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4. Optimised diets for achieving One Health: A pilot study in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolis in Germany

Author

Minetto Gellert Paris, J., Escobar Lanzuela, N., Falkenberg, T., Gupta, S., Heinzel, C., Verly Junior, E., Jolliet, O., Borgemeister, C., Nöthlings, U., Minetto Gellert Paris, J., Escobar Lanzuela, N., Falkenberg, T., Gupta, S., Heinzel, C., Verly Junior, E., Jolliet, O., Borgemeister, C., and Nöthlings, U.

Abstract

Dietary changes are needed to align the global food systems with the planetary boundaries and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals. We employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, extended with indicators on human health and animal welfare, to assess 2020 food consumption data of a pilot sample collected through an online survey in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolis (Germany). Feasible optimisation scenarios representing alternative sustainable choices towards overarching environmental, societal and policy goals were explored. Meat and meat products contributed most to overall environmental impacts (e.g., climate change, terrestrial acidification), and fish and seafood to animal welfare loss (e.g., animal lives lost, animal life years suffered). Sodium intake was the most contributing risk factor for life minutes lost. The combined optimisation scenario reduces 55% of greenhouse gas emissions, improves human health indicators by 25% and reduces animal welfare loss substantially (by 52-97%). This is possible with a shift towards flexitarian and vegetarian dietary scenarios. These optimisations deliver improvements across One Health dimensions with marginal changes in dietary scenarios and align with the sustainability goals of the EU Green Deal. Working with regional data can offer advantages in obtaining more realistic baseline dietary information to promote localised dietary shifts. While this research has limitations regarding sample representativeness, it can serve as a case study to encourage sustainable consumption in the Rhine-Ruhr region.

Published
2024
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5. Tool concept for the increase of the mechanical process effect in grinding.

Author

Eich, M. and Heinzel, C.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to improve surface and subsurface workpiece properties in steel grinding by using nearly spherical ceramic grains in an elastic bond system. To characterize and evaluate the potential of this rather new tool concept, the resulting workpiece microtopography and the subsurface characteristics are analysed and cover residual stresses, micrographic cross sections, and EBSD images. The results include the effect of the different process parameters on increased mechanical process loads resulting in favorable surface properties characterized by mechanically induced plastic deformation and compressive residual stresses. With regard to the metallographic analyses, an increased grain refinement was identified in micrographs and EBSD images, which results from the changed chip generation mechanisms. The sum of the above effects shows an increase in the residual compressive stresses introduced into the workpiece. This reveals the potential of spherical ceramic grains in an elastic bonding system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Changing dietary patterns is necessary to improve the sustainability of Western diets from a One Health perspective

Author

Paris, J.M.G., Falkenberg, T., Nöthlings, U., Heinzel, C., Borgemeister, C., Escobar Lanzuela, N., Paris, J.M.G., Falkenberg, T., Nöthlings, U., Heinzel, C., Borgemeister, C., and Escobar Lanzuela, N.

Abstract

Western diets are associated with multiple environmental impacts and risks to human health. European countries are gradually taking action towards the Farm to Fork Strategy, embracing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective to promote the sustainability of food production and consumption. Although LCA enables the comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts, diet-related human health and animal welfare impacts are often underrepresented. This study proposes integrating additional indicators into LCA to evaluate the sustainability of diets under the One Health (OH) approach, which holistically considers interlinked complex health issues between humans, animals and the environment. Human health loss is estimated according to risk factors for non-communicable diseases; while animal welfare is measured as animal life years suffered, loss of animal lives and loss of morally-adjusted animal lives. The extended LCA framework is applied to men and women's reference diets in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW); compared to three optimized dietary scenarios under nutritional constraints: 1) the national dietary guidelines, 2) a vegan diet (VD) and 3) a Mediterranean diet (MD). Men's reference diet causes greater impacts than women's across OH dimensions due to the higher food consumption, especially of ready-to-eat meals, sausages, meat, and sweetened and alcoholic beverages. Both reference diets are associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke and neoplasms. Besides meat, consumption of honey, fish and seafood has the greatest impact on animal welfare, because of the high number of individuals involved. Alternative diets improve the sustainability of food consumption in NRW, although trade-offs arise: MD worsens animal suffering due to the higher fish intake; water use increases in both VD and MD due the higher intake of nuts and vegetables. Results highlight the importance of including animal welfare and human health

Published
2022

27. Non-Invasive Antibody Assessment in Saliva to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Young Children

Author

Heinzel, C., Pinilla, Y.T., Elsner, K., Friessinger, E., Mordmuller, B., Kremsner, P.G., Held, J., Fendel, R., and Kreidenweiss, A.

Subjects
Immunology, fungi, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Immunology and Allergy, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 244052.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Saliva is a body fluid with hitherto unused potential for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Specific antibodies can indicate a past SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to estimate the proportion of individuals with a potential protective immunity. First, we carefully characterized plasma samples obtained from adult control groups with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection using certified reference ELISAs. Simultaneously collected saliva samples of confirmed convalescent and negative individuals where then used to validate the herein newly developed ELISA for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in saliva. The saliva ELISA was applied to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure in young children (N = 837) in the age between 1 and 10 years in Tübingen, Germany, towards the end of the first pandemic year 2020. Sensitivity and specificity of the new saliva ELISA was 87% and 100%, respectively. With 12% of all Tübingen children sampled via their respective educational institutions, estimates of SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence was 1.6%. Interestingly, only 0.4% preschool kids were positive compared to 3.0% of primary school children. Less than 20% of positive children self-reported symptoms within two months prior to saliva sampling that could be associated - but not exclusively - with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The saliva ELISA is a valid and suitable protocol to enable population-based surveys for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Using non-invasive sampling and saliva ELISA testing, we found that prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly lower in young children than in primary school children.

Published
2021

28. Changing dietary patterns is necessary to improve the sustainability of Western diets from a One Health perspective

Author

Paris, J.M.G., Falkenberg, T., Nöthlings, U., Heinzel, C., Borgemeister, C., Escobar Lanzuela, N., Paris, J.M.G., Falkenberg, T., Nöthlings, U., Heinzel, C., Borgemeister, C., and Escobar Lanzuela, N.

Abstract

Western diets are associated with multiple environmental impacts and risks to human health. European countries are gradually taking action towards the Farm to Fork Strategy, embracing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective to promote the sustainability of food production and consumption. Although LCA enables the comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts, diet-related human health and animal welfare impacts are often underrepresented. This study proposes integrating additional indicators into LCA to evaluate the sustainability of diets under the One Health (OH) approach, which holistically considers interlinked complex health issues between humans, animals and the environment. Human health loss is estimated according to risk factors for non-communicable diseases; while animal welfare is measured as animal life years suffered, loss of animal lives and loss of morally-adjusted animal lives. The extended LCA framework is applied to men and women's reference diets in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW); compared to three optimized dietary scenarios under nutritional constraints: 1) the national dietary guidelines, 2) a vegan diet (VD) and 3) a Mediterranean diet (MD). Men's reference diet causes greater impacts than women's across OH dimensions due to the higher food consumption, especially of ready-to-eat meals, sausages, meat, and sweetened and alcoholic beverages. Both reference diets are associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke and neoplasms. Besides meat, consumption of honey, fish and seafood has the greatest impact on animal welfare, because of the high number of individuals involved. Alternative diets improve the sustainability of food consumption in NRW, although trade-offs arise: MD worsens animal suffering due to the higher fish intake; water use increases in both VD and MD due the higher intake of nuts and vegetables. Results highlight the importance of including animal welfare and human health

Published
2021

38. K-shell spectroscopy of Ar clusters.

Author

Rühl, E., Heinzel, C., Hitchcock, A. P., Schmelz, H., Reynaud, C., Baumgärtel, H., Drube, W., and Frahm, R.

Subjects
*SPECTRUM analysis, *ELECTRON beams, *NUCLEAR physics
Abstract

Total ion yield spectra of a supersonic beam of Ar clusters have been recorded in the Ar K-shell (1s) spectral region using synchrotron radiation. The spectrum of the cluster component of beams containing argon clusters of mean size N≊400 atoms is similar to that of the x-ray absorption spectrum of solid Ar. Analysis of the Ar 1s extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) indicates an average first shell Ar–Ar distance in the cluster similar to that of the solid, but there is an increased Debye–Waller (disorder/thermal motion) term as well as changes in the higher coordination shell signals.Time-of-flight mass spectra and photoion–photoion coincidence (PIPICO) spectra of argon cluster beams are reported and the charge separation mechanisms of multiply charged argon clusters are discussed. The results are compared to those from recent studies of the Ar 2p spectra of Ar clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993

39. Ar 2p spectroscopy of free argon clusters.

Author

Rühl, E., Heinzel, C., Hitchcock, A. P., and Baumgärtel, H.

Subjects
*CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics), *NUCLEAR excitation, *ARGON, *SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

Total electron and total and partial ion yield spectra of Ar clusters (with average size up to 600±200) in the region of Ar 2p excitation have been measured using synchrotron radiation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As the average cluster size increases, the x-ray absorption spectrum changes systematically from that of atomic Ar to that of solid Ar. The shape of the Ar 2p3/2→4s region is found to be a sensitive monitor of the cluster sizes present in a molecular beam of Ar clusters. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is detected in the spectra of the larger clusters. There is a strong correlation between the intensity of the components of the Ar 2p3/2→4s signal associated with clusters and the intensity of the Fourier filtered first shell Ar 2p EXAFS signal. A low amplitude, high frequency fine structure is observed in the Ar 2p continuum of the heaviest clusters which corresponds closely to that observed in solid Ar. This signal develops with cluster size more slowly than the Ar 2p EXAFS and 4s exciton signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993

45. Archaeometric evidence attesting production of indigenous archaic pottery at Monte Polizzo (Western Sicily)

Author

Montana, G., Heinzel, C., Polito, A., Randazzo, L., MONTANA, G, HEINZEL, CE, POLITO, AM, and RANDAZZO L

Subjects
INDIGENOUS CERAMIC PRODUCTION, WESTERN SICILY, XRF, ARCHAIC AGE, INCISED AND MATTE PAINTED TABLEWARE, THIN SECTION PETROGRAPHY, Settore GEO/09 -Georis. Miner.e Appl.Mineral.-Petrogr. per l'Ambi.ed i B.Cult
Abstract

Excavations at the proto-urban indigenous settlement of Monte Polizzo (western Sicily) have not yielded so far any evidence of in-situ ceramic production (i.e. kiln structures). However several archaeological concerns put forward to consider it as a likely production centre of pottery during the Archaic age. In this paper a first attempt to check the compositional correspondence between ceramic fabrics and local clay sources has been made. A comprehensive archaeometric investigation of native pottery, mainly composed of matte-painted table ware dated from the 7th to the 4th century BC, recovered from the Acropolis of Monte Polizzo has allowed the identification of five distinct ‘Paste Compositional Reference Units’ (PCRUs). The five PCRUs were independently identified and confirmed through textural and mineralogical characteristics (petrographic observations) and chemical characterization (XRF analysis). A parallel investigation of clayey raw material of Monte Polizzo’s natural resources revealed two geologic formations the Terravecchia and Marnoso-Arenacea del Belice (MAB). Experimental ceramic briquettes were created and mineralogically and petrographically characterized. A comparison between the native and experimental ceramics revealed that the native ceramists preferred clays from the Terravecchia Formation. The mineralogical, textural and chemical composition of the raw clays of the Terravecchia Formation resulted to be well correlated with the 92% of the native ceramic artefacts recovered from Monte Polizzo. The remaining 8% are interpreted to be imported from the Sicani Mounts area.

Published
2012

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