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The range of Shovelnose Sturgeon (SVS) Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the great rivers of central North America has contracted, but most remaining populations are considered stable, likely due to a combination of successful harvest regulations and longitudinal continuity of many river reaches, despite damming in upper reaches. The evolutionary relationships of SVS relative to sister taxa is still a matter of debate. Genetic diversity varies across the range, with substantial haplotype overlap among SVS and its congeners. Shovelnose Sturgeon mature early at 5–7 years, and spawn every 2– 3 years. Some individuals may spawn in fall. Whether this species migrates is debatable, but individuals move long distances with larvae dispersing greater than 250 km, and adults moving >1900 km. Shovelnose Sturgeon appear to complete all aspects of their life cycle in the main channel of rivers, with sand and associated dunes playing an important role in station holding even at high flows. The greatest threats to this species include river temperatures exceeding 26°C that may impair growth and survival of young life stages, dams that impair movement during spring flooding, loss of critical mid-channel island habitats which may be important nursery areas, and increases in harvest pressure for the caviar trade. Given the broad distribution of this species across the jurisdiction of multiple states in the US, a species-wide conservation plan should be in place to ensure that SVS populations remain stable or increase.

Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is a benthic species occurring primarily on sandy bottoms in the mid and southern Caspian Sea, especially along the shores of Iran (Berg, 1948; Holcik, 1989). The Persian sturgeon in the Caspian Sea is anadromous, with at least eighteen groups that segregate spatially and temporally for spawning. These populations are supported by some spawners, each of which considered to be of two seasonal races and divided into two or four biological groups (Perevaryukha, 2001).