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Objective: To systematically review the body of evidence and reach a consensus among neurosurgeons experienced in thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) regarding anatomy, diagnosis, classification, and therapy. Although numerous articles have been published not only on the classification of TOS, but also on [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Objective: Since the first description by Nevin and Kiloh the compression syndrome of anterior interosseous nerve has been the subject of controversial discussion. Recently, the use of MR-neurography (MRN) and high-resolution neurosonography (HRNS) spawned the idea of neuritis as only agent causing [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 72. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Polnischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: Over the last years, endothelial cells (ECs) have come into scientific focus in peripheral nerve research, as they were shown to be a major constituent of the blood-nerve-barrier (BNB) and provide axonal guidance in peripheral nerve regeneration. However, mainly animal models and commercially[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 71. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 9. Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: Thoracic outlet syndromes TOS are still believed to be exclusion diagnoses. Frequently, patients report on longstanding odysseys before eventually the correct diagnosis is made. In the past years high-resolution neurosonography HRNS and MR-neurography MRN has reached a new level of imaging[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: Nerve or nerve associated tumours of the retroperitoneal space are rare. Histological findings vary significantly and each entity requires different strategies reaching from open biopsy, function sparing tumour enucleation to radical resection. The tumors are frequently situated in- or in[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)

Background: Nerve or nerve associated tumours of the retroperitoneal space are rare. Histological findings vary significantly and each entity requires different strategies reaching from open biopsy, function sparing tumour enucleation to radical resection. The tumors are frequently situated in- or in[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

CONTEXT: Mutations in the immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1) gene cause the X-linked IGSF1 deficiency syndrome consisting of central hypothyroidism, delayed pubertal testosterone rise, adult macroorchidism, variable prolactin deficiency, and occasionally transient partial GH deficiency. Since our first reports, we discovered 20 new families with 18 new pathogenic IGSF1 mutations. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to share data on the largest cohort of patients with IGSF1 deficiency to date and formulate recommendations for clinical management. METHODS: We collected clinical and biochemical characteristics of 69 male patients (35 children, 34 adults) and 56 female IGSF1 mutation carriers (three children, 53 adults) from 30 unrelated families according to a standardized clinical protocol. At evaluation, boys were treated with levothyroxine in 89%, adult males in 44%, and females in 5% of cases. RESULTS: Additional symptoms in male patients included small thyroid gland volume (74%), high birth weight (25%), and large head circumference (20%). In general, the timing of pubertal testicular growth was normal or even premature, in contrast to a late rise in T levels. Late adrenarche was observed in patients with prolactin deficiency, and adult dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations were decreased in 40%. Hypocortisolism was observed in 6 of 28 evaluated newborns, although cortisol concentrations were normal later. Waist circumference of male patients was increased in 60%, but blood lipids were normal. Female carriers showed low free T4 (FT4) and low-normal FT4 in 18% and 60%, respectively, delayed age at menarche in 31%, mild prolactin deficiency in 22%, increased waist circumference in 57%, and a negative correlation between FT4 concentrations and metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION: IGSF1 deficiency represents the most common genetic cause of central hypothyroidism and is associated with multiple other characteristics. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for mutational analysis, endocrine work-up, and long-term care.

Objective: In contrast to simple generator replacement due to battery weakness, revision or exchange of the whole vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) system in case of lead break or displacement is surgically more challenging. This is especially true when electrodes have to be dissected without harming the[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 66. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: One of the main goals in plexus brachialis surgery is the reconstruction of elbow flexion. Because of the myoneural degeneration it is a generally accepted opinion that reconstruction should be done within the first six months after trauma. An exception to this are the nerve transfers, where[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and mouse) with emphasis on in vivo methods for testing and prediction of oral dosage form performance. A wide range of factors and methods are considered in addition, such as imaging methods, perfusion models, models for predicting segmental/regional absorption, in vitro in vivo correlations as well as models to investigate the effects of excipients and the role of food on drug absorption. One goal of the authors was to clearly identify the gaps in today's knowledge in order to stimulate further work on refining the existing in vivo models and demonstrate their usefulness in drug formulation and product performance testing. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective: Peripheral nerve tumors are rare diseases, of them schwannoma are the most frequent entity. Both diagnosis and therapy of the remaining tumors are still discussed, since evidence based medicine is non existing. Meanwhile, ultrasound gained an important role in traumatic nerve lesions thereby[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Einleitung: In den letzten Jahren gibt es eine zunehmende und kontroverse Diskussion darüber, ob bei der Versorgung von traumatischen Armplexusläsionen eine Exploration und autologe Rekonstruktion überhaupt noch erforderlich sei, oder nicht von Anfang darauf verzichteten werden sollte[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 130. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

Objective: In recent years nerve transfers have been increasingly used to broaden reconstructive options for brachial plexus injuries. We reviewed the clinical outcome of our patients who have undergone different nerve transfers for restoration of elbow flexion during the last ten years (2002–2012).[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: One of the main goals in treating brachial plexus injury is the restoration of shoulder stability and abduction as well as elbow flexion. In the past years, procedures such as the Oberlin transfer (i.e. neurotising ulnar and/or median nerve fascicles directly to musculocutanaeus nerve)[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 63. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (JNS)

Objective: Intraneural perineuriomas are benign peripheral nerve tumors. Due to their rarity, only little information is available concerning their epidemiology and the management of these tumors. Currently, there are no diagnostic or treatment guidelines available. We illustrate six cases treated at[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Polnischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgen (PNCH)

Objective: MPNST is a rare and very aggressive soft tissue tumor entitiy. Recently, new insights into molecular mechanisms became known and new classifications were proposed. We tried to apply these findings to our own MPNST patients in order to understand if the clinical course was influenced. Methods:[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Polnischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgen (PNCH)

Objective: In spite of the development of new drugs, the treatment of central neuropathic pain still is challenging and patient's life quality can be affected tremendously. We present our series of patients treated using DREZ lesioning with the Nashold technique. Methods: We retrospectively [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Polnischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgen (PNCH)

Seit 1997 besteht am Universitätsklinikum Ulm eine Spezialambulanz für Patienten mit Neurofibromatose, in der sich bislang ca. 1000 Patienten vorstellten. Die Neurofibromatose-Sprechstunde vereinigt alle verschiedenen für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Neurofibromatose Typ 1 und[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 49. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (DGPW)

Einleitung: Die intraoperative Beurteilung traumatischer Kontinuitätsläsionen peripherer Nerven hinsichtlich ihrer Potenz zur Spontanregeneration ist unter Umständen erschwert. Kein Verfahren, ausser der invasiven, häufig zusätzlich schädigenden mikrochirurgischen interfaszikulären[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 127. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

Einleitung: Die Bedeutung der MRT in der präoperativen Diagnostik von traumatischen Läsionen des Plexus brachialis (tLPB) wird fortlaufend kontrovers diskutiert. Diese Studie evaluiert die Genauigkeit der hochauflösenden 3-D-CISS und 3-D-STIR SPACE Sequenzen in der Erfassung von prä-[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 127. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

Objective: Generally, endometriosis represents one of the most frequent benign gynecological pathologies with an incidence of 1-2. Manifestation of the disease can be observed intra- and extragenitally. Involvement of peripheral nerves in endometriosis is a rarely occurring problem. We present a [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien

Objective: The treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS) is still controversially discussed. Endoscopic long-distance decompression has recently been introduced and since then has shown promising results. Its role when dealing with (sub-)luxation of the ulnar nerve has not yet been elucidated. We[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien