, Rob, Hazen, Elliott L., Heithaus, Michael R., Heupel, Michelle, Holland, Kim, Horning, Markus, Jonsen, Ian, Kooyman, Gerald L., Lowe, Christopher G., Madsen, Peter T., Marsh, Helene, Phillips, Richard A., Righton, David, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Sato, Katsufumi, Shaffer, Scott A., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Skomal, Gregory, Takahashi, Akinori, Trathan, Philip N., Wikelski, Martin, Womble, Jamie N., and Thums, Michele

Published
2016
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