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3. Vaccination with the M. suis recombinant adhesion protein MSG1 elicits a strong immune response but fails to induce protection in pigs

Author

Hoelzle, K, Doser, S, Ritzmann, M, Heinritzi, K, Palzer, A, Elicker, S, Kramer, Manuela, Felder, K M, Hoelzle, L E, University of Zurich, and Hoelzle, K

Subjects
1313 Molecular Medicine, 2400 General Immunology and Microbiology, 3400 General Veterinary, 570 Life sciences, biology, 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 2725 Infectious Diseases, 10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene
Published
2009
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4. Use of recombinant antigens to detect antibodies against Mycoplasma suis, with correlation of serological results to hematological findings

Author

Hoelzle, K, Grimm, J, Ritzmann, M, Heinritzi, K, Torgerson, Paul R, Hamburger, A, Wittenbrink, M M, Hoelzle, L E, University of Zurich, and Hoelzle, L E

Subjects
10078 Institute of Parasitology, 2403 Immunology, 600 Technology, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10599 Chair in Veterinary Epidemiology, 1308 Clinical Biochemistry, 10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, 2726 Microbiology (medical)
Published
2007

5. [Detection of Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in swine and association of those pathogens with clinical and pathological-anatomic findings]

Author

Palzer A, Mathias Ritzmann, Hafner-Marx A, Wolf G, and Heinritzi K

Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Swine Diseases, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus Infections, Swine, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

In routine diagnostic it is difficult to detect a Haemophilus parasuis infection causing a polyserositis. In the presented study, a detection method by means of PCR, from collective swabs of the serosal surfaces from animals, with and without fibrinous serositis, was investigated. A significant association was detected between post mortal findings of fibrinous serositis and molecular biological detection of Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis. However, no significant association existed between cultural detection of Haemophilus parasuis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pathological-anatomical ascertainable fibrinous serositis. A significant association between Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis could be determined in the animals that were included in this study.

Published
2006

8. Hemotrophic mycoplasmas induce programmed cell death in red blood cells

Author

Felder, K M, Hoelzle, K, Ritzmann, M, Kilchling, T, Schiele, D, Heinritzi, K, Groebel, K, Hoelzle, Ludwig E, Felder, K M, Hoelzle, K, Ritzmann, M, Kilchling, T, Schiele, D, Heinritzi, K, Groebel, K, and Hoelzle, Ludwig E

Abstract

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HM) are uncultivable bacteria found on and in the red blood cells (RBCs). The main clinical sign of HM infections is the hemolytic anemia. However, anemia-inducing pathogenesis has not been totally clarified. In this work we used the splenectomized pig as animal model and Mycoplasma suis as a representative for hemotrophic mycoplasmas to study anemia pathogenesis. Eryptosis, i.e. programmed cell death of RBCs, is characterized by cell shrinkage, microvesiculation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer membrane. The eryptosis occurrence and its influence on anemia pathogenesis was observed over the time-course of M. suis infections in pigs using 3 M. suis isolates of differing virulence. All 3 isolates induced eryptosis, but with different characteristics. The occurrence of eryptosis could as well be confirmed in vitro: serum and plasma of an acutely ill pig induced PS exposure on erythrocytes drawn from healthy pigs. Since M. suis is able to induce eryptotic processes it is concluded that eryptosis is one anemia-inducing factor during M. suis infections and, therefore, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of infectious anemia due to HM infection.

Published
2011

9. Antibodies to actin in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Author

Felder, K M, Hoelzle, K, Heinritzi, K, Ritzmann, M, Hoelzle, L E, Felder, K M, Hoelzle, K, Heinritzi, K, Ritzmann, M, and Hoelzle, L E

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) autoreactive antibodies directed against red blood cells are upregulated leading to erythrocyte cell death. M. suis infections in pigs (IAP) induce AIHA of both the warm and the cold type. Aim of this study was to identify target autoantigens of warm autoreactive IgG antibodies. For this, sera from experimentally M. suis infected pigs were screened for autoreactivity. RESULTS: In sera of 95 % of all tested animals actin-reactive antibodies were found. The reactivity was shown to be species specific, i.e. reactivity with porcine actin was significantly higher than with rabbit-actin. Sera of animals previously immunised with the adhesion protein MSG1 of M. suis showed reactivity with actin prior to infection with M. suis indicating molecular mimicry to be involved in specific autoreactive mechanism. A potentially cross reactive epitope could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of autoreactive anti-actin antibodies involved in pathogenesis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.

Published
2010

10. [Porcine proliferative enteropathy in feeders and breeder sows]

Author

Ehrlein J, Wolfram Breuer, Heinritzi K, and Hermanns W

Subjects
Diarrhea, Swine Diseases, Intestinal Diseases, Jejunum, Ileum, Swine, Animals, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Abstract

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) was recognized as an important economic factor in pig production. In the following, three cases of PPE in pigs presented for necropsy are discussed. The animals were raised in a stud stock and a weaning production facility in Bavaria. The clinical signs described in the history indicated a herd problem with hemorrhagic diarrhoea and paleness being the cardinal signs. The diagnosis was based upon gross and histopathological findings and was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The different types of manifestation of the disease seen in the two production facilities are discussed in the context of the current literature on etiology and pathogenesis.

Published
1997

11. Mycoplasma suis antigens recognized during humoral immune response in experimentally infected pigs

Author

Hoelzle, L E, Hoelzle, K, Ritzmann, M, Heinritzi, K, Wittenbrink, M M, Hoelzle, L E, Hoelzle, K, Ritzmann, M, Heinritzi, K, and Wittenbrink, M M

Abstract

Today, serodiagnostic tests for Mycoplasma suis infections in pigs have low accuracies. The development of novel serodiagnostic strategies requires a detailed analysis of the humoral immune response elicited by M. suis and, in particular, the identification of antigenic proteins of the agent. For this study, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analyses were performed using pre- and sequential postinoculation sera from M. suis-infected and mock-infected control pigs. M. suis purified from porcine blood served as the antigen. Eight M. suis-specific antigens (p33, p40, p45, p57, p61, p70, p73, and p83) were identified as targets of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response during experimental infection, with p40, p45, and p70 being the preferentially recognized M. suis antigens. Besides the M. suis-specific antigens, porcine immunoglobulins were identified in blood-derived M. suis preparations. By immunoglobulin depletion, the specificity of the M. suis antigen for use in indirect ELISA was significantly improved. M. suis-specific Western blot and ELISA reactions were observed in all infected pigs by 14 days postinfection at the latest and until week 14, the end of the experiments. During acute clinical attacks of eperythrozoonosis, a derailment of the antibody response, determined by decreases in both the M. suis net ELISA values and the numbers of M. suis-specific immunoblot bands, was accompanied by peaking levels of autoreactive IgG antibodies. In conclusion, the M. suis-specific antigens found to stimulate specific IgG antibodies are potentially useful for the development of novel serodiagnostic tests.

Published
2006

12. [Prophylactic effect of specific egg yolk antibodies in diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) in weaned piglets]

Author

Michael Helmut Erhard, Bergmann J, Renner M, Hofmann A, and Heinritzi K

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Swine Diseases, Antigens, Bacterial, Swine, Escherichia coli Proteins, Antibodies, Bacterial, Egg Yolk, Antibodies, Double-Blind Method, Antigens, Surface, Escherichia coli, Animals, Female, Fimbriae Proteins
Abstract

In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double-blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies to E. coli K88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fed ad libitum. The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P0.05, chi 2-test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2-39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6-55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body-weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group.

Published
1996

13. Sequential targeting of CFTR by BAC vectors generates a novel pig model of cystic fibrosis

Author

Klymiuk, N., primary, Mundhenk, L., additional, Kraehe, K., additional, Wuensch, A., additional, Plog, S., additional, Emrich, D., additional, Langenmayer, M. C., additional, Stehr, M., additional, Holzinger, A., additional, Kröner, C., additional, Richter, A., additional, Kessler, B., additional, Kurome, M., additional, Eddicks, M., additional, Nagashima, H., additional, Heinritzi, K., additional, Gruber, A. D., additional, and Wolf, E., additional

Published
2011
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15. [Significance and course of a cold agglutinin in Eperythrozoon suis infection of swine]

Author

Jüngling A, Michael Helmut Erhard, Heinritzi K, and Lösch U

Subjects
Swine Diseases, Erythrocytes, Immunoglobulin M, Agglutinins, Swine, Erythrocyte Count, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune, Cryoglobulins
Abstract

After infection with Eperythrozoon suis, pigs began to produce cold agglutinins of immunoglobulin type IgM, that because of the similarity between the pathogenic antigen and antigen on the erythrocyte membrane caused agglomeration. The progression of this cold agglutinin was measured with an enzyme immunoassay especially invented for this purpose, and compared with serum-IgM, agglutination strength, pathogenic effect as well as number of erythrocytes in the blood. The cold agglutinin extracted from the erythrocyte membrane at 40 degrees C showed, in comparison to the initial figures, a higher level (1259 micrograms/ml) at 6 days after the illness peak, reaching its maximum (2435 micrograms/ml) at 12 days. Similar results were achieved at lower extraction temperatures (22 degrees C, 0 degree C). A high correlation could be shown between the levels of IgM and of cold agglutinin, as well as the parallel increase in the agglutination strength of the blood. At the time of maximal pathogenic effect, no agglutination of blood was observed. The number of erythrocytes decreased in acute phases of an attack to a constant mean of 2.32 Mill./microliters of blood and then increased, at the same rate as the cold agglutinin level decreased, almost reaching normal values. These experiments confirm the fact that an organism following an infection with Eperythrozoon suis, begins to produce cold agglutinins. Due to structural similarities between the pathogen and the erythrocyte antigen the cold agglutinin causes temperature dependent agglutination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1994

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